Otvice
| Otvice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Chomutov | ||||
| Area : | 531.3621 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 29 ' N , 13 ° 27' E | ||||
| Height: | 323 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 663 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 431 11 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Jirkov - Havraň | ||||
| Railway connection: | Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Pavel Ašenbrener (as of 2009) | ||||
| Address: | Školní 95 431 11 Otvice |
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| Municipality number: | 563277 | ||||
| Website : | www.otvice.cz | ||||
| Location of Otvice in the Chomutov district | |||||
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Otvice (German Udwitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers northeast of the city center of Chomutov and belongs to the Okres Chomutov .
geography
Otvice is located at the southern foot of the Ore Mountains by the Hutní potok brook in the North Bohemian Basin . The Otvický potok rises north of the village. To the northeast are the reservoirs Zaječice and Újezd , in the south of the sunken remaining holes of mine dul Jana Žižky, southwest pond area where brook on Hutní Malý otvický rybník ( Haberl pond ), Prostřední otvický rybník ( Middle Pond ) and reservoir Otvice and the dischargeless Kamencové jezero ( alum lake ). The Chomutov Zoo is also to the southwest. In the south the Pesvický vrch ( Pößwitzer Berg , 357 m) and the Michanický vrch ( Michanitzer Berg , 367 m) rise . North of Otvice are the state road I / 13 / E 442 between Most and Chomutov and the Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov railway , where the Jirkov zastávka railway station is near Otvice .
Neighboring towns are Jirkov in the north, Zaječice in the northeast, Okořín in the east, Pesvice in the southeast, Údlice in the south and Chomutov in the southwest.
The surrounding towns of Újezd and Kyjice in the north-east fell victim to the construction of water reservoirs since the 1970s and Michanice to the south fell victim to lignite mining.
history
Some sources see the first mention of the place in reports about the campaign of Emperor Henry II against Bolesław I in the year 1004. Another mention in 1150 cannot be proven. The first secure proof of the existence of the village is a certificate of confirmation of the handover of the place by the brothers Friedrich and Dietrich von Schönburg to the commander of the Teutonic Order in Komotau from the year 1295. In 1368 the order built a small wooden church in Otvice, which was cared for by the parish in Pirken . After lengthy disputes with the Bohemian Crown, Wenceslaus IV took advantage of the order's weakness after the Battle of Tannenberg in 1410 and confiscated its property. In 1411 Wenceslaus expelled the order from the country. In March 1421 Otvice was plagued by the Hussites on their blood train against Komotau, and the following year by the imperial family who moved from Eger via Kaaden to Brüx and devastated the country. The Komotau dominion was pledged by the Bohemian Chamber , and since the 1470s the Lords of Weitmühl owned Otvice. In the course of the sale of the rule to Archduke Ferdinand II , a land register was created in 1560, in which 30 properties are recorded for Otvice. In 1571 Ferdinand II sold the rule to Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein . In 1579 he bought the Rothenhaus manor with the city of Jirkov and united both manors. In 1583 his son Bohuslav Joachim inherited the rule of Komotau. In 1588 he exchanged the rule with Georg Popel von Lobkowicz for Jungbunzlau and Kosmanos . The fanatical Catholic Georg Popel began to recatholicize his subjects and brought the Jesuits to Chomutov in 1589 to carry it out . After Georg Popel accused Emperor Rudolf II of breaking his word in the state parliament in 1593 , he fell out of favor and his goods were confiscated the following year. In 1605 the Bohemian Chamber divided the great rulership into four parts and sold it. Adam Herzan von Harras bought the share, which in addition to Rothenhaus, the town of Görkau and the Platten Castle, in addition to Otvice, also included 23 other villages . In 1619 his son Jan († 1631) inherited the Rothenhaus rule. During the Thirty Years War the village was ravaged and plundered by various troops. After the Swedes occupied the area in 1639, Queen Christina gave the rule to Major General of the Cavalry Axel Lillie von Leffstadt in the confidence of victory . In 1646 the rightful heir Jan Adam Herzan von Harras took over the rule. He was raised to the rank of imperial count in 1660. In the berní rula of 1654, 10 farmers, eight cottagers and three residents are shown for Otvice, a farm and eleven chalets were in desolation. The potters from Komotau and Oberdorf promoted their clay at Otvice at this time. In 1654 a drainage tunnel was driven from the Komotau alum mine