Dolní Jiřetín

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Dolní Jiřetín
Dolní Jiřetín does not have a coat of arms
Dolní Jiřetín (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Ústecký kraj
District : Must
Municipality : Horní Jiřetín
Area : 1014.5918 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 34 '  N , 13 ° 35'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '35 "  N , 13 ° 34' 36"  E
Residents : 0 (2009)
Postal code : 435 43
License plate : U

Dolní Jiřetín (German Nieder Georgenthal , popularly Nieder-Görten ) was a city in the Czech Republic .

Geographical location

The city was located in northern Bohemia and stretched about five kilometers northwest of Most ( Brüx ) along the Jiřetinský potok, which flowed south of the place into the Grundbach. The few remaining houses today form a district of Horní Jiřetín ( Ober Georgenthal ).

history

The area on the shore of the Kommerner See was already in the Middle Stone Age, about 8300 Jv. BC, populated. Further archaeological finds come from the Bandkeramischen culture , the Jordan mill and the Baden culture as well as the Knovíz culture .

The place Jorrenthal was first mentioned in 1263 , later name forms were Juřata and Jurnteyn . A differentiation from Horní Jiřetín is only proven from 1409, at that time the place was called Girzetin doleyini . The village belonged to the Lords of Colditz in the 15th century . In 1492 Geržetin doleyssi was first referred to as a town (oppidum), with a market square and a church (1352).

Former Church of St. Nicholas

In 1549 the market town was owned by Sebastian von Weitmühl , who also owned the local festival. After 1562 the property passed into the hands of the Lords of Lobkowitz . In 1571 the community received market rights and a coat of arms from Emperor Maximilian . On this was St. George on a horse on a red background. In 1642 the Counts of Waldstein acquired the property. The place was hit by several disasters. In addition to the devastation caused by the Thirty Years' War, there were two fires in 1621 and 1680. In 1680, a large part of the population also died of the plague. In the same year Johann Friedrich von Waldstein raised the lordships of Dux and Ober Leutensdorf to the family affide . In the 17th century, 27 buildings were inhabited, a century later there were 62, mostly by estate owners and farmers. The church of St. Nikolaus was built in 1724 and in 1822 received an exposite of the parish of Ober-Georgenthal. Fruit growing and horticulture began in the 1820s. Nieder-Georgenthal had the privilege of holding four annual fairs on St. Adalbert, the Monday after Corpus Christi, the Exaltation of the Cross and St. Nikolai. As in the larger markets in Oberleutensdorf, in Nieder-Georgenthal mainly silk, cotton and haberdashery, canvas, cloth, lace, ribbons, stocking knitting articles, hats, leather, shoemaker, saddler, furrier and strap work as well as steel, Iron, tin and pottery for sale.

In 1830, the market town of Nieder-Georgenthal consisted of 97 houses with 501 German-speaking residents, including 33 traders. The church of St. Nicholas and the school were under government patronage. There was also a parish hall, an aristocratic Meierhof and a grinding mill in the village . There was a hunter's house aside. At the annual fairs, 80 - 90 domestic traders presented their goods in 47 stalls and stands. Parish was Ober-Georgenthal . Until the middle of the 19th century, Wschechlab remained subject to the Fideikommissherrschaft Dux. In 1848 568 people lived here.

Cancellation NIEDER GEORGENTHAL , 1898

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Nieder-Georgenthal / Dolní Jiřetín after 1850 with the district fourteen yards / Čtrnáct Dvorců a market town in Leitmeritzer county and judicial district Brüx. In 1862 Niedergeorgenthal was promoted to town. From 1868 the city belonged to the district of Brüx . The post office was established in 1876. At the end of the 19th century, after the opening of the shafts Guido I to III, Humboldt I and II, Centrum I, Radecký-Columbus, the number of the population increased to 958, in 1900 it was 3471, of which 1850 were Czechs. In 1930, 3849 people lived in the town of Nieder Georgenthal, including the Vierzehnhöfen district.

After the Munich Agreement , Nieder Georgenthal was incorporated into the German Reich in 1938 and until 1945 belonged to the district of Brüx , administrative district of Aussig , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland . As a result, most of the Czech population moved inland. In 1939 the city had 3,099 inhabitants. At the same time, the need for workers grew. For this reason, camps for forced laborers, prisoners and foreign workers were set up in the area. Between 1943 and 1945 Nieder Georgenthal was incorporated into Ober Georgenthal along with Vierzehnhöfen and Marienthal . During the bombing of the neighboring Maltheuern hydrogenation plant in 1944, considerable damage was also caused in Nieder Georgenthal.

Dolní Jiřetín and its district Čtrnáct Dvorců were largely liquidated between 1980 and 1983, they fell victim to the expansion of the hygienic protection zone of the chemical plant in Záluží and the progressive coal mining between 1981 and 1983 . On July 1, 1983, it was incorporated into Horní Jiřetín.

In the village was the baroque church of St. Nicholas from 1724, which was demolished in 1897 due to major damage. The newly built church was also closed in 1939 because it was in disrepair. The statue of St. George in front of the church was moved to Horní Litvínov .

Demographics

Until 1945 Nieder Georgenthal was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1830 0501 in 97 houses
1850 approx. 650
1930 3,849
1939 3,099
Population since the end of the Second World War
year 1950 1961 1970 1975 1980 1982 1983
Residents 2710 2201 1661 1714 892 235 0

sons and daughters of the town

Web links

Commons : Dolní Jiřetín  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/643033/Horni-Jiretin
  2. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 1: Leitmeritzer Kreis , Prague 1833, p. 144, paragraph 28.
  3. ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 198, paragraph 30.
  4. ↑ Topographic Lexicon of Bohemia . Prague 1852, p. 99, bottom right column
  5. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx (Czech. Most). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  6. ↑ Retrospektivní lexikon obcí ČSSR 1850-1970, díl I / 1, Praha 1977, s. 512-513
  7. ↑ Český statistický úřad ve formatátu .xls