Reign of Wildenfels

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Wildenfels Castle

The rule Wildenfels was a territory on the territory of the Electorate of Saxony and today's federal state of Saxony . Originally it was the heart of the lower county of Hartenstein, which was immediately part of the empire . After separating from the county in 1440, it was an independent Reichsafterlehen , directly under the imperial government, until 1706 . Then it was united with the electoral Saxon office of Zwickau .

Geographical expansion

The area of ​​the Wildenfels dominion lay for the most part southeast of the city of Zwickau on the right of the Zwickauer Mulde . The center of the territory was Wildenfels Castle , built around 1170 and first mentioned in 1233 . The rule extended from the Hartmannsdorfer Forst near Weißbach on the left bank of the Zwickauer Mulde over the Wildenfelser intermediate mountains to the upper Mülsengrund .

Adjacent administrative units

Zwickau Office Office Schönburg-Glauchau Office Schönburg-Lichtenstein
Office Wiesenburg Neighboring communities Stollberg Office
Schwarzenberg district office Offices Schönburg-Hartenstein and Schönburg-Stein

history

The reign of Wildenfels

The Wildenfels rule emerged at the end of the 11th century and was originally the core area of ​​the lower county of Hartenstein . However, it remained an independent fiefdom of the Burgraves of Meissen as imperial counts. In 1119 the lords of Wildenfels were first mentioned in a document as feudal lords. Wildenfels as their seat of power has been proven since 1233.

Due to disputes between the imperial-free lords von Wildenfels and the Saxon House of Wettin, as well as financial difficulties, they were forced to pledge the lordship rights to the County of Hartenstein in 1406 to the House of Schönburg . Burgrave Heinrich I von Hartenstein took the rule of Wildenfels out of this pledge and remained its liege lord. It was not until 1425 that the area was pledged to the Saxon Elector . In 1440 the burgrave finally gave up his claims to the rule of Wildenfels in favor of the elector. As a result, the connection to the county of Hartenstein expired and Wildenfels became an independent Reichsafterlehen. Since the division of Leipzig in 1485, the area, in contrast to the Schönburg county of Hartenstein, was Ernestine . The Reformation was introduced in the area in 1529 . After the defeat of the Ernestines in the Schmalkaldic War , the rule belonged to Albertine Saxony from 1547 . With the death of Anarg Friedrich von Wildenfels in 1602, the male line of the imperial-free lords of Wildenfels died out. The entire property of the Wildenfels rule went with all rights according to an inheritance contract to the Counts of Solms-Laubach from Laubach ( Hesse ).

In 1706 the Counts of Solms-Wildenfels had to cede their sovereignty to the Elector of Saxony and give up the imperial immediacy of the area. The rulership, now known as the "Standesherrschaft Wildenfels", was assigned to the Zwickau office. In 1856 the Saxon government abolished the patrimonial jurisdiction , whereby the rule of Wildenfels completely disappeared in the Saxon state. The Counts of Solms-Wildenfels owned the Wildenfels Castle until 1945 .

