Wilzschhaus

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Wilzschhaus
Community of Schönheide
Coordinates: 50 ° 28 ′ 27 ″  N , 12 ° 30 ′ 56 ″  E
Height : 595 m
Area : 28 km²
Postal code : 08304
Area code : 037755
Wilzschhaus (Saxony)
Wilzschhaus

Location of Wilzschhaus in Saxony

Wilzschhaus is a district of the municipality of Schönheide in the Saxon Ore Mountains and the westernmost settlement in the Ore Mountains .

Settlement picture in Wilzschhaus

geography

Wilzschhaus is located in the Western Ore Mountains at the confluence of the Wilzsch in the Zwickauer Mulde . It is the first town in the Ore Mountains in the Zwickauer Mulde valley on the border with the Upper Vogtland . The place is at a height of 595.7 meters (train station) at the foot of the Häckerhannesberg (677.7 meters) between the Upper Keilberg (689.1 meters) and the Mehltheuer. A few steps below the train station, the Silberbach, the longest brook in the Schönheid area, comes from the left and flows into the Mulde.
According to the natural space map of Saxony, Wilzschhaus is partly in the microgeochore "Carlsfelder Wilzsch-Tal" and partly in the "Rautenkranz-Schönheider-Muldetal", both are part of the mesogeochore "Eibenstocker Bergrücken".
Neighboring towns are Schönheide , to which it belongs as a district, Eibenstock and Carlsfeld in the Erzgebirgskreis and Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz in the Vogtlandkreis .

Mouth of the Wilzsch on the Zwickauer Mulde - map from 1791
Railway line to the Vogtland

history

Wilzschhaus emerged as a settlement around the last third of the 19th century. However, his name changed.

The new alphabetical list of places of the Kingdom of Saxony from 1837 mentions a Wilzschhaus with the addition of a forester's house an der Wilzsch , it would consist of a single house, a residential building with seven residents. Church and school it belongs to Carlsfeld. This Wilzschhaus is the settlement now called Wilzschmühle above today's Wilzschhaus, because Albert Schiffner describes the forester's house in today's Wilzschmühle in his Handbook of Geography, Statistics and Topography of the Kingdom of Saxony in 1839 and expressly describes it as the Wilzschhaus . Later, around 1848, he called it the "royal forest or Wilzschhaus" . In sheet 195 of the Berlin edition of the Asterschen Meilen Blätter von Sachsen , dated 1791, there is no entry with the name Wilzschhaus at the confluence of the Wilzsch into the Zwickauer Mulde. The red marking on the left side of the Zwickauer Mulde stands for a building, the "Tümmelhaus" . Albert Schiffner described the situation at that time in his Führer im Muldenthale , published around 1848, that the Tümmelhaus was isolated, the Wilzsch opposite him flows into the Zwickauer Mulde. Upstream of the Mulde is the location of Tümels Raum in sheet 195 of the Berlin edition of the Meilen Blätter von Sachsen . The Tümmelhaus may have been the first house in the area where the Wilzsch flows into the Zwickauer Mulde, the basis for the later Wilzschhaus settlement. However, the settlement was built on the western side of the Mulde. This is probably due to the location of the railway facilities.

Around 1500 the great forests to the left and right of the Zwickauer Mulde belonged to the nobles von der Planitz . They decided to settle what is now Schönheide, let the first settlers in the Schönheide area clear the forest from 1537 and gave Schönheide, founded in 1549, the first privileges, combined with duties such as labor. According to the wording of the founding document of Schönheide, the so-called liberation letter of Balthasar Friedrich Edlen von der Planitz , the clearing and with it the settlement of Schönheide went from March 20, 1549 in the south from the Dorfbach Schönheides to the Zwickauer Mulde, but the cleared hooves never reached up the Mulde to Wilzschhaus. In 1563 Schönheide was bought by the Saxon Elector August and since then has belonged to the Schwarzenberg rule .

