Jezeří Castle
The Jezeří Castle (German Schloss Eisenberg ) is located west of Dolní Jiřetín ( low Georgenthal ) in the district of Most in the Usti region , on the southern slopes of the Ore Mountains in the Czech Republic . The village Jezeří ( Eisenberg ), which was part of the municipality of Horní Jiřetín ( Obergeorgenthal ), existed below the castle until the 1980s . The castle is now about 0.5 km away directly above a huge brown coal opencast mine. It is a listed building and is externally accessible to the public. The interior can be viewed on special dates.
history
The original Gothic castle "Eisenberk" was built between 1363 and 1365 by the lords of Ferbenz (Pány ze Rvenic) from Ervěnice (Seestadtl), who received the title of nobility from See or "de Lacu alias de Aysemberg" at that time.
From 1365 a Nevlas von See (Nevlas de Lacu alias de Aysemberg) is named as the owner. Subsequently, various owners, including the Smolik of Slawitz followed (Smolík ze Slavic) and from 1450 also by the Saxon prince robbery known Kunz von Kaufungen . In 1459 the castle was conquered by the Bohemian King George of Podebrady and was then again owned by the Smolik von Slawitz.
Since Sigmund Smolik von Slawitz died childless, Eisenberg Castle fell to his brother-in-law Nikolaus Hochhauser von Hochhaus in 1513 . In 1549 he had the old castle converted into a renaissance castle. Because of Hochhauser's participation in the Bohemian aristocratic uprising in 1618, the Eisenberg rule was expropriated and taken over by Wilhelm von Lobkowitz in 1623. He had the palace converted into a baroque palace in 1627 .
During the siege of the palace complex occupied by the Swedes by imperial troops in the Thirty Years War , the palace was set on fire in 1646, making it uninhabitable for a long time. It was not until 1690 to 1696 that the palace was rebuilt in the Baroque style in its current form under Ferdinand Wilhelm von Lobkowitz, but it burned down again in 1713 under Ulrich von Lobkowitz. After 1722 the castle was used as a hunting lodge .
The floor plan of the castle is a double cross with four H-shaped wings and two courtyards that open onto the open landscape. Two towers rise at the western ends. The building was created on the basis of plans by the Bohemian Baroque master builder Giovanni Battista Alliprandi (1665-1720). The middle, highest tower is located above the entrance portal. The portal in the main courtyard is guarded by two atlases . These were created by the sculptor Johann Adam Dietz (1671–1742) from Holschitz ( Komotau district ), whose son Ferdinand Dietz (also Tietz) later worked in Franconia .
The main building is emphasized by a monumental portal, the internal staircase of which leads into a large polygonal hall. The interior of the palace was once decorated with princely splendor, it had a gilded cabinet, an audience hall, a hall of mirrors and a large ballroom, a collection of antlers, the prince's room, a library and a theater. Viewing terraces can be found on the east and west facades.
In 1848, the Eisenberg rule also included the town of Seestadtl , Trupschitz and 21 other villages. In addition to agriculture and forestry, industrial operations were also important, e.g. B. a brewery, lime kilns, brickworks and the lignite mining in Pohlody (Pahlet) and Komotau .
Castle Park
The castle park was laid out in the 1820s as an approximately 50 hectare English landscape garden below the castle hill. Today only the lower part of the park exists, the so-called "Eisenberger Arboretum" with ancient oak, linden, beech and other valuable trees. It is a listed building. Above the castle, the area turns into a natural forest.
The remains of a mausoleum for the Lobkowitz family can be found in the park, probably built after 1753 by Andreas Altomonte (1699–1780). In 1805 the castle chapel “The Sorrows of Mary” (Chapel Bolestné Panny Marie) was built in the park.
Culture
At the end of the 18th century, a cultural high point was reached under the princes Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowitz (1772–1816) and Ferdinand von Lobkowitz (1797–1868). Since 1802 there has been a palace theater in the palace, at which various Viennese actors also appeared, as well as a hunting music band with 22 members and the Eisenberg choir. The band had its greatest successes under the direction of the Italian conductor Antonio Casimir Cartellieri (1772–1807) and Joseph Cartellieri († 1870 in Eisenberg). The Italian singer Antonio Brizzi (1770-1854) also made a guest appearance. There was also the famous Eisenberg vocal quartet and a music octet. Concerts were also held in the park.
