Horse wine

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Roßwein
Horse wine
Map of Germany, position of the city of Roßwein highlighted

Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′  N , 13 ° 11 ′  E

Basic data
State : Saxony
County : Central Saxony
Height : 204 m above sea level NHN
Area : 44.1 km 2
Residents: 7502 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 170 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 04741
Area code : 034322
License plate : FG, BED, DL, FLÖ, HC, MW, RL
Community key : 14 5 22 510

City administration address : 		Markt 4
04741 Roßwein
Website : www.rosswein.de
Mayor : Veit Lindner (independent)
Location of the city of Roßwein in the Central Saxony district
Altmittweida Augustusburg Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf Brand-Erbisdorf Burgstädt Claußnitz Döbeln Dorfchemnitz Eppendorf Erlau (Sachsen) Flöha Frankenberg/Sa. Frauenstein (Erzgebirge) Freiberg Geringswalde Großhartmannsdorf Großschirma Großweitzschen Hainichen Halsbrücke Hartha Hartmannsdorf (bei Chemnitz) Königsfeld (Sachsen) Königshain-Wiederau Kriebstein Leisnig Leubsdorf (Sachsen) Lichtenau (Sachsen) Lichtenberg/Erzgeb. Lunzenau Mittweida Mühlau (Sachsen) Mulda/Sa. Neuhausen/Erzgeb. Niederwiesa Oberschöna Oederan Ostrau (Sachsen) Penig Rechenberg-Bienenmühle Reinsberg (Sachsen) Rochlitz Rossau (Sachsen) Roßwein Sayda Seelitz Striegistal Taura Waldheim Wechselburg Weißenborn/Erzgeb. Zettlitz Zschaitz-Ottewig Sachsenmap
About this picture

Roßwein is a small town in Saxony . It is located about 50 km west of Dresden near the cities of Freiberg and Meißen in the district of central Saxony .

geography

Geographical location

The territory of Roßwein lies in the Central Saxon mountainous region , on both sides of the Freiberger Mulde . The core of the eponymous city is located on the gently rising terrain on the right bank of the Mulden.

Neighboring communities

Chub Chub Nossen
Waldheim Neighboring communities Nossen
Kriebstein Striegistal Striegistal

Nossen belongs to the district of Meißen , all other neighboring communities belong to the district of central Saxony .

City structure

Horse wine
Margarethenmühle in the Zweiniger Grund

The districts are:

history

Map of Roßwein before 1843
Marketplace (1906)
Church of Roßwein

In the early Middle Ages, Roßwein was an old Sorbian fishing village. In the 12th century, as part of the German settlement in the east, a margravial-Meissnian city complex with a manor was developed.
The first written mention of Roßwein comes from the year 1220. A year later, a villicus de Rosewin is mentioned. The name of the city goes back to the Old Sorbian word Rusavin , derived from the personal name Rusava . So Roßwein is the settlement of a Sorbian named Rusava . The name goes back to rusy reddish, blond, brown . The place name suggests that Roßwein is a Sorbian foundation. The year it was founded and on whose initiative it was founded is unknown. In 1286, Roßwein was first mentioned in a document as a city (civitas seu oppidum). There is a checkered history. Roßwein was pledged by Margrave Heinrich the Illuminated (1221–1286) to his grandson Friedrich the Freidigen (the bitten), Count Palatine of Saxony, and after Heinrich's death it became the property of Friedrich the Freidigen. Friedrich the Freidige donated Roßwein to the Cistercian monastery Altzella near Nossen on May 18, 1293 .

Since 1360 Roßwein had a mayor and a council. The city was evidently under the authority of Nossen from 1590 . The council and mayor of Roßwein received the jurisdiction of both the Altzella monastery and the Nossen office as a temporary pledge. The council elected the city judge from among its members. Later Roßwein also owned a surrounding city wall of 1,221 m length with a continuous battlement . From the market square five streets ran to five city gates: the Kreuztor, the Bergtor, the Mühlentor, the Döbelnschen or Lommatzscher Tor as well as the bridge gate, which carried a watchtower. Quarry stones from the nearby quarry were used as building material. Stones from the Freiberg Mulde , called cat's heads, were also used. Gate guards had to be provided by the citizens themselves. They received training in the use of spear, crossbow and sword weapons. The gates were locked shortly before dark. Those in default then had to look for their night camp at the gates of the city. From 1805 the city gates were not locked. The gate guards were only dissolved 45 years later.

