Hartmannsdorfer Forest
The Hartmannsdorfer Forst is an extensive forest area at the lower edge of the upper Western Ore Mountains and is mostly on the corridor of the Hartmannsdorf community in the Zwickau district . Smaller parts belong to the mountain town of Schneeberg in the Erzgebirgskreis . Between 1964 and 2008, large parts of the forest were a restricted military area.
Neighboring communities
| Saupersdorf | Burkersdorf | Weißbach , Griesbach |
| Hartmannsdorf |
.svg)
|
Lindenau |
| Bärenwalde , Lichtenau | Hundshübel | Neustädtel |
Geographical location
The Hartmannsdorfer Forest is located on the northwestern edge of the Western Ore Mountains in the area of the slate mantle of the neighboring Kirchberg granite massif and its eastern edge areas and mainly in the Eibenstock granite area . The Rödelbach , a side stream of the Zwickauer Mulde, forms its western border . The highest point in the area is the Hirschenstein at 610.4 m. In the south-western part of the forest is the former Jahnsgrün raised bog , which has recently been used for cutting peat . In the southeast is the Filzteich , one of Saxony's oldest dams. The local and district boundary between Schneeberg in the Erzgebirgskreis and Hartmannsdorf in the district of Zwickau runs through it . The only settlement in the Hartmannsdorfer Forst is the Hartmannsdorfer district Jahnsgrün , which still includes some farm buildings on the former peat cut, a forester's house on Torfstrasse and a stud on Sonnenbergweg. The Hartmannsdorfer Forest has heights between 410 and 610 m. Its total area is 1650 hectares, 9 km long and 1.5 km wide.
structure
In the literature one finds a tripartite division of the Hartmannsdorfer Forest. The upper forest includes the part of the forest east of the line Lichtenauer Flügel - Salzstraße (between Lichtenau and Lindenau) with the Jahnsgrün raised bog and the Filzteich pond.
The area to the west of it is divided by the Fürstenweg into the lower forest to the north and the middle forest to the south . The ridge between Saupersdorfer Strasse and Schneeberger Strasse in the lower forest is known as "Der Hohe Forst" . Based on this there is the street “Am Hohen Forst” in Burkersdorf . In the lower forest there is the Hirschenstein , the mining landscape " Hoher Forst " and the former shooting range of the Schneeberger Jägerkaserne .
history
The area around the Hartmannsdorfer Forest was settled in the 12th century and belonged to the Wiesenburg rule . The Hartmannsdorfer Forst, also called Wiesenburger Wald , was the manorial forest of the Wiesenburger lords . In the northeast of the forest an ancient salt road ran from Wiesenburg via Weißbach and Lindenau towards Bohemia . The Jahnsgrün settlement in Hartmannsdorfer Forst was already described as a desert around 1464 . Mining activities could be demonstrated in the area known as the high forest between Burkersdorf and Weißbach . There were some mines and a small mining settlement there.
Even today there are numerous pings and heaps as evidence of medieval mining, as well as pits originating from houses. Particularly interesting are the area surrounded by a rampart and, not far from it, the remains of a tower hill castle , known as the Fürstenberg castle.
The Wiesenburger Herrschaftswald was primarily used for hunting, charcoal burning and cattle breeding. The use of wood only gained importance in the 16th century with the flourishing mining industry. The "Upper Forest" was knightly fiefdom of the von Bünau , Pflugk and von Creutz and from 1663 belonged to the Wiesenburg office . The "Lower Forest" belonged to the Wiesenburg lords as early as 1600. Around 1605, the “Hüttlein am Bornbrunn” on Bärenwalder Strasse near Jahnsgrün is mentioned, where a forester lived. From 1607 the forest ranger's office was located in Hartmannsdorf near Kirchberg . In 1819 the dilapidated forester's house in Hartmannsdorf was rebuilt. In 1832, a “felt forester” was appointed to supervise the peat cutting for the first time. Two major forest fires in 1874 and 1880 wreak havoc in the forest. The old forester's house in the center of Hartmannsdorf was sold in 1879 and a new building was erected on the southern outskirts. In 1905 an office building for the forest warden was built at the junction to Weißbach .
After 1945 the Saxon Forestry Offices and later the Zwickau Forestry Company ran the forestry operation. From 1964 onwards, most of the forest became a restricted military area of the NVA . From 1990 to 2008 the area served the soldiers of the Bundeswehr in Schneeberg as a military training area. After the closure of the hunter barracks , the district of Zwickau established a nature reserve in the Upper Forest in 2010. The administration of the area has been carried out by the Federal Property Office with the Federal Forest Administration since 1990.
Ore Mountains mining region
The mining landscape of Hoher Forst and the Filzteich are part of the Ore Mountains mining region , which has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2019 .
nature
Due to the decades-long closure of the area, many animal and plant species in the Hartmannsdorfer Forest have been preserved in their original form. The Jahnsgrün raised bog is a specialty due to its geographical location in the lower elevations of the Western Ore Mountains . Comparable raised bogs can only be found in the ridge areas in the Ore Mountains . The area around the raised bog has been under nature protection since 1995 and was integrated into the nature reserve “Heide- und Moorwald am Filzteich ” in 2010 , which also includes the headwaters of the Filzbach and the Hartmannsdorf side of the Filzteich.
