Jirkov
| Jirkov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Historical part of the country : | Bohemia | ||||
| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Chomutov | ||||
| Area : | 1712.7713 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 30 ' N , 13 ° 27' E | ||||
| Height: | 305 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 19,299 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 431 11 - 431 21 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: |
Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov Chomutov – Jirkov |
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| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Radek Štejnar (status: 2007) | ||||
| Address: | nám. Dr. E. Beneše 1 431 11 Jirkov 1 |
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| Municipality number: | 563099 | ||||
| Website : | www.jirkov.cz | ||||
| Location of Jirkov in the Chomutov district | |||||
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Jirkov (German Görkau ) is a town in the immediate vicinity of the district town of Chomutov (Komotau) in northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic .
geography
The city of Jirkov is located at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level. M. at the foot of the Ore Mountains in the south-western part of the brown coal basin of Most . Jirkov directly touches the district town of Chomutov in the south . The Bílina flows through the village .
The railway line from Chomutov to Děčín (Tetschen) or Ústí nad Labem (Aussig) runs not far from the village . To the east of the city are the reservoirs Újezd and Zaječice .
history
The city emerged as the outer bailey of the watch castle Borek, today Červený Hrádek , on the former landing stage called Meißener Landestor , which led from Upper Saxony (" Mark Meißen ") via Görkau and Laun ( Louny ) to Prague . The city was founded in 1296 during the reign of Přemysl Ottokar II .
Wilhelm von Illburg granted the place numerous rights in 1443. In 1455 Jirkov was promoted to town, according to other sources it was only King Wladislaw II of Bohemia who granted town charter in 1507. In 1516 Sebastian von Weitmühl got the property with the surrounding lands through marriage. The subsequent construction of the city fortifications was completed in 1590 . In 1531 and 1582 the plague epidemics hit the city. Jirkov suffered hardship after the defeat on White Mountain in 1620 , as the owners of the town, the Lords of Rothenhaus , had fought on the side of the losers. The new owners revoked all rights and forced the residents to adopt the Catholic faith. During the Thirty Years' War Görkau was pillaged and pillaged several times.
From the middle of the 19th century the community belonged to the Komotau district and was the seat of a district court in the Görkau judicial district .
One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria (later Austria ) since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of Saint-Germain awarded the disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population. With that Görkau, whose 5,830 inhabitants belonged to 94% of the German ethnic group in 1921, also fell to the new state. Measures in the interwar period such as the 1919 land reform, the 1926 language ordinance, the resettlements and new appointments of civil servants by members of the Czech ethnic group led to tensions in Görkau, but also in the country in general, and to the so-called Sudeten crisis . From 1933 the Sudeten German Home Front (since 1935 Sudeten German Party ) under the leadership of Konrad Henlein began to operate more intensively in the city; after the Munich Agreement , the Sudetenland was incorporated into the German Empire . 1938 and 1945 Görkau belonged to the district Chomutov , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland .
- Expulsion of German-speaking residents
After the end of the Second World War , the territories ceded in the Munich Agreement came back to Czechoslovakia and the German-speaking population of Görkau was expelled . Her property was confiscated by Beneš Decree 108 and the Catholic Churches of Görkau in Czechoslovakia expropriated . The Czech Republic made no compensation for the confiscated assets.
After the expulsion of the German-Bohemian residents, the city was settled with Czech people. In 2002 there were 21,006 inhabitants in the city.
Demographics
Until 1945 Görkau was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 1,559 | in 253 houses |
| 1843 | 1,890 | in 266 houses, including three Protestant and eleven Israelite families |
| 1900 | 4,611 | (as a municipality 5,821) German residents |
| 1930 | 6,639 | |
| 1939 | 6,340 |
| year | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Residents | 4,947 | 8,815 | 10,248 | 11,522 | 17,887 | 20,065 | 18,637 |
economy
Jirkov has been an important mining and handicraft town since the 16th century . It also had its own brewery. At the end of the 18th century the city experienced a further boom. Heinrich von Rottenhan made a particularly good contribution to the development of the industry (weaving mill, calico factory , ironworks ). In the 20th century, more mines , an electricity plant and a pipe rolling mill were added.
The Public transport is by podnik Dopravní měst Chomutova a Jirkova operated.
City structure
The town of Jirkov consists of the districts Březenec ( Pirken ), Červený Hrádek ( Rothenhaus ), Jindřišská ( Hannersdorf ), Jirkov ( Görkau ) and Vinařice ( Weingarten ). Basic settlement units are Březenec, Březový vrch, Červený Hrádek, Jindřišská, Jirkov-střed, Kozí hřbet, Nové Ervěnice, Nové Vinařice-jih, Nové Vinařice-sever, Nové Vinařni-sever, Nové Březenec, Nové Březenec rybníka, Údolí Bíliny, Za nádražím and Zátiší.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Březenec, Červený Hrádek u Jirkova, Jindřišská and Jirkov.
Twin cities
- Brand-Erbisdorf , Germany
- Solesino , Italy
Attractions
- Lady Chapel (Staré Vinařice), built 1767–1773
- Ornamental fountain from the second half of the 18th century
- Town hall, originally a Renaissance building, rebuilt after 1840
- Statue of St. Johann von Nepomuk , by Johann Brokoff from 1708
- Dechanate Church of St. Egidius - original church from around 1300, rebuilt in 1538
- City tower, added to St. Aegidius Church between 1540–1545
- Plague column with Pietà , by Johann Brokoff, after 1695
- Former synagogue , built 1846/47
- City cellar / ice cellar, viewing possible by arrangement
Personalities
- Ferdinand Maximilian Brokoff (1688–1731), sculptor
- Václav Jan Křtitel Tomášek (1774–1850), composer
- Emil Guntermann (1839–1918), 1st city councilor, member of the Bohemian state parliament
- Karl Kludský (1864–1927), circus owner
- Franz Jahnel (1892–1992), specialist teacher for instrument making in Schönbach and Markneukirchen as well as school councilor in Eger
- David Kämpf (* 1995), ice hockey player
literature
- Ernst Hennrich: The development of industry in Görkau. In: Erzgebirgs-Zeitung , 45th year, 1924, pp. 104–106; 129-130. ( Digitized version )
- Rudolf Pensler: History of the city of Görkau and the Rothenhaus castle . 1928. Ed .: Hans Hujer, Darmstadt 1989
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/563099/Jirkov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
- ^ Ernst Pfohl: Ortlexikon Sudetenland. Page 146. Helmut Preussler Verlag-Nürnberg. 1987. ISBN 3-925362-47-9
- ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 198.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 14: Saaz Circle , Prague 1847, p. 137, point 2).
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 478 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Komotau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/563099/Obec-Jirkov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/563099/Obec-Jirkov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/563099/Obec-Jirkov