Bernhard Adler

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Bernard Vincenz Adler

Bernhard Vinzenz Adler (born September 12, 1753 in Eger ; † August 5, 1810 in Franzensbad ) was a Bohemian doctor and founder of the seaside resort of Franzensbad in western Bohemia.

Life

Adler was born as the son of Caspar Adler, citizen, white tanner, councilor and community elder of the city of Eger and Margaretha Sibylla, née. Vetterl, the daughter of the Eger citizen and Lohrot tanner master Johann Isaak Vetterl, was born and baptized the following day with the first name Bernard Vincenz Ferrerius.

As a graduate of the high school of the city of Eger in western Bohemia, he studied medicine at the University of Vienna, supported by grants from foundations of the city of Eger. In 1782 the doctorate to Dr. med. with the dissertation De acidulis Egranus . In this chemical-medical treatise, he referred to the healing power of the medicinal and gas springs rising up near Schlada near Eger in a swampy, mineral-rich moorland, traversed by the meanders of the Schladabach.

Adler's first marriage was in Eger on January 13, 1785 Margaretha Haitzer (1767–1795), daughter of the citizen and white baker Christoph Haitzer in Eger and Magdalena, née. Sorgner. From this marriage there were four daughters and two sons. After the death of his first wife, who died of slime on October 13, 1795, he married Rosalia (* 1763), widow of the citizen and soap maker Sigismund Besmeth, in Eger on July 24, 1796. No children are known from this marriage.

founding

After a short practice as a doctor in Vienna, Bernhard Adler was appointed city ​​physician by the city council of Eger in 1783 , shortly thereafter as district physician and in 1793 as well doctor. He is considered to be the founder of the health resort Franzensbad, which developed with the support of Heinrich Franz Graf von Rottenhan near the town of Schlada. This was initially called Kaiser-Franzensdorf, named after the Austrian Emperor Franz II of Habsburg-Lothringen (1768–1835), was renamed Kaiser-Franzensbad in 1807 and was called after the end of the First World War and the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy from 1918 Franzensbad. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the city name was translated into the Czech language.

In 1808, Bernhard Adler had the gas spring, known from ancient times as "the Polterer", in 1811 the cold spring and the Louisen spring, in 1816 the salt spring and in 1820 the meadow spring . He promoted the expansion of existing spa facilities and accommodations for those seeking healing and promoted the redesign of the swampy moorland with paths and footbridges to well-known springs from which water was drawn and brought to Eger for sale according to old law. When Adler wanted to restrict this right to create, in 1791 the often mentioned "Egerer Weibersturm" occurred. The women who made their living from scooping, transporting and selling the water in Eger fought bitterly against his plans. They felt that their water carrier rights were being deprived of them and they destroyed the facility. The town council of Eger intervened and made it possible to continue the expansion as a health resort.

The result was a demanding recreational area with impressive spa facilities, easily accessible from the city of Eger. Among his most famous guests of the early days were Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1783–1832), about whose stays in Franzensbad Johannes Urzidil reported in detail in the book Goethe in Böhmen (1932, revised 1962 and 1965), and Ludwig van Beethoven (1778–1827) ) accompanied by Antonia Brentano and her family. Numerous, mainly Russian aristocrats as patients of Franzensbad's fountain doctors Anton Alois Palliardi, Paul Cartellieri (1807–1881), Lorenz Köstler von Stromberg (1807–1880) and Josef Cartellieri (1849–1909) consolidated Franzensbad's reputation as an exclusive bathing resort and its fame began to fade after the end of World War I in 1918. Adler died as the Royal Imperial Councilor on August 9, 1810 of dropsy of the breast in Franzensbad No. 5.

coat of arms

Coat of arms in honor of the founder and the sponsor

Kaiser-Franzensbad, part of the spa triangle Karlsbad , Marienbad and Franzensbad, the three famous health resorts of the Egerland, received full city ​​rights in 1865 and adopted the previous town seal as the city's coat of arms. The coat of arms reminded of the founder of Franzensbad, Bernhard Vinzenz Adler and Heinrich Franz Graf von Rottenhan (1737-1809), the promoter of the development of the spa by the state government in Prague at the time of its creation.

The coat of arms of the city of Franzensbad from the city ​​elevation in 1852 is divided diagonally. The right half shows a wavy bar in green, symbolizing a silver wavy river, towards which several rays as source rivers strive from the top right. The left half shows a black eagle in honor of Bernhard Adler, which holds the Aesculapian staff in its claws as a symbol of healing. In the lower half there is a red rooster, in memory of Heinrich Franz Graf von Rottenhan († 1809), large landowner in West Bohemia, Colonel Burgrave of the Kingdom of Bohemia and Minister of Justice, in recognition of his benevolent contribution to the establishment of Franzensbad.

The inscription of the coat of arms reads: "CONCORDIA PARVAE RES CRESCUNT" (Small things grow through harmony) and is similar to the coat of arms of the Franconian noble family Rottenhan. In 1902, the Planting and Beautification Association erected a memorial created by Karl Wilfert the Elder in honor of Bernhard Vinzenz Adler in front of the central pavilion of the colonnade at the salt and meadow spring.

literature

  • Egerer Landtag e. V. (Hrsg.): Heimatkreis Eger - History of a German landscape in documentaries and memories. Amberg 1981, p. 554.
  • Biographical lexicon on the history of the Czech lands. published on behalf of the Collegium Carolinum . Volume 1, Munich / Vienna 1970, p. 4.
  • Viktor Karell : The Egerland and its world baths. 1966.
  • Josef Weinmann: Egerländer Biographical Lexicon . Volume 1, Männedorf / ZH 1988, p. 43.
  • Lorenz Schreiner (Ed.): Monuments in Egerland. Documentation of a German cultural landscape between Bavaria and Bohemia . Amberg 2004, pp. 596-607.
  • Roman Freiherr von Prochazka : Genealogischies manual of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, Rottenhan, pp. 258 and 259.
  • Siebmacher's Great Book of Arms. Volume 30: The coats of arms of the Bohemian nobility. Neustadt an der Aisch 1979, Rottenhan, p. 163 and 164

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Death register Ober Lohma / Franzensbad 1799-1810, fol. 6: The noble bored Mr. Bernard Adler, Medicinae Doctor and local well doctor, died on August 9, 1810 in Franzensbad No. 5, 56 years old, of dropsy of the breast, buried the 11th. August 1811 by Karl Hornik, pastor
  2. ^ Baptismal register Eger 1746–1756, fol. 178-rear
  3. ^ A b Severin Corsten: Handbook of the historical book inventory. Volume 12: Bavaria IR. Georg Olms Verlag, 1996, ISBN 3-487-09586-6 , p. 58. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  4. ↑ Franzensbad. ( Memento from July 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: bad-soden.de
  5. ↑ Franzensbad - Czech Republic - Teletour Online - Hotel REZA Františkovy Lázně. (No longer available online.) In: hotelreza.franzensbad.de. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015 ; accessed on January 2, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Adler, Bernhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Adler, Bernhard Vinzenz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian doctor and founder of the seaside resort Franzensbad in western Bohemia
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH Eger
DATE OF DEATH August 1810
Place of death Eger