Okres must

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Okres must
Kraj Ústecký kraj
surface 467.09  km²
Inhabitants
 •  Population density 		112,049 ( January 1, 2019 )
250 inhabitants / km²
Municipalities
 • of which cities
 • of which Městyse 		26
6
0
LAU 1 CZ0425
Vehicle registration number
(issued until 2001) 		MO
Location of the Okres Most

The Okres Most (District of Brüx) was a local authority in the Ústecký kraj in the Czech Republic . The Okresy were comparable in size to the districts in Germany and were dissolved as local authorities on December 31, 2002.

With an area of ​​467 km², it was the second smallest district in the district. In the north it bordered with the Ore Mountains on Germany, the other internal borders formed Okres Chomutov , Okres Louny and Okres Teplice . In the Okres there were only 26 municipalities with 75 districts, including six cities. This is in large part because many places have had to give way to mining. 112,049 inhabitants live in Mostecko (as of January 1, 2019), around 90% of them in the cities.

Geographical location

Brüx pan of Langewiesen seen from

The area consists of three geographical units: in the north the Ore Mountains , in the southeast foothills of the Bohemian Central Mountains and in the southwest Žatecká plošina. Mostecká kotlina in the form of a pan, which belongs to the North Bohemian Basin , forms the center. There is a difference in altitude between 250 and 900 meters between the valley and the ridge of the Ore Mountains. The highest point is the Loučná mountain, 956 m above sea level, and the lowest is the foot of the Bořeň mountain, 204 m above sea level, where the Bílina leaves the region. It consists of the main river of the district with its tributary Srpina.

climate

The climate is quite warm, the average temperature is 8.4 to 8.8 ° C, the amount of precipitation is low at 500 mm. Due to its diverse shape, fog often forms. Most of the forest is covered with trees that can cope with the difficult conditions ( birch , ash , rowan, alder , beech , spruce and pine ).

Nature reserves

The occurrence of natural resources had a negative impact on agriculture. Only 30% of the land can be used for agriculture, the lowest value in the district. In 1969 the Jezerka nature reserve was proclaimed to protect the geobiological zones of the deciduous forest areas and the rocky landscape around the Jezerka mountain (706 m above sea level). The nature reserve Černý rybník (1993) is located near the place Klíny . Its water surface is at an altitude of 805 meters; the reserve protects the character of a mountain body of water. The moor layers extend to a depth of seven meters. There is also a rich flora here.

environment

However, the large deposits of natural resources had a negative impact on the environment in the district. During the communist regime, coal mining was also the raw material supplier for the energy industry. The coal-fired electricity works, but also the chemical works near Záluží , caused enormous damage to the forests, especially in the 1970s, and forest decline reached unprecedented levels, especially in the sensitive climate of the Ore Mountains. In some cases, entire forest areas died and the mountain ridges consisted only of dried-up meadows. Only through reforestation and the use of new technologies did the environmental conditions improve in the last few decades. Between 1945 and 1985, around 130 industrial operations in the area were shut down as a result of coal mining. In addition, eighty towns and the entire old town of the district capital Most (Brüx) had to give way to coal mining. In the last few decades the prospects for the use of lignite have deteriorated and many heavy industry companies have been closed. As a result, there was the highest unemployment in the whole of the Czech Republic. Attempts are currently being made to attract investors by qualifying employees and designating industrial zones.

A prerequisite for the economic and social development of the region is the modernization and construction of the transport links between the economic centers. These include the completion of the motorway network, the expansion of the trunk roads and the rail network and the connection to Germany .

tourism

Mining also had an impact on the environment and thus on the landscape and tourism. Attempts to revise this through administrative measures since the mid-1990s have for a long time shown little success. Only recently has some progress been made in the recultivation of nature in agriculture through fruit growing, forestry and viticulture. In the Ore Mountains, tourism was boosted somewhat by winter sports and the construction of hiking and cycling trails. The area still has few historical treasures.

Attractions

  • The most important sight is the deanery church in Most , which was saved from demolition . This was moved over 841 m from the former old town to its current location in 1977, an exhibition in the church provides information about it. Well-known excursion destinations are also the Hněvín Castle on the nearby Castle Hill, as well as the Autodrom and the racecourse.
  • Horní Jiřetín (Georgenthal) was a famous pilgrimage site on the Saxon trade route . The first written evidence comes from the 13th century. Emperor Franz Joseph I even named it a city. Today the baroque church Nanebevzetí Panny Marie with a baroque parish is located in the municipality .
  • Jezeří Castle , which was originally a Gothic castle and has belonged to the Lobkowicz family since the Battle of White Mountain . In the 19th century it was the center of cultural life in the region.
  • In Litvínov there is the Valdštejnský zámek chateau from the first half of the 18th century with an English-style chateau park. After the Second World War, the so-called Kolektivní dům (Collective House) also called Koldům was built. At that time, the complex represented the new way of living with fully equipped apartments and all the necessary services. UNESCO is also interested in the building because of its originality .

