Kalek

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Kalek
Coat of arms of Kalek
Kalek (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Chomutov
Area : 4869.6912 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 35 ′  N , 13 ° 19 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 34 ′ 42 ″  N , 13 ° 19 ′ 20 ″  E
Height: 700  m nm
Residents : 242 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 431 32
License plate : U
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Pavel Káš (as of 2007)
Address: Kalek 12
431 32 Kalek
Municipality number: 563111
Website : www.obec-kalek.cz
Location of Kalek in the Chomutov district
map

Kalek ( German  Kallich ) is a municipality in Okres Chomutov in the Czech Republic . It is located at about 700  m nm near the Erzgebirge ridge on the Czech-German border, which here marks the course of the wetlands .

Community structure

The municipality of Kalek consists of the districts Jindřichova Ves ( Heinrichsdorf ), Kalek ( Kallich ) and Načetín ( Natschung ). Basic settlement units are Gabrielina huť ( Gabriela huts ), Kalek, Načetín and Načetín I ( Kienhaid ).

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts Gabrielina Huť, Kalek, Načetín and Načetín u Kalku .

Neighboring places

Marienberg , Olbernhau
Hora Svatého Šebestiána (Sankt Sebastiansberg) Neighboring communities Brandov (Brandau), Hora Svaté Kateřiny (Sankt Katharinaberg)
Blatno (plates) Boleboř (Göttersdorf)

history

Center of Kalek
Renovated Church (2011)

In the beginning the village consisted of a few charcoal burner and lumberjack houses . This village does not have a village square. Rather, the houses were built along the street. The first proven settlement took place in connection with the mining of ores in 1579, when a hammer mill for the production of sheet metal was built here. The ore was mined in the place where today's church is located. The name Kalek ( Telczpach ) is mentioned for the first time in 1555 in the register of Rothenhaus ( Červený Hrádek ). Originally the place had two names: Langenhart (evidence from 1579; Nicolaus Lang von Langenhart was the owner of Rothenhaus after Christoph von Carlowitz ) and Kallich. Kalek is listed in the purchase contract of March 2, 1582 between Georg von Carlowitz and Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein . In the 17th century one speaks only of lime, which got its name from the lime mines in the area. The first limestone deposits were opened up by Franconian immigrants. They are essentially pre- Paleozoic marbles of the Rusova formation .

Most of the population was Protestant in the 16th century . At that time there was no church in the village, only a cemetery and a school. For many centuries, Kallich belonged to the domain of Rothenhaus ( Červený Hrádek ). After the owner Georg Popel von Lobkowicz , a sworn opponent of the Protestants, carried out a forced Catholicization in 1588 , many residents fled to Saxony . A wooden chapel was built in the place where mass was read by the pastor from Göttersdorf ( Boleboř ). The Thirty Years War also hit Kallich. As early as 1619 the army of Mansfeld passed through the village. A year later, Bavaria destroyed large parts of the village. The Swedes did the rest . Shortly before the end of the war in 1654, there were only 16 cottagers left in the village. Count Ferdinand Maximilian Hrzan von Harasov had the first stone church of St. Wenceslaus built, which was consecrated in 1702. The parish had the subsequent owner Heinrich Josef von Auersperg built in 1753 . His son Johann Adam built the baroque style hunting lodge in 1766 especially for the visit of Emperor Josef II on June 19, 1766.

In the years 1748–1753 the hammer mill was put into operation again. Small steel tools were produced. In 1749 the ironworks were relocated from Natschung to Kalek. At first business was bad and so the ironworks could not prevent the poverty that ravaged the Ore Mountains in 1770. Many people starved to death, plus typhus . In 1771 Johann Alexander von Rottenhan acquired the ownership of Rothenhaus. His son Heinrich Franz von Rottenhan took on the ironworks in Kallich, expanded them and they became the most important employer in the area. There was also a factory for the manufacture of nails. In addition to steel processing, Heinrich was also one of the pioneers in the introduction of the textile industry . In the village of Kallich he laid the foundation stone for the company for the production of toys and wooden items, such as a wood turning shop in 1784. Although the wood industry initially prospered, sales problems arose in the 19th century and the toy factory was finally closed in 1841.

