Ervěnice
Ervěnice (German Seestadtl , formerly Ruenice , Erwenicz ) was a town in the Okres Most in the Czech Republic , which was part of the Okres Chomutov until 1960 .
Geographical location
The city was located in northern Bohemia on a gently rising hill on the right bank of the Biela River , opposite the confluence of the Altbach.
history
The area was already settled in the younger Stone Age (5500 to 4200 BC). The first written record comes from the year 1238. In it a certain Albert, son of Nečepluk von Ruenitz, is mentioned. At the time, there were also two festivals on the opposite side of the bank, held by different sexes. The first was already around 1300 to the end of the 15th century, the second fortress was probably built at the beginning of the 14th century and lasted until the beginning of the 16th century. At the beginning of the 14th century, the place was raised to a town and in 1568 received coats of arms and seals.
In 1519 both districts were united by Sebastian von Weitmühl . In 1571 Bohuslav the Elder of Michelsberg (Bohuslav starší z Michalovce) acquired the lands, which they were confiscated in 1622 and added to the rule of Wilhelm Popel von Lobkowitz . The family held the estate until 1848.
The population grew from the beginning of the 17th century, when there were 45 houses in the village, to 751 inhabitants in 1848 and by more than a thousand at the time of industrialization at the end of the 19th century. The flourishing mining industry finally created a livelihood for 5,000 residents before the Second World War. The residents worked in the Ella shaft and in the Hedwig underground mine. In 1900 Seestadtl had 2,962 inhabitants, of which 2,402 were German and 546 were Czech-speaking. After the First World War , Seestadtl was added to the newly created Czechoslovakia .
At the beginning of the 1920s, the first large power plant in Czechoslovakia was built in Seestadtl. After the Munich Agreement Seestadtl belonged from 1938 to 1945 for the district of Chomutov , Region of Usti nad Labem , in the Reich District of Sudetenland the German Reich .
Between September 1 and October 7, 1944, Seestadtl's temporary sub-camp Brüx of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was set up, to which 1000 prisoners from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp were transferred. SS-Hauptscharführer Gustav Göttlich is said to have been the command leader. About 490 of the prisoners were requested by the mineral oil construction company as unskilled workers. It is not known whether these were used in Maltheuern or in the Richard II relocation project .
In the years 1959 to 1960, the village fell victim to the progressive opencast mining and was abandoned. The cadastral area was added to the village of Komořany u Mostu , which in turn was incorporated into Most in 1988 . The statues of St. John of Nepomuk from 1730 and St. Florian (1717) were brought to Malé Březno (Kleinpriesen).
In 1983 a dam up to 150 meters high was poured, which today leads the Ústí nad Labem – Chomutov railway and the E422 across the mining landscape between Chomutov and Most . This was named Ervěnický koridor after the former town .
Demographics
Until 1945 Seestadtl was predominantly populated by German Bohemia , which were expelled.
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | 665 | in 145 houses |
| 1845 | 751 | in 148 houses |
| 1900 | 2962 | German residents |
| 1930 | 5121 | |
| 1939 | 4224 |
| year | 1950 | 1961 | 1970 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 2272 | 178 | 116 |
sons and daughters of the town
- George Saiko (1892–1962), Austrian art historian and author
- Valerie Radtke (1913– ??), author of an autobiography in two parts “I was looking for love - the novel of my life. Childhood "(1984) and" Against all loneliness - novel of my life. Youth "(1986).
- Friedrich Mayer (* 1919), politician, member of the People's Chamber of the GDR
Web links
- Seestadtl on heimatkreis-komotau.de
Individual evidence
- ^ KK Central Statistical Commission, Community encyclopedia of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Imperial Council. Edited on the basis of the results of the census of December 31, 1900. Volume IX Bohemia (Vienna 1904) p. 374.
- ↑ Wolfgang Benz: The Flossenbürg Concentration Camp and its satellite camps. 2007, p. 72
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 199, item 22).
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 14: Saazer Kreis , Prague 1846, pp. 127–128, item 11).
- ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 18, Leipzig and Vienna 1909, p. 273.
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Komotau district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
Coordinates: 50 ° 31 ' N , 13 ° 32' E