to Zaječice. During the Thirty Years' War the parish in Pirken became extinct and from 1645 Otvice was parish changed to Jirkov. In place of the old church destroyed in the war, the Church of St. Barbara. In 1681 Ferdinand Maximilian Herzan inherited the property, which he left to his brother Ernst Karl († 1697) in 1696. The next owner was Sigismund Wilhelm Herzan, another brother of the deceased. In 1707 Johann Adam I. Andreas von Liechtenstein acquired the rule. He commissioned his administrator, Tempis, to look for further alum slate stores. The inclusion of the Christoph alum mine in 1712 led to a dispute with the Komotau alum union, which the von Weitmühl gentlemen had granted the privilege of mining alum in Komotau, Oberdorf and Udwitz. In 1720, in addition to the trade union alum smelter between Komotau and Görkau, there was another near Udwitz. After the lordly steward Tempis got into a swamp on a night ride home from Komotau Kretscham to Görkau and almost sank into it, he had a chapel built to thank his rescue. In 1760 the Jesuits set up a school in Udwitz. Heinrich Josef von Auersperg and his son Johann Adam in 1766 were other owners of the estate . In 1771 Johann Alexander von Rottenhan bought the rule. He handed it over to his son Heinrich Franz in 1777 . After the Jesuit ban of 1773, the school was funded by the student fund. In 1790 a French balloon pilot who had given a performance in Komotau crashed near Udlitz and caused panic among the residents. They armed themselves with pitchforks and shredded the supposed dragon . At the end of the 18th century, lignite mining began to a lesser extent. A new schoolhouse was built in 1801 with the support of the Rothenhaus rulers. In 1809 Marie Gabrielle von Rottenhan, the wife of Georg Franz August von Buquoy, inherited the paternal property. Georg von Buquoy had the Georg-Schacht lignite mine sunk. In May 1813, the first steam engine in the North Bohemian lignite mining area was used on the Georg shaft. The machine, designed by Georg von Buquoy himself and consisting of the sheet metal kettle and a wooden structure, was used to lift water from a depth of ten Freiberg pools. In 1846 Udwitz consisted of 51 houses and had 342 inhabitants. The inhabitants of the village lived mainly from agriculture, especially the cultivation of brewing barley. There was a manorial farm in Udvice.
After the abolition of patrimonial Udwitz / Pesvice formed from 1850 a political municipality in the Komotau district and the judicial district of Görkau . In the following time the coal mining gained more importance. There were two brickworks on the way to Zaječice. Some of the inhabitants went to work in the factories of Komotau and Görkau. North of the village, the double- track Komotau-Brüx-Aussig railway started operating in 1870 . In 1880 the Udwitz-Görkau train station was inaugurated. In 1878 the Baron Coudenhove leased the large estate. A cross was erected on the village square in 1880 to mark the centenary of the abolition of serfdom. Because of severe dilapidation, the St. Barbara Church was demolished in 1897 and the foundation stone for a new church was laid in 1902. At the beginning of the 20th century, numerous new houses were built in the community. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Udwitz belonged to the province of German Bohemia from November 1918 . The place was occupied by the Czechoslovak army shortly afterwards and in 1919 it was assigned to Czechoslovakia . In 1921 the number of houses in the village had doubled compared to 1890. In 1930 the community had 1,405 inhabitants, 1,325 of whom were Germans. In 1937 Rudolf zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg took over the management of the inherited property into his own hands. The population consisted predominantly of Germans, a Czech minority lived in the village. After the Munich Agreement , the community was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Komotau district until 1945 . In 1939 there were 1,342 people in Udwitz. After the Second World War, the place came back to Czechoslovakia. On August 7, 1945, the first 67 German families were expelled to Saxony via Křimov . On October 26, 1946, the expulsion was completed. In 1961 Pesvice was incorporated. Since the 1970s, the village was threatened with demolition due to lignite mining. The Tempis Chapel was demolished in 1976 during the construction of the new connecting road from Chomutov to Jirkov. In 1981 Všestudy was added as a district. In 1984 the Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov railway line was re -routed north of the village. The old station was closed and the Jirkov stop was built on the new route on the Otvice corridor. In 1990 Pesvice and Všestudy broke up again and formed their own communities. In 2009 the old station was demolished.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Otvice
Attractions
- Church of St. Barbara, built in 1902
- Water tower
- Stone crosses
