Janov u Litvínova
| Janov | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
|
||||
| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Must | ||||
| Municipality : | Litvínov | ||||
| Area : | 458.1518 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 35 ' N , 13 ° 34' E | ||||
| Height: | 280 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,571 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 435 42 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Horní Litvínov - Horní Jiřetín | ||||
Janov ( German Johnsdorf ) is a district of Litvínov in the Czech Republic .
location
Janov is three and a half kilometers west of Horní Litvínov and forms with this, Chudeřín and Hamr a closed settlement area. The location is between the streams Loupnice ( Frauenbach , also Hammerbach ) and Janovský potok at the southern foot of the Ore Mountains on the edge of the North Bohemian Basin . To the north rise the Mračný vrch ( Wolkenberg , 852 m), Lounický vrch (535 m) and the Holubí vrch ( Nitschenberg , 716 m), in the northeast the Lounický kopec (442 m), southwest the Kapucínský vrch ( Kapuzinerhauberg , 743 m) , to the west of the Točník ( Draxelsberg , 670 m) and the Kopřivník (699 m) and northwest of the Černý Kopec (723 m), the Jeřabina ( Haselstein , 788 m) and the Hřeben ( Kammberg , 687 m). To the north lies the Janov dam in the Loupnice valley .
Neighboring towns are Křížatky and Lounice in the north, Horní Ves and Písečná in the northeast, Hamr and Louka u Litvínova in the east, Záluží in the southeast, Dolní Jiřetín in the south, Horní Jiřetín in the southwest, Mariánské Údolí and Mikulovice in the west and Mníšek .
history
The place, called Jahnsdorf (Janovic) in old documents , was probably founded earlier than many places in the area, as it was on the path that led from the Ore Mountains through the valley down into the North Bohemian plain.
The first written mention of the fiefdom belonging to the giant castle was in 1354 as the property of Jan Kerung von Lom. Because of over-indebtedness, the Borso d. Ä. and Borso d. J. von Riesenburg in 1398 sell the rule Riesenburg to Margrave Wilhelm I of Meissen . At the beginning of the 15th century the lords of Gablenz were enfeoffed with Janov, from 1425 the town of Brüx owned the estate and the Janov farm. Duke Wilhelm III. enfeoffed Hans von Rechenberg with the estate in 1450 . With the Treaty of Eger in 1459, Riesenburg was again part of the Kingdom of Bohemia.
In 1505, the von Jahn von Oberleutensdorf family also acquired the Janov estate. Anna von Jahn sold the Oberleutensdorf and Jahnsdorf estates in 1589 to the owner of the Dux estate , Wenzel Popel von Lobkowicz . He sold Jahnsdorf to Adolph von Hartitzsch in the following year . In 1595 the city of Brüx acquired the upper part of the estate with the Hammergrund. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the lower part of the property belonging to the Protestant Nikolaus von Hartitzsch, including the festivals and his property Maltheuer and Kolosoruk, was confiscated in 1623. The court chamber sold this to the border inspector Johann Jacob Bruneau. After his death, his sisters gave the Jahnsdorf and Maltheuer estates to their mother Ludmilla, who was married to Martin Jaroslav Ritter Michna von Waitzenau for the second time . His son Wilhelm Wenzel Franz Michna von Waitzenau had the castle built between 1670 and 1678. Johann Michna von Waitzenau sold the Maltheuer estate to Johann Anton Tluksa von Wraby and only kept Jahnsdorf. Anna Barbara Kolowrat -Krakowsky, née Michna von Waitzenau, who Jahnsdorf inherited in 1722, sold the estate in 1726 for 70,000 guilders to the town of Brüx, which already owned the upper part. After that, the entire estate was added to the Kopitz rule . Originally, the administration of the place was in the hands of the respective landlord, who was later also supported by a judge. The town of Brüx set up a forestry office in the castle for urban forest ownership in the Ore Mountains. She also had orchards planted. In 1821 a lignite shaft was sunk in the former zoo.
