Záluží (Litvínov)
| Záluží | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Must | ||||
| Municipality : | Litvínov | ||||
| Area : | 648.0846 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 34 ' N , 13 ° 36' E | ||||
| Height: | 261 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 435 14 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Litvínov - must | ||||
Záluží ( German Maltheuern ) is a district of Litvínov in the Czech Republic .
geography
Záluží is six kilometers northwest of Most . The village was devastated between 1974 and 1975 . In its place are the production facilities of the companies Unipetrol RPA, sro and Česká rafinérská , as stretched along the Zálužský potok (Launitzbach) on the edge of the lake meadow in the North Bohemian Basin .
Neighboring towns were Horní Ves , Chudeřín and Horní Litvínov in the north, Dolní Litvínov in the Northeast, Lipětín and Růžodol the east, Pláň, Kopisty and cider in the southeast, Souš in the south, Třebušice, Komořany and Dolní Jiřetín in the southwest, Čtrnáct Dvorců and Horní Jiřetín in West and Janov and Hamr in the northwest.
history
The first evidence of settlement in the area on the shore of Lake Kommern ( Komořanské jezero ) comes from the Stone Age. The oldest finds are quartzite stone wedges from the Paleolithic , and three Neolithic stone axes were also found.
The village was probably founded in the middle of the 13th century during the colonization of the marshland of the Seewiese by the Lords of Hrabischitz . The place name is probably of Low German origin. The first written mention of Meltner took place in 1333 when Boreš IV. Of Riesenburg and his sons, the castle Kostomlaty rule ( cost sheet ), including the corresponding portion of the village of Chotěbor of Hirschstein sold. The other part with a festival and a Meierhof was a Riesenburger fief. Because of over-indebtedness, the Borso d. Ä. and Borso d. J. von Riesenburg in 1398 sell the rule Riesenburg to Margrave Wilhelm I of Meissen . The owners of the now Meissen fiefdom included u. a. from 1393 to 1394 Ramfolt von Bontensee, from 1419 Hans von Polenz ( Hanuš z Polenska ) and from 1454 Hans Gerhengros. After the Riesenburg rule became part of the Kingdom of Bohemia again through the Treaty of Eger in 1459, King George of Podebrady struck the fief of the royal castle of Hněvín . In 1512 Maltheuer's share of the costs sheet came under the Brüxer Burg, thus ending the division of the village. In 1535 King Ferdinand I sold the estate to Georg von Hartitzsch ( Jiří Hartič z Hartiče ). In 1576 the von Hartitzsch gentlemen acquired the Kolosoruk estate and combined the two estates. Rudolf II released the estate in 1613 from its feudal relationship with the Brüxer Burg. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the now allodial property Maltheuer was confiscated from the property of the von Hartitzsch family in 1623. Then the owners of the property changed in quick succession. At the beginning of the 17th century, Maltheuer consisted of 10 farmers and 14 Chalupners. During the Thirty Years War the village became deserted. In the berní rula from 1654 a brewery and a tavern are designated for Maltheuer , 16 chalets were in desolation. After the death of the owner Johann Jacob Bruneau, his sisters gave the Jahnsdorf and Maltheuer estates to their mother Ludmilla, who was married to Martin Jaroslav Ritter Michna von Waitzenau for the second time . Her grandson Johann Michna von Waitzenau sold the Maltheuer estate to Johann Anton Tluksa von Wraby and only kept Jahnsdorf. In 1715 the latter sold the Maltheuer estate to Johann Josef von Waldstein , who added it to his family affiliate Dux with Ober-Leitensdorf . At that time the village consisted of 34 farm properties as well as a blacksmith, a cooper , a carpenter, a wagner and a miller. The village was called Malther by the locals and the Czechs called it Malta .
In 1844 Maltheuer consisted of 66 houses with 374 German-speaking residents. The allodial estate of the Counts of Waldstein, which was connected with the Dux rule, comprised a usable area of 766 yokes, 1,166 square fathoms . In the village there was an official farm, a sheep farm and a grinding mill . The parish was Tschausch . Until the middle of the 19th century, Maltheuer remained subject to the Dux rule.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Maltheyr 1850 a district of the municipality Nieder-Leutensdorf in Leitmeritzer county and judicial district Brüx. 415 people lived in the village. In 1862 Maltheyr broke away from Nieder-Leutensdorf and formed its own community. From 1868 the village belonged to the Brüx district . In the course of the rapid industrialization of the North Bohemian Basin and the increased lignite mining, Maltheyr lost its purely agricultural character in the second half of the 19th century and grew rapidly; a large part of the workers who moved there were Czechs. In 1870 a glass factory was built. In 1880 the Viktoria lignite underground mine started operations, in 1891 the Radetzky colliery and in 1905 the Neuschacht colliery, which was operated two years later under the name of the Tegetthoff colliery. After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the Radetzky colliery was renamed the Columbus colliery and the Tegetthoff colliery into the Herkules colliery. The Czech name Záluží has been used as an official place name since 1924. In 1930, 3867 people lived in the village's 267 houses, including 2984 Czechs and 840 Germans. As a result of the Munich Agreement , the municipality was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the district of Brüx until 1945 . In 1939 there were 3,021 people in the village. On April 1, 1941, Maltheuern was incorporated into Ober Leutensdorf .
