Hora Svaté Kateřiny
| Hora Svaté Kateřiny | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Historical part of the country : | Bohemia | ||||
| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Must | ||||
| Area : | 1845.8981 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 36 ' N , 13 ° 26' E | ||||
| Height: | 645 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 453 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 435 46 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Lukas Pakosta (as of 2015) | ||||
| Address: | Dlouhá 261 435 46 Hora Svaté Kateřiny |
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| Municipality number: | 567167 | ||||
| Website : | www.horasvatekateriny.cz | ||||
| Location of Hora Svaté Kateřiny in the Most district | |||||
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Hora Svaté Kateřiny ( German Katharinaberg ) is a town in the Aussiger region in the Czech Republic .
geography
location
Hora Svaté Kateřiny is located in the north-western part of the country - around 90 km northwest of the state capital Prague and around 45 km southeast of Chemnitz in the Bohemian Ore Mountains , 680 m above sea level. The community is located directly on the border with Saxony, across from Deutschkatharinenberg , a district of Deutschneudorf , from which it is separated by the Schweinitz or with which it is connected by a border crossing.
City structure
The town of Hora Svaté Kateřiny consists of the districts Hora Svaté Kateřiny (Sankt Katharinaberg) , Malý Háj (Kleinhan) and Rudolice v Horách (Rudelsdorf) . Basic settlement units are Hora Svaté Kateřiny, Malý Háj, Rudolice v Horách and Svahová I. The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Hora Svaté Kateřiny, Malý Háj, Rudolice v Horách and Svahová I. The settlement of Pachenkov (Pachenkov) also belongs to .
Neighboring places
| Brandov (Brandau) | Olbernhau | |
| Kalek (Kallich) |
.svg)
|
Deutschneudorf |
| Boleboř (Göttersdorf) | Nová Ves v Horách (Mountain New Village) |
history
The original name of the city was Halleberg, which can be traced back to Kupferhall , a name for an old mine . According to a legend, the name was changed to St. Katharinaberg (also Katterberg) when silver ore was found while mowing the grass .
It was first mentioned in 1443 as the property of the Lords of Ileburg, who resided at Rothenhaus . In 1462 Albrecht von Kompas is listed, and in 1473 Lorenz Glatz von Altenhorst bought the mines. He opened the mines Beim Reichen Geschiebe , Eliasgang and Georgi , where he had a smelter built. The place experienced an upswing after silver finds in the 16th century. Although the ore deposits were not productive, the mining was worthwhile mainly through further discoveries of copper, tin and lead. The silver mines were on the eastern slope of the village and copper mines in the northwest. There were other smaller camps south of the city. Gold was panned and iron and alum were mined nearby .
After Lorenz Glatz's death in 1516, his sister Anna took over the inheritance, the wife of Sebastian von Weitmühl . After a new silver discovery in 1517, he divided Kupferhall in Katharinaberg from his remaining possessions and gave him a privileged position. In 1528 Katterberg was elevated to a royal mountain town . In 1554 Weitmühl sold his Rothenhaus estate to Christoph von Carlowitz . In 1577 Katharinaberg became the property of Bohuslav von Michelsberg and eight years later the lords of Lobkowicz . After the property of Georg Popel von Lobkowicz was confiscated, it became the property of Emperor Rudolf II. The first church was probably built between 1556 and 1590. At that time the city consisted of about 177 houses and had up to 2500 inhabitants. In 1605 the lands were sold to Adam Herzan von Harras . He was the first to shut down the ore smelting works that had been in operation until then . The copper was then brought to Saxony, where it was processed further in the Saigerhütte Grünthal built in 1537 . In 1607 the construction of the Protestant church began, which was consecrated on October 17, 1611. Under the rule of the Hrzan von Harasov , the privileges of the mining towns and miners were abolished and the residents were burdened with taxes and compulsory labor. But even the interventions of Emperors Rudolf II and Ferdinand II with regard to the privileged class did not help much. Hrzan locked men up because they didn't want to do labor. They were released because of the imperial intervention, but they were flogged beforehand. Eventually the smelter was also closed. Mining declined due to the disinterest of the Harras. Linen production emerged as a new branch of industry. In 1627 there was forced Catholicization. The Jesuits from Dux took over the patronage of the now Catholic Church in 1632.
During the Thirty Years' War , Wallenstein's soldiers marched through the city, 200 musketeers stayed until autumn and then took the entire stock of brass with them. The city was left without grain and food. The population starved through the winter. Bands of robbers formed in the area and looted 44 houses during the winter and set them on fire. Epidemics followed in 1633. In 1631 16, 1632 61, 1633 216, 1634 35 and 1635 17 people died. In 1636 there were seven deaths.
Another outbreak of epidemics in 1680 further decimated the population. In 1681 Katharinaberg had 55 fewer families. They died out or were relocated due to the religious wars. Of the former 177 houses, only 70 houses were still inhabited, 65 fire ruins stood next to them. On October 8, 1707, Johann Adam I. Andreas von Liechtenstein bought the property, which he passed on to his daughter Maria Dominica.