In 1843 Jahnsdorf consisted of 87 houses with 561 German-speaking residents, including two Protestant families. There was a communal school and an official farm in the village. Apart from that, there was an official Oberjägerhaus, the emphyteutic inn "Neuschenke", the Jakobsmühle, the Fulling Mill, the Mittelmühle, the Teichmühle and the Baktenmühle. The residents lived mainly from fruit growing. The town of Brüx maintained a tree nursery in Jahnsdorf and operated two larger brown coal quarries. Parish was Ober-Georgenthal . Jahnsdorf remained subservient to the city of Brüx until the middle of the 19th century .
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Jahnsdorf / Janov or Janovice after 1850 with the districts crossroads , Göhren , Bohemian-Einsiedel and Launitz a municipality in the county and judicial district Saatzer Brüx. From 1868 the community belonged to the district of Brüx . In the years 1871 to 1872 the Dux-Bodenbacher Eisenbahn extended the Bodenbach-Dux line to Komotau , and a train station was built south of the castle. Göhren broke away in 1876 and formed its own community. Since the end of the 19th century the village was called Johnsdorf . In 1879 the fruit growing association Johnsdorf-Hammer was formed. The owner of the toy factory in Hammergrund, Kajetan Kohler, built a villa in Johnsdorf. The industrial boom and the start of intensive lignite mining in the North Bohemian Basin at the end of the 19th century led to a population explosion. On August 5, 1901, the Brüxer Straßenbahn- und Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft AG started operating on the electric regional tram from Brüx to Johnsdorf . In 1905 the community was assigned to the newly formed judicial district of Oberleutensdorf. In the years 1911 to 1914 the drinking water dam of the city of Brüx was built in Hammergrund near Kreuzweg . In 1913, Bohemian Einsiedel became independent. As a result of the Munich Agreement , Johnsdorf was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the district of Brüx until 1945 . In 1939 there were 1,440 people in Johnsdorf.
After the end of the Second World War, Janov returned to Czechoslovakia and the German-Bohemian population was expelled , and there were numerous Roma among the new residents . The tram to Horní Litvínov was shut down in 1955. In the 1950s, a large bakery and social welfare facility were established in Janov. In 1963 Janov was incorporated with Křížatky and Lounice to Hamr . In the 1970s, a prefabricated housing estate was built on the Ore Mountains slope north of the road from Horní Litvínov to Horní Jiřetín . In 1986 Janov was incorporated into the town of Litvínov together with Hamr. After the Velvet Revolution, the number of Roma in the settlement increased steadily. In 2008, 3000 residents of Janov belonged to the Roma population. Due to increasing problems with the public order , a large antigypsy demonstration, organized by extremists, took place in Janov on November 17, 2008 , which ended in a street battle with the police and made the town headlines across the country.
Development of the population
|
|
|
Attractions
- Baroque Janov Castle , built 1670–1678, today it serves as a residential building and is not open to the public
- Baroque statue Madonna and Child , in the courtyard
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk not far from the castle, made in 1695. It is one of the oldest sculptures of its kind in Okres Most .
- Milestone from 1841, southeast of the castle
- Holy Trinity column on the road to Horní Jiřetín, erected in 1765; it is also known as a stone cross . The legend tells the following about the erection of this statue: A carrier named Frank had to bring a herring keg. But he neither found the addressee, nor did he know who had given it up. He was therefore awarded it by the local authorities as property. When he opened the keg, he found it filled with gold coins. Since he was a pious man, he had the statue erected as a token of his gratitude.
literature
- Local history of the school district of Brüx - the judicial districts of Brüx, Oberleutensdorf, Katharinaberg. Publishing house of the German teachers' association in the districts of Brüx, Brüx 1908
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/637068/Janov-u-Litvinova
- ↑ a b Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869–2015. (PDF) Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on February 17, 2016 (Czech).
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Böhmen, Vol. 14 Saatzer Kreis, 1846, p. 114.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Brüx. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Peter Hornung: “We don't want any Roma here”. In: Deutschlandfunk . November 27, 2008.
