Johann Alexander von Rottenhan

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Johann Karl Alexander von Rottenhan (* 23. April 1710 in Bamberg , Franconian Circle ; † 19 July 1791 ) was a landowner and promoter of economic development in western Bohemia , in 1771 by Emperor Joseph II. Von Habsburg-Lothringen in the realm baron and in 1774 raised to the rank of imperial count . The count's house Rot (t) enhan went out in 1886 in the name bearer tribe.

Life and origin

Johann Alexander Karl von Rottenhan was a son of the Imperial and Royal General Feldwachtmeister Joachim Ignatz von Rotenhan (* 1662) and his wife Maria Amalia, née Truchsess von Wetzhausen (* 1682).

He was a member of the old Franconian-Bavarian noble family Rotenhan , which derives his family name from the Rotenhan Castle (Rotenhagen) near Ebern in Lower Franconia, which was destroyed in a feud with the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Wolfram Wolfskeel von Grumbach in 1324 and from the 16th to the 18th century. Century in the knighthood of the cantons Baunach, Altmühl, Gebirg, Steigerwald and Neckar-Black Forest was enrolled .

The place Rottenhan near Lemberg (Lwiw) in Galicia is mistakenly mistakenly considered the eponymous headquarters of the Rotenhan from Lower Franconia in historical reports. This settlement of German colonists in the Gródek Jagielloński ( Horodok (Lwiw) ) district in Galicia - a crown land of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy after the first partition of Poland from 1772 to 1918 - was only given the place name "Rottenhan" in 1774, around Heinrich Franz Graf von Rottenhan , a son of Johann Alexander Karl Graf von Rottenhan and Austrian Minister of Justice, to honor and secure his protection.

family

Johann Alexander Karl von Rottenhan, owner of the Merzbach ( Untermerzbach ) lordship near Bamberg , married Maria Johanna Amalia von Sickingen († 1740), daughter of the Electorate Chamberlain and Minister Johann Ferdinand von Sickingen (1664–1719 ), to Bamberg in 1737 ). In 1747 the widower married Juliane Marschalk von Ostheim , a daughter of Ernst Friedrich Marschalk von Ostheim († 1730) and his wife Charlotte Katharina, née von Wintzigerode . Two sons came from the first marriage: Count Heinrich Franz von Rottenhan (born September 3, 1738 in Bamberg, sometimes by mistake in Lemberg; † 1809 in Vienna) and Count Heinrich Karl Wilhelm von Rottenhan (* 1739) and the son Graf from the second marriage Friedrich Christoph Philipp von Rottenhan (* 1749 - † 1798) and the three daughters Friederike Maria Charlotte (* 1752), Johanna Wilhelmine Susanne (* 1753) and Maria Karolina Eleonore (* 1754).

Life

He was appointed to succeed his father on December 19, 1733 by the Bishop of Bamberg as senior bailiff in the Zeil office. In 1751 he became vice cathedral administrator and in 1755 vice cathedral in Bamberg . At the same time he remained Oberamtmann in Zeil. In 1759 he rose to the rank of Oberhofmarschall and in 1761 he became chief steward and prime minister in the Bamberg monastery , which was the highest rank at the court. He carried the title of a privy councilor . On February 16, 1763 he received the (better paid) function of a district judge and senior bailiff in the office of Höchstadt and resigned as senior bailiff in Zeil and Vizedom. The position of senior bailiff in Zeil was initially assigned to other nobles and from April 23, 1772, was taken over by his brother Friedrich Christoph Philipp von Rotenhan (1749–1798).

The dominion of Rothenhaus in western Bohemia

In 1769 he sold the Neuhausen rule (Neuhausen auf den Fildern) and the Pfauhausen rule to the Speyer Monastery . In 1771 Rottenhan bought the Rothenhaus ( Červený Hrádek (Jirkov) ) manor from Johann Adam von Auersperg with the Rothenhaus ( Zamek Cerveny Hradek u Jirkov ) castle , the Sporitz manor ( Spořice ), the ironworks in Kallich ( Kalek ) near Görkau ( Jirkov) ), the mountain town of Platten ( Horní Blatná ), the mountain town of Sankt Katharinenberg ( Hora Svate Kateriny ), the places Pößwitz ( Pesvice ), Udwitz ( Otvice ) and Tschernitz (Cernice) in the Ore Mountains near Saaz ( Žatec ) in Bohemia . At that time there was famine, typhoid epidemics and unemployment. In order to alleviate the poverty of the places in hereditary subservience and to promote profitability, he tried to find outlets for the bobbin lace , nativity figurines and Christmas tree decorations made in homework . He switched iron production in Kallich and Platten to manufacturing operations for everyday objects made of metal and wood. On the basis of the hand-weaving mills in the city of Saaz and the surrounding area, industrial cotton and linen production developed in the period that followed.

In 1788, Count Rottenhan handed over the rulership of Rothenhaus to his older son from his first marriage, Heinrich Franz von Rottenhan, who continued his father's work. He founded the ironworks "Gabrielahütten" ( Gabrielina Hut ) in the Ore Mountains. Together with the spa doctor Bernhard Adler , he ran the expansion of the spa town of Franzensbad .

His granddaughter Gabriela Maria von Rottenhan (* 1774) inherited the Rothenhaus rule in her marriage to Georg Franz August von Buquoy , Baron de Vaux the Elder (1781-1851).

literature

  • J. Siebmacher's large book of arms. Volume 30, The Coats of Arms of the Bohemian Nobility. Bauer and Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, reprographic reprint of Siebmacher's Wappenbuch, Nuremberg IV. Volume, 9th section. 1886, ISBN 3-87947-030-8 .
  • Biographical Lexicon for the History of the Bohemian Lands, Volume III (N - Sch). published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum by Ferdinand Seibt , Hans Lemberg and Helmut Slapnicka, Rottenhan Munich, Munich 2000, ISBN 3-486-55973-7 , pp. 523-524 with further references.
  • Procházka novel : Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 1973; Rottenhan in Böhmen, pp. 258–259, with further references, ISBN 3-7686-5002-2 .
  • Isabel Röskau-Rydel: German history in Eastern Europe - Galicia Bukowina Moldau. Siedler, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-88680-206-X . (Section: Settlement of German colonists. Pp. 22–38; Foundation of Rottenhan in Galizien . Pp. 32, 35)
  • Gerhard Köbler : Historical lexicon of the German countries. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present. 6th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , p. 534.

Individual evidence

  1. Claus Fackler: Stiftsadel und Geistliche Territorien 1670-1803, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8306-7268-5 , p. 87.
  2. ^ Finding aid B 126 d S State Archives Ludwigsburg