cities and communes

Cities and towns in the Okres
Bečov Hochpetsch
Bělušice Bieloschitz
Braňany Prohn
Brandov Brandau
Český Jiřetín Georgendorf
Havraň Hawran
Hora Svaté Kateřiny Sankt Katharinaberg
Horní Jiřetín Obergeorgenthal
Klíny Goehren
Korozluky Kolosoruk
Lišnice Lischnitz
Litvínov Oberleutensdorf (City)
Lom fracture
Louka u Litvínova Meadow
Lužice Luschitz
Malé Březno Kleinpriesen
Mariánské Radčice Maria Ratschitz
Meziboří Schönbach
Must Brus (City)
Nová Ves v Horách Gebirgsneudorf
Obrnice Obernitz
Patokryye Patokrey
Polerady Pole wheel
Skršín Skirschina
Volevčice Wolepschitz
Želenice Sellnitz

history

Archaeological finds in the Most region
The region of Brüx was inhabited since the Middle Stone Age (8300 to 5500 BC), especially in the area around the Kummersee. Other finds come from the younger Stone Age (5500 to 4200 BC), the Bronze Age and the time of Roman rule. The first written evidence comes from the 12th century.

Period Period Locations
Paleolithic until 8000 BC Chr. Bečov, komořany, Kamenná Voda , Záluží
Mesolithic 8000 to 5500 BC Chr. Komořany, Souš
Neolithic 5500 to 4000 BC Chr. Most, Libkovice
Enolite 4000 to 2000 BC Chr. Souš, Čepihory, Konobrže, Souš, Patokryje, Dřínov , Dolní Jiřetín , Komobrže, Most, Obrnice
Bronze age 2000 to 800 BC Chr. Kamená Voda, Konobrže, Kopisty, Libkovice, Malé Březno, Most, Obrnice, Statinice, Třebušice
Iron age 800 BC BC to AD 600 Bečov, Hořany, Konobrže, Libkovice, Kamená Voda, Konobrže, Mariánské Radčice, Most, Nemilkov, Skršín, Stránces, Střinice
Early Middle Ages 600 AD to 1200 AD Komořany, Kopisty, Malé Březno, Most, Vršany, Židovice

Places in Okres Most according to the year of their first written mention

11th century
Most 1040 - Kopisty 1057 - Liběšice 1057

12th century
Skršín 1100 - Libkovice 1186

13th century
Bylany 1203, Odolice 1203, Svinčice 1207, Lužice 1226, Lipětín 1227, Slatinice 1227, Velebudice 1227, Bělušice 1231, Bedřichův Světec 1238, Ervěnice 1238, Ves Svatého Václava 1238, Braňany 1250, Čnerskany 1250, Komořeskany 1250, Komořeskany 1250 1263, Dolní Jiřetín 1263, Střimnice 1276, Nemilkov 1280, Havraň 1281, Saběnice 1281, Obrnice 1282, Zahražany 1283, Vtelno 1285, Louka 1289, Rudolice nad Bilínou 1298

14th century
Želenice 1307, Souš 1312, Korozluky 1326, Bečov 1327, Čepirohy 1331, Dobrčice 1333, Moravěves 1333, Růžodol 1333, Volevčice 1333, Záluží 1333, Lom 1341, Marianské Radčice 1341, Kopřidje 135041, Florečany 1346, Vrášany 1346 1350, Albrechtice 1352, Holešice 1352, Horní Jiřetín 1352, Horní Litvínov 1352, Sedlo 1352, Klíny 1355, Jezeří 1365, Chanov 1368, Malé Březno 1369, Lišnice 1380, Chrámce 1381, Milá 1381, Židovice 1381, Sky, Janov 1391 Třebušice 1391, Hořany 1396, Konobrže 1394, Chudeřín 1398, Dolní Litvínov 1398, Lounice 1398, Meziboří (Šenbach) 1398, Patokryje 1400

15th century
Černice 1409, Zaječice 1413, Mníšek 1425, Stránce 1437, Kamena Voda 1450, Vysoké Březno 1460, Hora Svaté Kateřiny 1480, Kaňkov 1495

16th century
Dřínov 1542, Brandov 1549, Loučná 1549, Malý Háj 1549, Lesná 1564, Nová Ves v Horách 1564, Dvorů 1565, Šumná 1570, Hamr 1583, Horní Ves 1583, Rašov 1583, Křižatky 1585, Český Jiřetín 1596, Mikulovice 1599