In 1939 began Reich Hermann Göring in the corridors of Maltheuern, Rosenthal and Kopitz with the establishment of the hydrogenation plant Maltheuern, the ceremonial ground-breaking ceremony took Gauleiter Henlein before May 5 1939th In mid-1939, the Sudetenländische Treibstoffwerke AG (Sutag) was founded as the operating company with its headquarters in Brüx . Up to 70 prison camps, labor camps, community camps, labor education camps, forced labor camps, prisoner prison camps and special camps were set up in the Brüx area, which were under the administration of Sutag. This included u. a. the Gestapo labor education camp Oberleutensdorf-Maltheuern, which existed from July 18, 1941 to March 15, 1945; the forced laborers were housed in Niederleutensdorf. In addition, a prisoner of war camp was set up. Of the 12,500 Sutag employees in 1940, 38% were Germans, 36% French prisoners of war, 23% Czechs and 3% foreigners. In September 1943, Sutag employed 13,300 people, including 4,000 male foreigners, 380 female foreigners and 2,500 prisoners of war. Between September 1 and October 7, 1944, the temporary sub-camp Brüx of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was set up in Seestadtl , to which 1,000 prisoners from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp were transferred. SS-Hauptscharführer Gustav Göttlich is said to have been the command leader. About 490 of the prisoners were requested by the mineral oil construction company as unskilled workers. It is not known whether these were used in Maltheuern or in the Richard II project . Gasoline production started in December 1942, followed by diesel production in January 1943. At the end of the Second World War, the Sutag hydrogenation plant became one of the Allies' air raid targets in 1944 and 1945. In the air battle over the Ore Mountains on September 11, 1944, Schmiedeberg repulsed an attack by the 100th bomber group of the Eighth Air Force of the United States Army Air Forces on the Schwarzheide synthesis plant and the Maltheuern hydrogenation plant. The lower village of Maltheuern was completely destroyed in the bombing of September 23, 1944. On January 16, 1945, the factory was 70% destroyed in a night raid by British bombers. A resumption of production was prevented by three more bombings.
After the end of World War II, Záluží came back to Czechoslovakia and the incorporation to Horní Litvínov was canceled. The prisoner-of-war camp was used as internment and forced labor camp No. 28 for Sudeten Germans, who were used to rebuild the hydrogenation plant , which initially operated under the name Československá továrna na motorová paliva as . The march of the German men expelled from Komotau , whom the Red Army had refused to cross the border on June 9, 1945 between Nová Ves v Horách and Deutschneudorf , also ended in the forced labor camp . On June 3, 1945, the plant was rebuilt to such an extent that the production of the first synthetic gasoline in Czechoslovakia could be celebrated. In autumn 1945 Jindřich Šnobl was appointed director of the hydrogenation plant, after the February coup in 1948 he moved to Prague to the post of director of the ČKD- Stalingrad. From the beginning of 1946 the hydrogenation plant was named Stalinovy závody, np Záluží . From 1962 the chemical plant operated as Chemické závody Československo-sovětského přátelství - CHZ ČSSP.
From 1948 the community belonged to the newly established Okres Litvínov. The Hercules mine was renamed důl Vítězný únor ( Triumphant February ) in 1951. In the course of an expansion of the plant, a smaller part of Záluží was cleared and devastated between 1956 and 1960. With the abolition of the Okres Litvínov, Záluží came back to the Okres Most in 1961 . At the end of 1971 there were 434 people, at the end of 1972 362 and ultimately only 331 people at the end of 1973.
On July 19, 1974, the alcohol production plant in the chemical plant exploded due to a leak in a pipeline for highly explosive gas. The force of the detonation, which was estimated at 20–30 t TNT, razed part of the chemical plant to the ground. 313 buildings, including 220 single-family homes, were damaged within a radius of up to eight kilometers. A fireball was created that covered an area of 36,000 m². After four days, the approximately 200 firefighters managed to put out the fire. It was the largest chemical accident in the history of Czechoslovakia, 17 people died and 124 were injured.
Then Záluží was relocated for an expansion of the factory facilities and incorporated into Litvínov as Litvínov IX on December 1, 1974 . The demolition of the village was completed in 1975.
On August 13, 2015, there was a major fire on the Unipetrol RPA factory premises. At around 8:28 a.m., after the propylene cooling circuit failed, an ethylene unit exploded, which also set stocks of chemical substances on fire.
Development of the population
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Monuments
The only monument was a cast-iron cross from 1793, which was destroyed with the village.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Jindřich Šnobl (1903–1971), Czechoslovak politician and functionary
- Gernot Neugebauer (* 1940), German physicist
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/790842/Zaluzi-u-Litvinova
- ↑ a b Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2016 (Czech).
- ↑ http://www.pivovary.info/view.php?cisloclanku=2008090002
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia , Vol. 14 Saatzer Kreis, 1846, p. 144.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx (Czech. Most). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ a b http://litvinov.sator.eu/ategorie/litvinov/v-castech-obce/zaluzi/slozeni-pracovniku-stw-v-zaluzi
- ↑ Oberleutensdorf-Maltheuern labor education camp
- ↑ Wolfgang Benz: The Flossenbürg Concentration Camp and its satellite camps . 2007, p. 72.
- ↑ The "June 9, 1945" memorial in Deutschneudorf / Erzgebirge ( Memento from June 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ http://litvinov.sator.eu/ategorie/zanikle-obce/zaluzi/vybuch-v-chemicce-v-zaluzi-1971974