1566 the first hammer at the Zwickau Dell was in the trough located downstream from Wilzschhaus Schönheider Hammer built. Schönheiderhammer was not formally a municipality until 1839, i.e. after the new Saxon municipal constitution came into force.

Wilzschhaus was never an independent municipality, but belonged to Schönheiderhammer until it was incorporated into Schönheide in 1949. Before the colonization largely forest-lined area of today Wilzschhaus was in a card work by Matthias Oeder in 1600 Wilzschheide called. The map of the Erzgebirge district by Friedrich Adam Zürner, created between 1721 and 1742, also uses the term Wilzschheide.

Wilzschhaus had its own school. In the 1880s, the school in Wilzschhaus tackled the provision of Rautenkranz pupils. In 1930 the school is mentioned in the address book as one of the two schools in the community of Schönheiderhammer. The way to school to Carlsfeld or Schönheiderhammer would have been too long even in the 19th century and in the time before, if not completely impassable in winter. The school still existed after the Second World War. It had two classrooms, one was for children aged six to ten and the other was for those aged between eleven and fourteen. In 1966 this school was closed and the children went to school in Carlsfeld.

On July 1, 1949, Schönheiderhammer and its Wilzschhaus district were incorporated into Schönheide (law on the amalgamation of the communities Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide - Aue district - of April 29, 1949).

Schönheide Süd station
The name of the station before 1950: Wilzschhaus
Remains of the large bridge for the narrow-gauge railway

Wilzschhaus in the age of the railways

The Wilzschheide experienced a great increase in importance from 1871 with the construction of the Chemnitz – Adorf railway line and its opening on October 1, 1875. Since the Wilzschhaus train station was built on Carlsfelder Flur, the settlement was called Wilzschhaus . From 1876, factories for the wood and paper industry were built near the station. With the construction of the Wilkau-Haßlau-Carlsfeld narrow-gauge railway , the Wilzschhaus station was expanded into an important crossing station between standard and narrow-gauge. On December 16, 1893, the section from Saupersdorf via Schönheide to Wilzschhaus and on June 22, 1897 between Wilzschhaus and Carlsfeld was opened. A number of bridges had to be built to cross the Zwickauer Mulde and to operate the standard-gauge and narrow-gauge lines without crossing. The highest with the widest span was the bridge for the narrow-gauge railway, the tracks of which came high from the valley of the Silberbach and over this bridge crossed the road in the Muldental, then the Mulde and finally also the standard gauge line. For this steel girder bridge, in addition to the abutments, two brick pillars and four steel grid piers were required on both sides. The two wall pillars and the foundations of the steel pillars were still in place at the beginning of the 21st century. All steel parts of the bridge and the girder had been dismantled after the rail traffic was discontinued in 1977.

In a map from the time before the First World War, despite the scale of 1: 75,000, the importance of Wilzschhaus for the timber industry was highlighted by adding “Bhf. Wilzschhaus ”was still recorded as“ Wilzschhaus wood loading point ”.

At the end of the Second World War, a pillar of the Mulden Viaduct of the narrow-gauge railway was blown up by German troops on April 25, 1945, but train traffic was resumed as early as July 1945. After the end of the war in 1945, Wilzschhaus was unoccupied for six weeks from May 8, 1945, like the rest of the Schwarzenberg district , until the Red Army moved in as an occupying power.

As part of the renaming of all five train stations and stops in the Schönheides community by the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the Wilzschhaus station was renamed Schönheide Süd in 1950 .

In 1966 traffic on the narrow-gauge line to Carlsfeld was stopped, and in 1977 also in the direction of Schönheide. Wilzschhaus thus lost its importance in terms of traffic technology as the intersection of the standard gauge line Chemnitz - Aue - Adorf with the 750 millimeter narrow gauge line Wilkau-Haßlau - Carlsfeld.

As a result of the construction of the Eibenstock dam , trains from the direction of Adorf only ran as far as Schönheide Ost on the standard gauge line from 1975 onwards. Four years later, Wilzschhaus was the final stop for passenger traffic until it was discontinued as far as Muldenberg in 1982 . The line has been closed since 1998, but the last freight trains ran in 1995.