17th century
Rudolice v Horách 1606, Zelený Důl 1606, Písečná 1654

18th century
Plán 1787, Sedlec 1787

19th century
Mariánské Údolí 1845

Population development in the communes of Okres Most 1869–1921

Municipality / year 1869 1890 1910 1921
Albrechtice 467 442 711 715
Braňany 239 353 810 973
Čepirohy 246 380 420 525
Černice 258 346 463 536
Dolní Jiřetín 591 2,361 3,283 3162
Chudeřín 355 581 3,690 3,463
Ctrnáct Dvorců 198 476 558 370
Dolní Litvínov s Lipětín 832 2,614 3,726 2,761
Dřínov 193 257 1,387 1,580
Ervěnice 980 1,975 3,579 4,028
Hamr 365 481 818 883
Horní Jiřetín 1,323 1,960 3,258 3,150
Horní Litvínov 3,225 5,967 9,842 9,429
Hořany 333 605 813 893
Janov 644 996 1,282 1,253
Kopisty 816 2,004 5,073 5,201
Konotrže 164 182 1,028 1,113
Komořany 450 1,512 2,269 2,293
Libkovice 424 607 1,434 1,794
Lom 793 1,855 8,841 8,806
Loučná 355 488 1,030 887
Louka 357 535 2,056 887
Mariánske Radčice 39 456 915 1.007
Must 6,487 15,247 26,208 27,785
Rudolica nad Bílinou 132 245 318 389
Růžodol 111 211 1,079 1,272
Skýřice 126 136 277 325
Souš 378 2,655 4,082 4,326
Střmice - 353 511 546
Třebušice 253 920 1,625 1,624
Záluží 435 1,487 4,051 375

Places liquidated because of coal mining

Albrechtice u Mostu , Braňany (partial liquidation) Bylany , Čepirohy (partial liquidation) Čtrnáct Dvorců, Dolni Jiřetín , Dolni Litvinov , Dřínov u Komoran , Ervěnice , Fláje (construction of a dam), Holešice , Hořany , Jezeří , Kamenná Voda , Komořany , Konobrže , Kopisty , Libkovice , Lipětín , Most (old town) , Pařidla , Rudolice nad Bílinou , Růžodol , Skyřice , Slatinice , Souš , Stránce , Střmice , Třebušice , Velebudice , Vršany , Záluží , Židovice

Monuments in Okres Most that were removed after 1962

  • Albrechtice - Church of All Saints (Kostel Všech Svatých)
  • Dolní Jiřetín - workers' colony 107-119, Church of St. Nicholas (Kostel Svatého Mikuláše), town hall
  • Dřínov - Chapel of St. Nepomuk
  • Holešice - Church of St. Nicholas (kostel sv. Mikuláše)
  • Hořany - the area of ​​the chateau, chateau chapel of St. Blazeje (Kapela sv.Blažeje)
  • Jezeří - chateau area with chateau park, forester's house
  • Kopisty - Corpus Christi Church (Kostel Božího Těla), memorial to the victims of the December Uprising, workers' colony
  • Most - Zabražanská chapel, bell house by the dean's church, church of St. Francis Serafin with monastery, Capuchin church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, church of St. Wenceslas, church of the Piarites, city walls with moat, chapels of the cross, knight's cross hospital, city theater, rifle house , Grammar school, post office and school as well as the entire old town.
  • Pařidla - castle
  • Statinice - Church of St. Simon and Judith (kostel sv.Simona a sv. Judy)
  • Stránce - area of ​​the castle
  • Židovice - Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Kostel Nanebevzetí P. Marie)

Monuments in Okres Most that were relocated after 1962

  • Albrechtice - Boží muka and two crosses to Mariánské Radčice, cross to Most
  • Chárov - Monument of St. Florian to Most
  • Dolí Jiřetín - monument of St. George to Litvínov, crucifix and monument of St. Jan Nepomucký and St. Anton of Padua to České Zlatníky
  • Dřinov - the monument of St. Felix and St. Oldřich near the Roman chapel of St. Nepomuk in Litvínov
  • Ervěnice - the monument of St. Florian and the monument of St. Nepomuk to Malé Březno
  • Holesice - God's torment, the monument of St. Vavřinec and the monument of St. Felix and St. Nepomuk in Mariánské Radčice
  • Jezeří - 2 mythological monuments to the Duchcov castle
  • Kamená Voda - Monument of the Madonna to Mariánské Radčice
  • Komořany - marble column to Most
  • Konodrže - Baroque plinth after Most
  • Kopisty - Monument of St. Florian to Most
  • Libkovice - chapel after Most
  • Louka - marble column according to Lom
  • Most - the monument of St. Nepomuk to Bečov, all other monuments in the newly built area of ​​Most
  • Slastinice - cross to Most
  • Souš - monument of St. Prokop to Most
  • Stránce, the monument of St. Nepomuk to Jezeří and the monument of the four seasons to Bečov
  • Vysoké Březno - a base with a relief of the Madonna from Mariánské Radčice

Web links

Commons : Okres Most  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ uir.cz
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech regions and counties as of January 1, 2019 (XLSX)

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '  N , 13 ° 36'  E