Under Ferdinand Philipp Josef von Lobkowitz (1724–1784), son of Prince Philipp Hyazinth von Lobkowitz (1680–1737), the castle came into the possession of the New Town branch of the Lobkowitz family. Ferdinand Philipp Josef had a great fondness for music, as evidenced by his purchases of music in Vienna and the support of Christoph Willibald Gluck during his stay in London (1746). The painter Carl Robert Croll also visited Eisenberg Castle and captured his interior in pictures.
Because of the numerous cultural and social events, many guests and prominent personalities visited the castle. B. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1810 and 1812) and his Duke Karl August von Sachsen-Eisenach , Ludwig van Beethoven , the later composer Christoph Willibald Gluck , whose father was employed here as forester by the prince, and the brothers Paul Wranitzky and Anton Wranitzky .
Ludwig van Beethoven was a close friend of Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowitz. His 3rd symphony "Eroica" was performed here in the palace theater, as was Joseph Haydn's oratorio " The Creation ". The Lobkowitz Castle thus had an important cultural function for the entire region.
Development after 1918
After the establishment of Czechoslovakia , the first land reform divided parts of the rule into individual farms. During the Second World War , the palace was under Nazi administration because the last owner, Max Prince von Lobkowitz, was the Czech government's ambassador in London. High-ranking officers of the Allied armies were held captive at the castle.
After the Second World War, the castle was again owned by the Lobkowitz family until 1948. After the February coup in 1948, the castle and the Eisenberg rule were expropriated. In September 1950 it was handed over to the Ministry of National Defense and served as accommodation for the Czechoslovak Army . The interiors were adapted to the needs of the army, various rooms were destroyed and the furniture looted. In 1955 the palace was taken over by the Ministry of the Interior and listed as a historical monument in 1958.
In 1972 Eisenberg Castle was placed under the administration of the Regional Center for State Preservation of Monuments and Nature Conservation in Ústí nad Labem .
The fight to save Eisenberg Castle began in the 1980s. The castle was supposed to give way to lignite mining in 1987, but was saved thanks to an initiative by citizens. Extensive reconstructions were carried out between 1988 and 1991 (roof repairs, roofing with shingles, repair of two retaining walls in the castle park). The castle has been open to the public again since 1996 and is currently being renovated. The first rooms in the northern tower can be viewed again in their original interior.
owner
- 1365–1372: Nevlas von See ( Nevlas de Lacu alias de Aysemberg ), then Busco von See
- 1407–1410: Peter von Pertz (Petr z Perče)
- 1410–1413: Albrecht von Kolowrat ; Burgrave of Elbogen
- 1416–1450: Johann Smolik von Slawitz and his successors
- 1450: The von Kauffungen family
- 1459–1513: Sigmund Smolik von Slawitz (Smolík ze Slavic )
- 1513: Since Smolik von Slawitz remained childless, he transferred Eisenberg to his brother-in-law Nikolaus Hochhauser von Hochhaus .
- 1623: Wilhelm Popel Freiherr von Lobkowitz
- 1696: Ferdinand Wilhelm von Lobkowitz , builder of today's palace
- 1713: Ulrich von Lobkowitz
- 1991: Restitution to the Lobkowicz family
- 1996: Returned to the state due to excessive repair costs
Address: Státní zámek Jezeří, 435 43 Horní Jiřetín , Okres Most , Czech Republic
literature
- Viktor Karell : Castles and palaces of the Ore Mountains and Egertal. Vol. 1, Vinzenz Uhl Verlagbuchhandlung, Kaaden , 1935. (Schloss Eisenberg pp. 71–73)
Web links
- Extensive information about the castle in German
- Pictures of the castle and how to get there
- Information and pictures from the castle
Individual evidence
- ↑ Destinations in Bohemia - Eisenberg Castle (accessed on May 20, 2016)
- ^ Stately view of the moonscape (accessed on May 20, 2016)
- ↑ Viktor Karell: The Eisenberg Castle (accessed on May 20, 2016)
- ↑ Information and pictures from the castle (Czech) (accessed on May 20, 2016)
Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 14.9 ″ N , 13 ° 30 ′ 17.9 ″ E