Around 1550 there were 259 possessed men and 360 residents in Roßwein. In 1748 there were 477 possessed (landed) citizens and the size of the place consisted of 29 Hufen .

In 1871 the population had risen to 6,848.

Along with Nossen and Siebenlehn, Roßwein was one of the monastery's most important possessions. But this meant that the city had to pay most of the taxes. All residents were obliged to carry out and maintain the construction for their living area.

In 1613 the black plague also claimed its victims in Roßwein. In 1834 there were already 4,202 inhabitants in Roßwein. The railway connection to Leipzig and Dresden was opened in 1868 and to Chemnitz in 1874 . The city has been an important industrial location since the 19th century; metal goods, shoe, textile and cigar factories settled here. With the introduction of the General City Code, the City Court gained its independence in 1834. After cession to the state, the city's jurisdiction, together with the higher and inheritance jurisdiction exercised by the Nossen judicial office in the city of Roßwein and its corridors, was transferred to the Royal Court of Roßwein on September 1, 1853.

Towards the end of World War II from late 1944 to early 1945 had concentration camp inmates of the satellite camp Nossen / Roßwein of Flossenburg in the foundry E. Broer ( "Ebro works") forced labor do.

Historical spellings and meaning of the place name

The spelling of the place name Roßwein has varied in the course of its history and there were different spellings. The following spellings have been handed down from historical sources:

  • 1220: Ros (s) ewin
  • 1221: Bertoldus antiquus villicus de Rosewin
  • 1286: Russewyn
  • 1349: Ruswin
  • 1393: Rüssewin
  • around 1500: Russian wine
  • since 1555/56: Roßwein

The name comes from the Old Sorbian Rusavin .
This goes back to the personal name Rusva , too rusy, reddish, blond. So it was the settlement of a Rusava.

Memorials

  • The memorial stone on the Soviet cemetery of honor at Etzdorfer Strasse and the corner of Bergstrasse commemorates Soviet prisoners of war and forced laborers as well as the two communist resistance fighters Paul Rockstroh and Kurt Schmidt, who perished in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1944 and 1945 , respectively.
  • A memorial stone and two memorial plaques in Kadorfer Straße 31b , Gartenstraße 42 and Goldbornstraße also commemorate Paul Rockstroh.
  • A memorial stone in the Haßlau district , Zweiniger Grund, on the access road to Margarethenmühle , commemorates a Polish slave laborer who was hanged in public in 1943 for an illegal relationship with a German woman.
  • On Swiss mountain in the district Mahlitzsch unknown were in April 1945, seven prisoners of concentration camps of a death march from the satellite camp Colditz of the Buchenwald concentration camp of SS men shot. An honorary grove erected there in 1975 houses a memorial that commemorates this event, in which only 17 of 1,000 prisoners survived. Mahlitzsch's dead were buried in the cemetery in the Niederstriegis district. A tombstone erected in 1974 commemorates them.
  • The Bismarck monument with a relief medallion of the German Chancellor stood on Bismarckplatz.


Incorporations

Former parish date annotation
Gleisberg 01/01/1994
Grunau 06/01/1973 Incorporation to Niederstriegis
Grünroda before 1875 Incorporation to Niederstriegis
Hasslau 01/01/1994
Hohenlauft before 1875
07/01/1950		 Incorporation to Etzdorf,
reclassification to Niederstriegis
Kobelsdorf before 1875 Incorporation to Naußlitz
Littdorf 01/01/1994 Incorporation to Niederstriegis
Mahlitzsch 10/01/1935 Incorporation to Niederstriegis
Naußlitz (with blade) 07/01/1950 Incorporation to Haßlau
Niederstriegis 01/01/2013
Ossig (with Juchhöh) 07/01/1950 Incorporation to Haßlau
Otzdorf 01/01/1970 Incorporation to Littdorf
Seifersdorf 01/01/1969
Troischau before 1875 Incorporation to Ullrichsberg
Ullrichsberg 01/01/1952
Wettersdorf 07/01/1950 Incorporation to Wetterwitz
Weather joke 01/01/1974 Incorporation to Gleisberg
Two 07/01/1950 Incorporation to Haßlau