The iron works were also very successful in the beginning. In 1787 there were 2 blast furnaces, 3 bar mills and hammer mills for tools. After Rottenhan's death, his daughter Gabriella took over the manor and married Count Georg Franz August von Buquoy . The iron works were expanded, new works such as Schmiedeberg were bought. The transport infrastructure was also expanded. In 1834 the road between Schmiedeberg, Preßnitz and Kallich was completed. The Kallich ironworks now had an ore press, a blast furnace , a foundry , a cupolo furnace, three forging presses, a bar press, a forge , a tin mill, a rolling mill and two puddling furnaces. In 1856 400 people worked in the factories. Food was provided by the authorities, the grain was ground in the manor mill and the ironworks had its own bakery. According to the Somerov topography, Kalek had 92 houses, 839 inhabitants and next to the church, the parish, the forester's house, excursion restaurants, 2 further restaurants, 4 mills, a customs station and a productive limestone quarry . The lime was also an essential flow improver in iron production.

The struggle for existence of the iron works in Kallich began in the middle of the 19th century. It was in vain. The new owner Krušnohorská železářská a ocelářská společnost in Komotau stopped production in 1874. There were repeated attempts to restart production, but the long transport routes, the falling price and the strong competition between the plants in Kladno and Ostrau ruined these efforts. After dismantling most of the factories, P. Netto tried to build a factory for enamel dishes in the remaining ones. The retraining of the older workers caused difficulties and workers were brought in from Bohemia and Poland . In addition to enamel and aluminum dishes, enamelled iron stoves were also built. Although the company was successful, it exported to Europe and Africa , it was again the long routes that made the company unprofitable. For example, the prevented construction of the railway line from Wurzmes via Görkau , Kalek to the Saigerhütte Grünthal as a continuation of the Schweinitztalbahn in Saxony heralded the end of industry. After Netto's death in 1909, his wife continued to run the company, which has now shrunk to 25 employees. In the years 1922–1924 the Ebupik company attempted to manufacture brushes and paint brushes, wooden cutlery and toys. Later the production was switched to kitchen utensils. Heinrich Bulin took over the plant in 1932 and managed it until 1948. After that it was nationalized.

A. Ihl opened a furniture factory in another building and Bruno Seifert from Natzschung ( Načetín ) opened a factory for the production of nails from wire.

In 1846 a school was built for children from Natzschung, Heinrichsdorf , Gabrielahütten ( Gabrielina Huť ) and Kienhaid . The post office was opened in 1866 and sometimes had to deal with up to 12,000 mail items a year. There was daily mail with Brandau and Rübenau in Saxony . The police station consisted of up to 6 officers who were mainly involved with smugglers . The doctor on site usually had to treat diseases of the respiratory organs and rheumatic complaints. Social life was exhausted in associations of farmers, veterans, in the funeral association and at the Kalek Volunteer Fire Brigade .

In the 1930s the German National Party of Bohemia gained influence and there were clashes with armed provocateurs of the party. This situation is also captured in the film “Uloupená hranice” shot in Kalek. In 1944 a camp was established in Heinrichsdorf, in which Czech men were locked up who had a Jewish wife.

The post-war events were dealt with with the support of the International Society for Human Rights . The expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia is now scientifically documented. In 2001 the expellees erected a memorial stone on the border in Rübenau.

In 1960 Kalek was united with Načetín and Jindřichova Ves . In addition to 20 permanently inhabited houses, there are 30 weekend houses in Kalek.

The relationship with the neighboring German community of Rübenau is good, where the bilingual kindergarten is gladly accepted. Many Czechs now commute to work there every day, and some have settled there.

Attractions

  • Church of St. Wenceslas (Kostel sv. Václava) from 1702 and cemetery with extensively preserved tombstones until 1946
  • Former hunting lodge

literature

  • Josef Kempf: The ironworks in Kallich. In: Yearbook for the Erzgebirge 2001, Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft Marienberg, Marienberg 2010, pp. 52–53

Web links

Commons : Kalek  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/563111/Kalek
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/563111/Obec-Kalek
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/563111/Obec-Kalek
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/563111/Obec-Kalek