Monument to the foresters of the Schönheider Revier

Culture and sights

Remnants of the narrow-gauge railway to Carlsfeld
Cultural monuments

In Wilzschhaus there are a number of state-protected monuments, most of which stem from the past as a railway junction. They can be found in the list of cultural monuments Schönheide. A special feature in the area of ​​the confluence of the Tannenbach in the Mulde on a rock face is the memorial for the administrators of the Schönheider Revier , which was created around 1900 and honors the Schönheider Revierforster for over 300 years.

Museum train

Wilzschhaus has been an important place for railway fans since 2007. The Förderverein Historische Westsächsische Eisenbahnen (FHWE) began operating the route to Rautenkranz with a motorized trolley this year. In the following years the route was extended to Hammerbrücke on the days of travel. The extension to Schönheide Ost is still in the planning phase. The plan was to reactivate the narrow-gauge railway to Carlsfeld and to connect it to the existing section between Schönheide and Stützengrün. The restoration of the largest narrow-gauge railway bridge in Saxony over the Zwickauer Mulde and the construction of a new line from Stützengrün to Wernesgrün were planned as a new construction. These efforts in the 2010s, carried out as a tourist project under the title “Via Wilzschhaus - New Bridges for New Horizons - Turning a Miracle into Reality” , did not find the approvals and financial contributions necessary for the project. Although funds were available in the budget of the state of Saxony for 2013/2014, only two of the six municipalities affected by this tourism project decided to participate. The project was then canceled.

The Leipzig Model Railway Association "Friedrich List" e. V. has recreated a model of the Schönheide Süd train station and its surroundings including the large bridge for the narrow-gauge railway over the Mulde in model railway format H0 in its layout. A 15-minute video that can be downloaded from YouTube documents the system in operation.

economy

Former wood grinding shop, in front the Zwickauer Mulde (2015)

In addition to the employment opportunities at the railway junction, there were jobs in Wilzschhaus in the wood grinding shop, cardboard and paper factory. The buildings that still exist are located on the federal highway 283 between the former bridge of the narrow-gauge railway over the Mulde and the entrance to the town. Very soon after the invention of the pulp process of making paper and paperboard by Friedrich Gottlob Keller founded in 1843 Louis Friedrich Wilzschhaus in a pulp and paper factory and used for grinding wood, the water force of the trough. The product was white cardboard in a trimmed format of 70 by 100 centimeters. Soon there were branches in Wilzschmühle , Rautenkranz and in the Schönheid district of Altes Wiesenhaus, a little further down the Mulde. The company headquarters was in Wilzschhaus. Despite bankruptcies in 1915 and in the 1930s the Wilzschhäuser remained factory owned by the Friedrich family, was operated after the founding of the GDR only with state participation than in the 1960s, state-owned operation continued in the mid-1970s led the name "VEB Pappenfabrik Wilzschhaus “And finally came under the roof of VEB Zellstoff- und Papierfabrik Weißenborn , was converted to the processing of paper and produced exercise books. The wood grinding and cardboard factories and even the hydropower plant were scrapped. The factory existed until the end of the GDR. Successor institutions then used the buildings that had been vacant since the 2000s.

traffic

Wilzschhaus can be reached via the federal road 283 from Schönheide to Klingenthal, which runs in the valley of the Zwickauer Mulde . From Carlsfeld you can use the state road 276.

tourism

The remaining railway line is currently used for tourist train journeys. The Eisenach – Budapest long-distance hiking trail leads past the Silberbach near Wilzschhaus . The connection to the Muldental cycle path is imminent: the existing route from Aue to Blauenthal on the former railway line is to be extended to Schönheiderhammer. The community of Schönheide has commissioned the planning of a cycle path to Wilzschhaus, the continuation to Muldenhammer is also in progress. A former station keeper's house on the south side of the Zwickauer Mulde about 800 meters upstream from Wilzschhaus has served the Greiz section of the German Alpine Club since 2000 as the "Greizer Erzgebirgshütte". Wilzschhaus is a stop on the Saxony Steam Railway Route .

