Miriquidi

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As Miriquidi and Mircwidu the designated early medieval historian Thietmar of Merseburg (Chron 6, 10,. 8, 28) the Ore and a part of the wooded at the time foothills and a forest in the Dutch Merwede an arm of the Maas . In Latin, Miriquidi silva means "dark, finster forest". Thietmar uses the vernacular Old Low German ( Old Saxon ) terms Miriquidi and Mircwidu to reflect on older naming motifs from myths and legends for a primeval and border forest. In terms of shape and sound, the two name forms are combined with forms of the rest of the name treasure (Onomastikum) within Germania.

Nomenclature

The basic form of the names is a two-part composition made up of the forms Germanic * merkwaz (Old Saxon mirki , Old English mierce ), German dark and * wiðuz , German tree, wood, forest . The Old English and Saxon documents have an expansion of the meaning of "bad" in the first link. The analogous, well-documented Old Norse form Myrkviðr appears in the high medieval Icelandic-Norwegian saga literature and in texts of the Edda .

Historical evidence

Thietmar mentions in the passage Chron. 6, 10 the Miriquidi in the context of the first campaign of the East Franconian king and later Roman-German emperor Heinrich II. Against the Polish prince and later king Bolesław I Chrobry in the summer of 1004. Heinrich decided on to enter the Ore Mountains in Bohemia and to conquer the Saaz Castle . In Chron. 8, 28 he mentions that Count Dietrich III. of Holland in 1018 in Mircwidu east of Dordrecht near Sliedrecht has illegally appropriated a larger homestead / property and the dispossessed complained to the now emperor Heinrich about the "nefarious act". The oldest evidence of the Miriquidi in specific reference to the Ore Mountains region dates back to 974 in the form of Miriquido . Emperor Otto II. ( CDS 1,1, 19) gave the Merseburg Foundation a forest, or a forest area in the Gau Chutizi between the Saale and the Mulde , which is called Miriquidi .

reception

The (primordial) forest as a border can be found for the Germania magna with the ancient geographers and historians, such as by Tacitus in his description of Hercynia silva . This "Hercynian forest" represented - with the Ore Mountains as a part of it - an important topographical object for the Germanic cultural area, the influence of which can be found in the spiritual culture as well as in the composition of myths, legends and ideas in North-West Europe High Middle Ages fell down - the dark, difficult-to-penetrate, dangerous forest. The phrase in the Eddic Lokasenna , verse 42 "er Muspelz synir ríða Myrkvið yfir" ("when Muspel's sons ride over (through) the Myrkwid") is seen as a representation of the Hercynian forest. Another reception in the Nordic sources of Miriquidi-Mirkwidu-Myrkviðr as a pronounced border forest can be found in the saga literature in the Hlöðskviða ("Hunnenschlachtlied") as a divide between the Goths and the Huns. Wolfgang Haubrichs suspects in the evidence of Mircwidu near Dordrecht a folk etymological modification of Thietmar from Meri-widu (Merwede) to German "moor or swamp forest" due to an influence on Thietmar from his knowledge of myths and heroic sagas. In the 11th century this moor forest appears next to the river name as flumen et silva Merewido . According to Thietmar's evidence, the Holstein early medieval border forest in Old Saxon " Isarnho " (old Danish Jarnvið ) is to be compared, which separated Saxons , Danes and Warnen from one another.