The original forest consisted of deciduous and mixed forest. Due to the increasing demand for wood in mining, especially in the Schneeberger area, the forest was heavily cut down. In the 18th century, there was a reforestation with conifers, especially with spruce. In the present the forest is being converted back into a mixed forest. The peat extraction in the raised bog changed the nature in this area permanently.
Peat extraction
The area of the Jahnsgrün raised bog and other areas of the Hartmannsdorfer Forest were used to extract peat in the past . The former peat masters and their employees found a layer of loose wood peat 1 to 2 meters thick under the vegetation cover, which is light brown in color. It consists of tomentose remnants of moss and heather, small amounts of pine and spruce wood. Underneath there is the layer of peat, which is denser than the upper layer of peat and is considerably more charred. In it are wooden remains (roots, trunk parts, branches) of former birch, alder and hazel bushes . The peat has an overall average thickness of 3 meters, but locally comes up to 6 meters. The peat deposits lie on a Letts layer , of the clay followed cemented weathering ceiling of Eibenstocker granite down, but vergrust is. The clay sediments that seal at the bottom contributed significantly to the formation of the peat beds. In the Jahnsgrüner Stich, 2 million peat bricks were sold annually in the 1920s after being temporarily stored in Dürrhäusern. The peat forest forms a surface watershed at about 580 m above sea level. NHN .
The peat was not only extracted in the forest area southeast of the Jahnsgrün district (originally on about 60 hectares ), but also in other places in the Hartmannsdorfer Forest. There were proven peat cuttings on the Filzbach in the direction of Filzteich, near Lichtenau in the headwaters of the Filzbach and south of the later federal road 169 on the larch wing below the Mühl-Berg, which, however, were already in the Hundshübler Forest. The latter stitches were only used when needed. Your peat shows a high proportion of dead sedges on.
The stitches on the felt pond were still owned by the state at the end of the 19th century and produced large quantities of peat bricks. The peat obtained was mainly used for the production of heating material, to a lesser extent as peat fertilizer. The peat extraction at Filzteich began in 1789 and at Jahnsgrün in 1791. Initially, mining only took place on the Stechtorf.
tourism
There are numerous recreational opportunities in and around the Hartmannsdorfer Forest. The "Strandbad Filzteich" on the Schneeberg side and the children's and youth recreation center "KiEZ am Filzteich" on the Hartmannsdorf side of the Filzteich invite you to linger and swim. Former military buildings on Sonnenbergweg have been converted into a riding stables. The paths in the Hartmannsdorfer Forst were marked with signs after the closure of the hunters' barracks in Schneeberg and made accessible to hikers, horse riders and cyclists. The Hirschenstein , the highest point in the area and the Zwickau district, used to have a wooden observation tower. In the Lower Forest, the Kirchberger Heimatfreunde built the 5 km long nature and mining educational trail "Zum Hohen Forst" with 11 display boards between 2000 and 2001 .
traffic
The main routes through the Hartmannsdorfer Forest are in north-south direction the salt road from Weißbach to Lindenau, which extends further than Lichtenauer Flügel to Lichtenau. In the east-west direction, the Saupersdorfer and Wiesenburger Straße in the Lower Forest, the Krumme Weg and the Fürstenweg should be mentioned. The only road open to the public for traffic is the Torfstraße , which leads from Oberhartmannsdorf past Jahnsgrün and the Torfstich to Hundshübel. The Hirschenstein can be reached via the long wing . In the south-east, the forest is bounded by federal highway 169 , which in the area is also the boundary between the district of Zwickau and the Erzgebirgskreis .
literature
- Landesvermessungsamt Sachsen (Ed.): “Hiking map of Saxony 1: 25000. Sheet 13 Western Ore Mountains, Aue, Schneeberg “.1994
Web links
- Private homepage about the Hartmannsdorfer Forest
- The mining nature trail "Zum Hohen Forst" on the website of the Kirchberg Mountain Brothers
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Schwabenicky : The medieval silver mining in the Erzgebirgsvorland and in the western Erzgebirge , Chemnitz 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-20-1 , pages 191-202
- ^ Karl Dalmer: Explanations of the special geological map of the Kingdom of Saxony, Section Schneeberg, sheet 136 . Leipzig 1883, pp. 81-84
- ↑ Kurt Eismann (Ed.): Hiking book for the Western Ore Mountains and the adjacent parts of the Vogtland . (Part II of the hiking book for the Zwickauer Land) Dresden-Wachwitz 1924, p. 134
- ^ Karl Dalmer , Ernst Köhler , Ernst Weise : Geological Special Map of the Kingdom of Saxony, Section Schneeberg-Schönheide No. 136 . Leipzig 1897 (revision to the 2nd edition)
- ^ Karl Dalmer: Explanations of the special geological map of the Kingdom of Saxony, Section Schneeberg, sheet 136 . Leipzig 1883, pp. 84, 94
Coordinates: 50 ° 36 ' N , 12 ° 34' E