Population development since 1834

Development of the population (from 1998 December 31st) :

1834 to 1960 1990 to 2002 2004 to 2010 2012 to 2015
  • 1834: 04.202
  • 1885: 06.443
  • 1925: 09.376
  • 1933: 09,605
  • 1939: 09,696
  • 1960: 10.343
  • 1990: 9.211
  • 1998: 8,252
  • 1999: 8.157
  • 2000: 8,044
  • 2001: 7,952
  • 2002: 7,824
  • 2004: 7,596
  • 2005: 7,451
  • 2006: 7,353
  • 2007: 7,290
  • 2009: 7,022
  • 2010: 6,923
  • 2012: 7,746
  • 2013: 7,611
  • 2015: 7,672

politics

City council election 2019
Turnout: 59.2% (2014: 47.3%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
37.1%
18.1%
15.7%
14.2%
11.8%
3.1%
BWG NR
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 20th
 18th
 16
 14th
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-11.0  % p
+ 18.1  % p
-1.5  % p
-2.8  % p
-3.0  % p
+ 0.1  % p
BWG NR

In Roßwein there is a local group of the Greens in addition to the parties represented in the city council and district council . Furthermore, in Roßwein there is a "working group on urban design and urban development" that was once established by the mayor in 2001. It is open to all Roßwein citizens, functions in a grassroots democratic way and works with the city council.

City council

Since the city ​​council election on May 26, 2019 , the 22 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:

Party / list Seats
CDU 9
AfD 4th
LEFT 3
BWG NR * 3
SPD 3

* Niederstriegis-Roßwein community electorate

mayor

The mayor Veit Lindner is non-party. In 2001 he replaced Wolfgang Pieschke (CDU). Lindner was previously a non-party member of the SPD parliamentary group. In the mayoral election in 2008, thanks to the support of the SPD, the Left and the Greens, he won 88% of the votes over the CDU candidate Silvia Meißner, daughter of the former mayor Pieschke. In 2015 Lindner was confirmed in office with 87% of the votes.

District council

In 2008 Veit Lindner and Henning Homann moved to the SPD's list in the district council in the newly founded district of Central Saxony . Michael Klöden belongs to the CDU and Peter Krause belongs to the district council for Die Linke.

coat of arms

It is a " talking coat of arms ".

Blazon : “A white horse stands with its head to the left on a green“ Drei-Berg ”(mountain with three peaks). Three grapevines and seven grape leaves can also be seen on the coat of arms. "

Town twinning

Roßwein maintains a twinning relationship with Freiberg am Neckar in the Ludwigsburg district of Württemberg .

Culture and sights

Buildings

Gleisberg (Roßwein): Ev. Village church, Romanesque choir tower church

The historic indoor swimming pool in Stadtbadstrasse was inaugurated in 1897. It is the "first officially built indoor swimming pool in Saxony", as the mayor of the time CA Rüder stated at the inauguration ceremony.

Other structural sights are:

  • Town hall from 1862 with portal from 1529.
  • Cloth maker's house from the 16th century (former abbey of Altzella monastery)
  • Church of St. Mary (interior of the church in classical style)
  • A replica of the Saxon post distance column erected on the market in 2000
  • The city wall, remains of which can still be seen all over the city, e.g. Partly restored again.
  • The Villa Constanze on Böhrigener Strasse (Art Nouveau villa from 1905).
  • The Muldenpromenade, along the Freiberg Mulde with the fire brigade and industrial museum and maze.
  • The last steam engine of Roßwein, a tandem compound machine from Hanomag Hannover, built in 1911
  • The historic signal bridge at the train station
  • Fountain
  • Stately manor house in the Otzdorf district
  • Church in the district of Otzdorf
  • Round house and ruins of Kempe Castle in the Mahlitzsch district

  • town hall

  • Marketplace (2016)

  • Post mileage

  • Waterfront

  • Portal of the local history museum

Natural monuments

Probably the second oldest camellia north of the Alps, over 200 years old, can be found in Roßwein. There is also a unique geological outcrop on the road to Döbeln with the Troischaufelsen . The protected rock consists of gabbro, which is rare in the region . Until the construction of Döbelner Strasse around 1860, silver and copper were still mined in a tunnel at this point.

