Black Pockau
| Black Pockau | ||
 The Schwarze Pockau south of the Nonnenfelsen between Kühnhaide and Pobershau |
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| Data | ||
| location | Saxony | |
| River system | Elbe | |
| Drain over | Flöha → Zschopau → Freiberger Mulde → Mulde → Elbe → North Sea | |
| Headwaters | in a high moor northeast of the Haßberg | |
| Source height | 890 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | in Pockau in the Flöha coordinates: 50 ° 42 ′ 18 " N , 13 ° 14 ′ 6" E 50 ° 42 ′ 18 " N , 13 ° 14 ′ 6" E
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| length | approx. 33 km | |
| Discharge at the Zöblitz A Eo gauge : 125 km². Location: 3.7 km above the mouth |
NNQ (08/14/1947) MNQ 1937–2014 MQ 1937–2014 Mq 1937–2014 MHQ 1937–2014 HHQ (08/13/2002) |
20 l / s 433 l / s 2.28 m³ / s 18.2 l / (s km²) 23.9 m³ / s 160 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Red Pockau | |
| Communities | Marienberg and Pockau-Lengefeld | |
The Schwarze Pockau ( Černá in Czech , also called Schwarzwasser ) is a left tributary of the Flöha in the Ore Mountains . The almost unobstructed torrent with a length of 33 km is known for its gorge in the middle section of the valley ( Kerbsohlental ).
The dark waters flowing in from the moors color the river dark. The name Pockau, which was mentioned in a similar form as early as 1292, probably comes from Czech and means opposite , i.e. water flowing north from Bohemia .
course
The Schwarze Pockau rises 890 m above sea level. NHN in a high moor northeast of the Jelení hora (Haßberg) in the Bohemian Ore Mountains. Here is also to Czech flowing Chomutovka (Assigbach).
After 500 meters it reaches the German-Czech border on the old connecting road between Přísečnice (Preßnitz) and Kalek (Kallich) and flows through the municipal pond . From now on it marks the state border up to and including Kühnhaide for a length of 13 km. In this section it passes the village statutes (the village Ulmbach (Jilmová), which was formerly opposite on the Bohemian side, was demolished after 1945) and Reitzenhain (the village Reizenhain (Pohraniční), which was formerly opposite on the Bohemian side, also became deserted ).
From the raft pond at the New World Mill in Reitzenhain, Reitzenhain's “Zeuggraben” channeled impact water from the Schwarzen Pockau to the former mines near Marienberg . At the eastern end of Kühnhaide, water is also diverted: the green ditch , which is suitable for walking , once carried impact water for mining on the Wildsberg near Pobershau . The village of Kienhaid (Načetín I), which was formerly opposite on the Bohemian side, was also abandoned. East of Kühnhaide, the river changes its main direction from northeast to north.
The adjoining valley to Kniebreche , the ravine-like Schwarzwassertal, is one of the most scenic German low mountain range valleys and is under nature protection ( NSG Schwarzwassertal ). In the southern section, a dam with 3.5 million m³ of storage space was planned around 1985 , which Kühnhaide would also have fallen victim to. However, the plans were abandoned.
Between Kühnhaide (750 m above sea level) and Neusorge (450 m above sea level) the block-rich river bed with the waterfalls rushing down from side valleys has cut deep into the gneiss of the desk-like tilted Ore Mountains (140 m gradient on 5 km river course). A remarkable geological outcrop, which shows the relationships between various gneiss groups in the Ore Mountains, is located southeast of Hinterer Grund on the rock face below the Vogeltoffelfelsen prospect (geotope board on the viewing platform).
When crossing this gorge-like section of the Schwarzwassertal, historically significant evidence of the settlement of the Ore Mountains is passed to the left and right of the bank or in the immediate vicinity. Thus, the dialed castles Nonnenfelsen and Liebenstein and with the latter probably related Wüstung Ullersdorf . Furthermore, steeply rising rocks (Teufelsmauer, Nonnenfelsen, Katzenstein and curtain wall) show the strong erosion effect of the river.