In addition to canvas manufacture, another branch of industry grew up, the manufacture of hosiery and knitwear. Most of the time, the residents of the Waldsteiner cloth factory in Oberleutensdorf delivered . In the period that followed, mining flourished until the end of the 1760s. In 1759 the Prussians attacked Katharinaberg and demanded a ransom of 1000 thalers. They kidnapped the mayor, the pastor and the councilors as pledge. The mine treasury was also robbed. In total they took 2,915 guilders and 58 kroner with them. Katharinaberg was attacked by the Prussians a total of 14 times, resulting in damage of 21,763 guilders.
In 1771 Johann Adam von Auersperg sold the castle and the Rothenhaus estate to Johann Alexander von Rottenhan. Six years later he passed it on to his son Heinrich Franz von Rottenhan , whose daughter Gabrielle Georg married Franz August von Buquoy . In 1786 mining was shut down and new sources of income were sought. Agriculture was never particularly pronounced in Katharinaberg. In 1654 there were 29 cottagers, in 1719 20, and in 1900 only 7 families were farming. In addition, livestock and forestry were operated. Most families went to work in Saxony or in the nearby Brandau .
In 1850, Katharinaberg became the seat of the district court ( judicial district Katharinaberg ), notary's office, tax office, post and telegraph office, a police station and a customs office. In 1874 a technical school for woodworking professions was added to the four-class school. It was founded at the instigation of August Seifert, the owner of the Oberleutensdorf company C. A. Müller & Co., and served to train skilled workers in the prosperous wood industry. Five years later it was moved to Ober Leutensdorf. The wooden toy sales cooperative Eros was founded . In 1904 there was a fire in which 44 houses were destroyed.
In 1930, 1,544 people lived in Katharinaberg, 98.2% of them Germans. 10% of the population worked in agriculture, 17% were merchants, 8% civil servants and 65% workers. After the Munich Agreement in 1938, Katharinaberg came to the German Reich , where it was assigned to the district of Brüx in the Reichsgau Sudetenland , district of Aussig .
After the end of the Second World War, the German residents were expelled . The city on the ridge of the Ore Mountains remained depopulated and lost its town charter. Today the place lives mainly from tourism and border tourism. Since April 2nd, 2008 Hora Svaté Kateřiny is a town again.
After plans by the Czech government to expand the nearby open-cast mine, which could potentially damage the city's road connection, the city's mayor announced the possibility of attempting a connection to Germany to counteract these plans . Due to the city's location in the immediate vicinity of the border, this would be an option, also because a large part of the traffic already crosses the border. The former Foreign Minister of the Czech Republic, Karel Schwarzenberg , called the situation dangerous and said: "Just as Donetsk and Luhansk cannot leave Ukraine, Hora Svaté Kateřiny cannot leave the Czech Republic."
The Nicolai tunnel Hora Svaté Kateřiny is a selected site for the proposed candidacy for the UNESCO World Heritage Ore Mountains Mining Region .
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1826 | 850 | German-speaking Catholics |
| 1830 | 1246 | in 234 houses |
| 1845 | 1512 | in 247 houses |
| 1857 | 1559 | |
| 1869 | 1711 | |
| 1880 | 1623 | |
| 1890 | 1561 | |
| 1900 | 1550 | German residents |
| 1910 | 1721 | |
| 1921 | 1533 | |
| 1930 | 1544 | |
| 1939 | 1472 |
| year | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 | 1980 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
| Residents | 338 | 448 | 398 | 398 | 275 | 330 | 445 |
Attractions
- A 16 m high observation tower from 1902 (720 m above sea level at the base of the tower) on the Rosenberg (Růžový vrch), restored in 2002
- Anton Günther memorial stone next to the observation tower
- Baroque church, originally built on June 15, 1556
- Sand sculpture Pieta
sons and daughters of the town
- Gerhard Grimmer (* 1943), cross-country skier
- Christa Matschl (* 1943), member of the Bavarian State Parliament (CSU) from 1998 to 2013
- Walter Hoyer (* 1944), professor at the TU Chemnitz
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/567167/Hora-Svate-Kateriny
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Mayor of the city of Hora Svate Kateriny
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 10, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 747 .
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/567167/Obec-Hora-Svate-Kateriny
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/567167/Obec-Hora-Svate-Kateriny
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/567167/Obec-Hora-Svate-Kateriny
- ↑ http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-news-from-elsewhere-30999101
- ↑ Laurenz Albert Diask and FA Mussik: Complete outline of a topography of the Saaz District in the Kingdom of Bohemia . Prague 1829, p. 579 .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 198, paragraph 10) below.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 14: Saazer Kreis , Prague 1846, pp. 144-146, paragraph 34).
- ↑ Maximilian Dormizer and Edmund Schebek: The employment relationships in the Bohemian Ore Mountains . Prague 1862, p. 6 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on January 24, 2016 (Czech).
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx (Czech. Most). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).