The Church of the Three Marys in Härtensdorf

Härtensdorf was the court church of the Wildenfels rule for a long time. In 1322, Fritz von Melrin, a clergyman in Härtensdorf, was mentioned for the first time. In 1488 a contract was signed between Mrs. Agnese Schenkin auf Wildenfels and Jakob Timbler, according to which the pastor of Härtensdorf, Jakob Timbler, took over half of the costs of the Wildenfels castle chaplain . In 1509/1510 the Church of the Three Marys received the Peter Breuer Altar of the Three Marys as a new image of grace - Härtensdorf's church had become a local pilgrimage site. In 1529 a church visit took place. It was found that the pastor's position was vacant and was administered by the castle chaplain Derrer or Dörrer von Wildenfels. During the church visitation in 1531, Wolfgang Taschner was introduced to his office as the first Protestant pastor in Härtensdorf. In 1580 the first church in Wildenfels was consecrated by the pastor from Härtensdorf. It was a “prayer room” without a tower and burned down again on July 31, 1589. 1605–1606 the second Wildenfels church - this time with a tower - was built, in which on November 10, 1606 the first baptism took place. The Härtensdorf pastor also consecrated this church building. This church building burned down again on March 16, 1636, but the first church service could already be celebrated in this new building at Christmas 1636. Mag. Haase was the first pastor of Härtensdorf to carry the title of “court preacher of Wildenfels and pastor of Härtensdorf”; the last title holder was Pastor Dautenhahn, who died in 1865. In 1866 the "urban shares" were spun off from the parish Härtensdorf, and the legally independent parish of Wildenfels was created from the former Wildenfels branch of Härtensdorf. In 1866 the third Wildenfels church building was demolished due to dilapidation, the fourth new building was built in 1869 as a neo-Romanesque hall church (see also Neue Sächs. Kirchengalerie, Ephorie Zwickau, Parochie Härtensdorf and Parochie Wildenfels, Leipzig 1902 / Parish archive Härtensdorf). The church in Härtensdorf is the burial place of the last lords of Wildenfels, this is shown by entries in the church books of Härtensdorf as well as the epitaphs in the church of Anarg Heinrich von Wildenfels († 1539), Heinrich von Wildenfels († 1558) and Anarg Friedrich von Wildenfels († † 1602). An angel wearing a coat of arms at the side entrance of the church indicates the importance of the old court church of the Wildenfels rule.

Depiction of the Wildenfels coat of arms in the church in Härtensdorf
Epitaph of the last of the old gentlemen v. Wildenfels - Anarg Friedrich v. Wildenfels († 1602) in the chancel of the church in Härtensdorf

Associated places

The following places belonged to the Wildenfels rule, some only partially, although the size of these parts changed over time. The other parts of these places mostly belonged to the Schönburg office of Hartenstein or the office of Grünhain . The ruler's residence was at Wildenfels Castle in the town of Wildenfels .

Places of rule Wildenfels
place current location Remarks
City of Wildenfels City of Wildenfels with Wildenfels Castle
Härtensdorf (Wildenfels part) City of Wildenfels with the church of the Three Marys (crypt of the Protestant gentlemen v. Wildenfels)
Schönau (Wildenfels part) City of Wildenfels
Zschocken (Wildenfels share) City of Hartenstein big part of
Reinsdorf (Wildenfels part) Community Reinsdorf big part of
Pöhlau (Wildenfels part) City of Zwickau
Vielau (Wildenfels part) Community Reinsdorf
Friedrichsgrün (Hammelhof Vorwerk) Community Reinsdorf the place Friedrichsgrün itself was not built until the middle of the 18th century
Weißbach with Hermannsdorf and Neudörfel (sometimes desolate) Langenweißbach municipality until 1253 to the rule of Wiesenburg
Grünau Langenweißbach municipality came to Grünhain monastery in 1401 and, after its secularization, to Grünhain office
Ortmannsdorf (Wildenfelser part), Marienau Mülsen municipality Marienau was created around 1850
Heinrichsort City of Lichtenstein Created in 1714
Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. (Wildenfels share) City of Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. City since 1924
Deserted Mark Wittendorf near Thierfeld

Owner of the Wildenfels estate

1406: Pledging of the County of Hartenstein to the House of Schönburg with the exception of the Wildenfels rule

1856: incorporated into the Kingdom of Saxony . The counts of Solms-Wildenfels lost patrimonial jurisdiction, but kept as a nobleman a hereditary seat in the first chamber of the Saxon parliament .

See also

literature

  • Leo Bönhoff : The original extent of the county of Hartenstein . In: NASG 27 (1906), pp. 209-278
  • Lothar Wendler: Castles in the Western Ore Mountains - on Mulde, Schwarzwasser and Zschopau , from the series "Our Home", Rockstroh's illustrated sheets on the history of the Western Ore Mountains, Mike Rockstroh printer and publisher, Aue 2004
  • New Saxons. Church gallery, Ephorie Zwickau, Parochie Härtensdorf, Parochie Wildenfels, Leipzig 1902
  • Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas , Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0

Web links