Both Thietmar's use and mention of the traditional term as well as its reception in Eddic and Saga literature (12th to 13th centuries) show the function of the forest as a partition of the real world, of settlement areas and peoples. In spiritual culture as a motif in the fictional oral and written tradition which in turn played an active role in the naming of locations and landmarks.

literature

  • Martin Eggers: Myrkviðr . In: Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Eds.) Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Vol. 20, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2001, ISBN 3-11-017164-3 , pp. 460–61.
  • Karlheinz Hengst : Erzgebirge / Krušné hory in the mirror of the language for about 3000 years "Hercynia silva - Fergunna - Miriquidi - Bohemian Forest - Ore Mountains" . In: Erzgebirge - Heimat und domov: Volume of materials for the 8th German-Czech meeting seminar Good Neighbors - Bad Neighbors? ; [As part of the conference series at the Saxon-Czech University Center of the TU Chemnitz from March 30th - April 2nd, 2005 in Aue under the general topic "Ore Mountains - Heimat and domov"] . Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-631-55027-8 , pp. 71-79.
  • Rudolf Much : Myrkviðr . In: Johannes Hoops (Ed.) Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde 1st edition, Vol. 3, Karl J. Trübner, Strasbourg 1915–16, p. 291.
  • Vladimir Orel: A Handbook of Germanic Etymology , Brill, Leiden / Boston 2003, ISBN 90-04-12875-1 .
  • Ludwig Rübekeil: Suebica - Völkernamen und Ethnos , Institute for Linguistics, Innsbruck 1992, ISBN 3-85124-623-3 . ( Innsbruck Contributions to Linguistics , 68)
  • Klaus von See , Beatrice La Farge, Eve Picard, Ilona Priebe and Katja Schulz: Commentary on the songs of the Edda. Vol. 2: Götterlieder (Skírnismál, Hárbarðslióð, Hymiskviða, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða) , Winter, Heidelberg 1997, ISBN 3-8253-0534-1 .
  • Thietmar von Merseburg. Chronicle . Retransmitted and explained by Werner Trillmich . With an addendum by Steffen Patzold . [FSGA 9] Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 8th, compared to the 7th by one night. Ed., Darmstadt 2002, ISBN 3-534-00173-7 .
  • Reinhard Wenskus : Tribal formation and constitution. The development of the early medieval gentes , 2nd unchanged edition, Böhlau Verlag, Cologne - Vienna 1977, ISBN 3-412-00177-5 , p. 225 ff.

Web links

Wiktionary: Miriquidi  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
  • The chronicle of Bishop Thietmar von Merseburg and her Korveier revision. Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi chronicon. Edited by Robert Holtzmann . Berlin 1935. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores. 6, Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, Nova Series; 9.) Liber 6, 10 (p. 287)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vladimir Orel: A Handbook of Germanic Etymology , Leiden / Boston 2003, pp. 268, 462
  2. ^ Heinrich Tiefenbach: Old Saxon Concise Dictionary. A Concise Old Saxon Dictionary . de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2010, ISBN 978-3-11-023234-9 , p. 275.
  3. ↑ Jan de Vries: Myrkr . In the S. Old Norse Etymological Dictionary . Brill, Leiden / Boston / Cologne, 2nd improved edition 2000, p. 398
  4. ↑ Klaus von See (et al.): Commentary on the songs of the Edda. Vol. 2: Götterlieder , Heidelberg 1997, p. 470
  5. ↑ forestum inter Salem ac Mildam fluvios ... silva, quae Miriquido dicitur.
  6. ↑ Martin Eggers: Myrkviðr , Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Vol. 20 Berlin / New York 2001, p. 460
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Haubrichs: “Heroic Times?” Migration of heroic names and heroic sagas between the Germanic gentes of the early Middle Ages . In: Astrid van Nahl , Lennart Elmevik, Stefan Brink (eds.): Worlds of names . Place names and personal names in a historical perspective , de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2004, ISBN 978-3-11-091147-3 , pp. 513-534, here 522. ( Supplementary volumes to the Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , 44)
  8. ^ Adolf Bach: German onenology II. The German place names 1 . Winter, Heidelberg 1953, p. 448.
  9. ↑ Jürgen Udolph: Isarnho . In: Heinrich Beck, Dieter Geuenich, Heiko Steuer (Eds.) Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde Vol. 15, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016649-6 , pp. 506–508
  10. ↑ Ludwig Rübekeil: Suebica - Völkernamen und Ethnos , Innsbruck 1992, pp. 64–70, 72