Horní Jiřetín

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Horní Jiřetín
Horní Jiřetín's coat of arms
Horní Jiřetín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Must
Area : 3985.8776 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 35 '  N , 13 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 34 '30 "  N , 13 ° 32' 43"  E
Height: 280  m nm
Residents : 2,241 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 435 43
License plate : U
structure
Status: city
Districts: 5
administration
Mayor : Vladimír Buřt (as of 2014)
Address: Potoční 15
435 43 Horní Jiřetín
Municipality number: 567175
Website : www.hornijiretin.cz
Location of Horní Jiřetín in the Most district
map

Horní Jiřetín (German Ober Georgenthal , popularly Ober-Görten ) is a town in Okres Most , Ústecký kraj , in the Czech Republic .

Pilgrimage Church of the Assumption of Saint Mary

Geographical location

The city is located in northern Bohemia at the foot of the Kreuzberg on the southern roof of the Bohemian Ore Mountains , near the border with Saxony . It is divided into two unequal halves by the Grundbach.

history

The oldest written mention of Jorenthal comes from 1263. Since 1409 a distinction has been made between Horní Jiřetín and Dolní Jiřetín . The Grundbach flowing through the village formed the border between two parts from 1410, of which the right-hand part belonged to the Eisenberg rule . The left-hand portion became part of the rule of Ober Leutensdorf in 1562 , which was combined with the rule of Dux to form the family entails in 1680 . In the 16th century, iron ore deposits were discovered in the Ore Mountains near the Rothen mine . At the end of the 17th century the village was ravaged by the plague. In 1693 Johann Friedrich von Waldstein had the parish church of the Assumption built. At the end of the 18th century it suffered great financial damage from the effects of war. Around 1820 there was a canvas weaving mill and a stocking knitting mill in the place that was still owned by the Waldstein family.

In 1831 Ober Georgenthal consisted of 179 houses with 1,055 German-speaking residents. 99 houses with 584 inhabitants formed the Neundorfer part, 80 houses with 471 inhabitants, including 22 traders, the Dux part. The parish church of the Assumption of Mary and the school were under lordly patronage in the Dux part. There were also four grinding mills in the Dux part . Ober Georgenthal was the parish for Nieder Georgenthal , Vierzehnhöfen (Čtrnáct Dvorců) , Hammer , Johnsdorf , Kreuzweg and Tschernitz as well as twelve single-layer houses and mills. Until the middle of the 19th century, Ober Georgenthal remained divided between the rule of Neundorf and the Fideikommissherrschaft Dux.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Obergeorgenthal / Hořejší Jiřetín 1850 a municipality in Leitmeritzer county and judicial district Brüx. From 1868 the community belonged to the district of Brüx . In 1914, Emperor Franz Joseph I made Ober Georgenthal a town. In 1930, 3481 people lived in the town of Ober Georgenthal. After the Munich Agreement , Ober Georgenthal was added to the German Reich in 1938, where it belonged to the district of Brüx in the Reichsgau Sudetenland , district of Aussig . In 1939 the city had 3357 inhabitants. Between 1943 and 1945 Nieder Georgenthal , Vierzehnhöfen and Marienthal were incorporated. During the bombing of the neighboring Maltheuern hydrogenation plant in 1944, considerable damage was also caused in Ober Georgenthal.

From 1949 Horní Jiřetín belonged to the newly formed Okres Litvínov. After its abolition, the community was assigned to Okres Most in 1961. In the same year Černice and Mariánské Údolí were incorporated . The surrounding communities Albrechtice , Dolní Jiřetín and Jezeří fell victim to brown coal mining in whole or in part at the beginning of the 1980s. On July 1, 1983, Albrechtice, Dolní Jiřetín, Čtrnáct Dvorců and Jezeří were incorporated into Horní Jiřetín. On October 17, 2006, the town charter was renewed by Horní Jiřetín. At the beginning of 2009, there were 2104 people in Horní Jiřetín, 1798 of them in the Horní Jiřetín district.

Demographics

Until 1945 Ober Georgenthal was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1820 1,150 in 200 houses
1830 1,055 in 179 houses
1850 approx. 1,1500
1930 3,481
1939 3,357

City structure

The town of Horní Jiřetín consists of the districts Černice (Tschernitz) , Dolní Jiřetín (Nieder Georgenthal) , Horní Jiřetín (Upper Georgenthal) , Jezeří (Eisenberg) and Mariánské Údolí (Marienthal) . Basic settlement units are Albrechtice (Ulbersdorf) , Černice, Čtrnáct Dvorců (Vierzehnhöfen) , Dolní Jiřetín, Horní Jiřetín, Jezeří and Mariánské Údolí. The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Albrechtice u Mostu, Černice u Horního Jiřetína, Čtrnáct Dvorců, Dolní Jiřetín, Horní Jiřetín and Jezeří.

Neighboring places

Nová Ves v Horách (Mountain New Village)
Vysoká Pec (Hohenofen) Neighboring communities Litvínov (Ober Leutensdorf)
Most (Brüx)

Surrender of the relics of the catacomb saints Justina and St. Donatus

Josef Kolbe from Ober Georgenthal, who had made a barefoot pilgrimage to Rome as a penance for a manslaughter of his wife, was there in 1780 by Pope Pius VI. received who assured him a gift for the church in Ober Georgenthal. Pius VI then had the bones of the 3rd and 4th century martyrs Donatus and Justina removed from the catacombs in Rome . In the same year, Kolbe, accompanied by a papal representative, went with the remains of St. Donatus returned to Ober Georgenthal. In 1780 a papal courier handed over the two rococo cases and the remains of St. Justina including the papal provisions. On the third Sunday of October, 1780, the relics were solemnly consecrated in the Church of the Assumption of Mary with the participation of thousands of pilgrims.

In the following years this event was celebrated annually with a pilgrimage. Emperor Joseph II had the relics checked for authenticity; this was confirmed on May 25, 1787 by the canon Franz Piler of Leitmeritz.

Sponsorship

  • In 1954, Battenberg (Eder) took on the sponsorship of the expelled Sudeten Germans from the municipality of Obergeorgenthal (Horní Jiřetín). However, there is no active town twinning between the two municipalities.

Attractions

See also the list of listed objects in Horní Jiřetín

  • Baroque Church of the Assumption of St. Mary from 1694–1700; in the church are the relics of the Roman catacomb saints Justina and Donatus.
  • The Jezeří Castle (Eisenberg Castle) originally built in Renaissance style from 1549 was converted into a Baroque castle in the 18th century.
  • Eisenberger Park - remnants of a magnificent palace park, which was located south of the palace. Today only the lower part, also known as the Eisenberger Arboretum , has been preserved. Ancient oaks, lime trees, beeches and other valuable trees grow in the park.
  • Memorial stone from the former Niedergeorgenthal, 100 m north of the post office

Events:

  • Every year in mid-August there is a city festival with stalls, amusement park attractions and a pet exhibition with cats, birds and reptiles.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Web links

Commons : Horní Jiřetín  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ uir.cz
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
  3. ↑ a b Rudolf E. v. Jenny: Handbook for travelers in the Austrian imperial state . Volume 2, Vienna 1823, p. 492.
  4. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, p. 144, (item 29).
  5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. sud_bruex.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Topographic Lexicon of Bohemia . Prague 1852, p. 100, top left column
  7. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  8. ↑ uir.cz
  9. ↑ uir.cz
  10. ↑ uir.cz
  11. ↑ Kreis-bruex.de