Two kilometers east of Roßwein is the area monument of the former mining facilities of "Segen Gottes Erbstolln". Since 1980, the non-profit association “Segen Gottes Erbstolln” has been actively maintaining this important historical monument.

  • Geotope "Gabbrofelsen" in Roßwein

  • Gabbro rock in horse wine

Economy and Infrastructure

University building for the social work department
University building for steel and metal construction / elevator technology

traffic

Roßwein is located in the city triangle Chemnitz - Leipzig - Dresden , the road connections are via the nearby A 4 and A 14 as well as the B 175 . Roßwein has a station on the Borsdorf – Coswig railway line , which has been without passenger traffic since December 2015. The city was the starting point for commonly known as Striegistalbahn known, railway Roßwein-Hainichen-Niederwiesa . This route is exempt from rail traffic in the Roßwein – Hainichen section.

Established businesses

In addition to a few regional construction companies, the corporate structure is now determined by two automotive suppliers. In 2005 the Japanese Hitachi group settled in the Goldene Höhe industrial area. There he produces high-pressure pumps for gasoline injection. In the former press and forge plant, connecting rods are now manufactured by Frauenthal Powertrain GmbH.

education

The Mittweida University of Applied Sciences is represented in Roßwein with two departments: steel and metal construction as well as social work.

Other important educational and research institutions:

Personalities

Honorary citizen

  • Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), since April 1, 1895
  • Friedrich Oswald Naupert (1841–1926), 1912 royal. Saxon Chamber Council, since August 9, 1914
  • Cornelius Kohl (1906–2006) since June 14, 1998
  • Helga Frankenstein (* 1934 or 1935) since July 22, 2015

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked in the city

  • Johann Traugott Lohse (1760–1836), builder and architect
  • Karl Gautsch (1810–1879), local history researcher, politician and lawyer
  • Werner Retzlaff (1890–1960), Bauhaus Modernist architect
  • Othmar Faber (1927–2008), papal honorary prelate in the diocese of Dresden-Meißen, from 1955 local chaplain and parish vicar in Roßwein

dialect

Roßwein is located on a border of three forms of Saxon dialect: north of it the Nordmeißenische , south the Südmeißenische and east poking Südostmeißenische on; all three of which belong to the Meissen dialects.

literature

  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Rosswein. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 25th booklet: Office governance Döbeln . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1903, p. 191.
  • Günther Hanisch: Roßwein in old views , Vol. 1–9, European Library - Zaltbommel / Netherlands, (C) 1992
  • A tradition from the City Court of Roßwein for the period 1591–1853 on court and local administration, criminal, civil and voluntary jurisdiction, court books and court records is in the Saxon State Archives, State Archives Leipzig, inventory 20623 City of Roßwein (City Court).

Web links

Commons : Roßwein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Roßwein  - Sources and full texts
Wiktionary: Roßwein  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikivoyage: Roßwein  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Ernst Eichler : Saxony, All city names and their history , Leipzig 2007, p. 111, ISBN 978-3-86730-038-4
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historical book of place names of Saxony. Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-05-003728-8 , p. 311.
  4. ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony .
  5. ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther (ed.): Historisches Ortnamesbuch von Sachsen , Berlin 2001, Volume II, S. 311, ISBN 3-05-003728-8
  6. ↑ a b c d State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: Area changes
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Statistical Bureau of the Royal Ministry of the Interior (ed.): Directory of municipalities and places for the Kingdom of Saxony. 1904.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Ministry of the Interior of Saxony (ed.): Lists of the municipalities incorporated since May 1945 and evidence of the breakdown of the independent manor districts and state forest districts. 1952.
  10. ↑ The Saxony Book. Municipal publishing house Saxony, Dresden 1943.
  11. ↑ Data source from 1998: State Statistical Office Saxony
  12. ↑ December 31
  13. ↑ October 3rd
  14. ↑ Results of the 2019 municipal council elections
  15. ↑ Roßwein steam engine. Retrieved January 27, 2020 .
  16. ↑ 20623 City of Roßwein (City Court). In: State Archives Leipzig. Retrieved March 27, 2020 . (Info text under "Introduction")