In the remote Hinterer Grund district of Pobershau , an artificial ditch feeds a hydropower plant. This is where the Pobershau nature conservation station is located, which has various offers for those interested in nature. The Rote Pockau flows into the Kniebreche near Rittersberg . From there it was only referred to as Pockau or Große Pockau in old maps.
To the north of the knee break on both sides of the course there are again historically significant evidence of settlement. On the right bank, near the town of Zöblitz , there is the now defunct Nidberg Castle on the lion's head rock , which rises more than 50 meters above the valley floor . On the left bank is the Schwedengraben deserted area , a former mining settlement.
At Niederlauterstein the Schwarze Pockau passes the ruins of Lauterstein Castle . Further north, the Knesenbach , which rises at the start, flows into the Lauterbach near the Strobel mill , where water power was also used at times. At Zöblitz there is a gauge from the Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology ; its current flow and water level readings are available on the Internet. In the municipality of Pockau the Schwarze Pockau finally flows into the Flöha .
use
Hydropower
In addition to the historical trenches built for mining, there are weir systems for the use of water power . The hydropower plants are in operation
- at river km 0.63 in Pockau, a flap and partly fixed weir with 500 m diversion section,
- at river km 2.37 near Pockau, a flap weir with 500 m diversion,
- Kniebreche at river km 8.11 in Rittersberg, a rubber weir 11.5 m wide and 2.3 m high, with 600 m diversion and a backwater of 70 m,
- Hinterer Grund at river km 12.5, a weir with 0.4 m height and 1000 m diversion and
- Grüner Graben at river km 19.9.
They are controversial because of their effects on the river bed and obstructing the passage of water, but only a part of the total of 29 transverse structures in the river bed.
Tourism and sport
Hiking and cycling are possible along the river and the Grünen Graben in the Schwarzwassertal.
The river is suitable for canoeing and white water rides . The “classic” 10 km long route between Hinterer Grund and Pockau without getting out is manageable even with relatively little water. On the other hand, a few kilometers of challenging white water between Kühnhaide (deployment site) and Hinterer Grund require high water levels.
Fishing is possible with a permit in the section from Pobershau to the confluence with the Flöha. The main fish species are rainbow trout , brown trout , brook trout , eel and various species of white fish .
Several rocks are used for climbing between Kühnhaide and Pobershau .
natural reserve
Since 2011, a large part of their valley has been designated as an area of community importance "Tal der Schwarzen Pockau" , ie it is protected as a natura 2000 or FFH area . From the raft pond near Reitzenhain to the confluence with the Flöha, the protected area extends over 720 hectares along the Schwarzen Pockau and its tributaries such as the Kroatenbach, Grüner Graben and Knesenbach. The "Schwarzwassertal" nature reserve established in 2003 and, in parts of it, the European bird sanctuaries "Flöhatal" and "Erzgebirgskamm bei Statut" are located in it.
Exceptional flood
- July 5, 1999 after a regional storm
- August 12, 2002 in connection with the floods on the Elbe and its tributaries
additional
For the Schwarze Pockau the name “Große Bockau” or “the black water” was previously used, for the Rote Pockau the name “the small Bockau or the red water”.
Individual evidence
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part I 2014. (PDF) State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, p. 150 , accessed on November 3, 2018 (from: lhw.sachsen-anhalt.de).
- ↑ Transverse structure database Saxony
- ^ Ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Council establishing the "Schwarzwassertal" nature reserve of December 18, 2003
- ↑ Ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Directorate for the determination of the area of community importance "Tal der Schwarzen Pockau" of January 31, 2011, Ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Council for the determination of the European bird sanctuary "Flöhatal" of November 2, 2006; therefore from Rittersberg including Knesenbach bird sanctuary
- ↑ Karl von Weber (Ed.): Archive for the Saxon History , Volume 5, Bernhard Tauchnitz Verlag, Leipzig 1867, p. 250 digitized
Web links
- Current water level at the measuring point Zöblitz / Schwarze Pockau
- Schwarzwassertal