Natural area

A narrow strip of the Zwickauer Mulde valley in the Wilzschhaus area belongs to sub-area 7 “Muldetal below Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz” of the Natura 2000 area “Upper Zwickauer Muldetal”. It has the EU registration number 5540-302 in the continental list of sites of Community importance of the European Commission. The entire area is protected by ordinance issued by the Chemnitz Regional Directorate on January 26, 2011. The annex to the ordinance states the conservation objectives. The unpublished management plan for this area contains the measures that are suitable for achieving the conservation objectives.

literature

  • Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), reprint 1992
  • The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 129.

Web links

Commons : Wilzschhaus  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Natural space map service of the Landschaftsforschungszentrum eV Dresden ( information )
  2. ^ New alphabetical index of places of the Kingdom of Saxony. Compiled according to official reports by the Central Committee of the statistical association for the Kingdom of Saxony. With the most gracious privilege granted. Verlag der Waltherschen Hofbuchhandlung. Second department M.-Z. Dresden 1837, p. 341 digitized
  3. ^ Albert Schiffner: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony . First delivery, containing the Zwickau directions district, from Friedrich Fleischer Leipzig 1839, p. 191 digital copy , accessed on August 22, 2015
  4. ^ A b Albert Schiffner: The leader in the Muldenthale, from the Voigtlands heights to the union of the two hollows . In 16 deliveries, containing 37 views, taken from nature by Gustav Täubert, lithographed by J. Riedel, Verlag von Gustav Täubert, Dresden (no year, 1848), p. 12 ( link to the digitized version in the Leipzig University Library p. 12 cannot be called up directly, scroll through the digitized version or click on "Schönheide" in the table of contents on the left.)
  5. ↑ a b Digital copy in the Saxon State and University Library Dresden , accessed on November 29, 2014
  6. ↑ Ernst Flath: The history of the founding of Schönheide - for the upcoming four hundredth anniversary of the place . In: Glückauf - Journal of the Erzgebirgsverein. No. 5/1937. May 1937. Pages 65 to 70.
  7. ^ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), pp. 177–179.
  8. ↑ Gottfried August Arndt, Archive of Saxon History, Part 2, Leipzig 1785, pp. 367 to 388 [1] , accessed on July 3, 2014
  9. ^ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 266
  10. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 288
  11. ^ Raymond S. Wright: Meyers Orts- und Verkehrs-Lexikon des Deutschen Reichs , Volume 2, Leipzig 1913, Reprint Baltimore 2000, p. 751 digitized
  12. ↑ Reproduction of the map series: searching unfortunately necessary [2]
  13. ↑ Adam Friedrich Zürner : Atlas Augusteus Saxonicus (copy A), map of the Erzgebirgischen Kreis, 1711-1742, description: XVIII, General-Charte von Gebürgischen Creisse. Of the Electorate of Saxony Ertzgebürgischer Creis, in which the offices contain […] , dating: 1711–1742. Link to the map in the Dresden State and University Library
  14. ↑ Werner Dämmig, Wolfgang Künzel, Dieter Trommer: 100 Years of the Schönheide School 1898-1998 . Historical Festschrift, Schönheide 1998, p. 6
  15. ↑ Establishment of the school facilities in Wilzschhaus for Rautenkranz by the community of Schönheiderhammer (holdings 30364 Archivalie 95 in the Chemnitz State Archives)
  16. ^ Address book for Aue and 25 other places, 1930, p. 372 digitized
  17. ↑ Schönheider Wochenblatt, No. 28-31 / 2016 of July 15, 2016, p. 1f.
  18. ↑ Directories of the municipalities incorporated since May 1945, 1952, published by the Ministry of the Interior of Saxony
  19. ^ Minutes of the Landtag (1st electoral period, 59th session) of April 29, 1949, p. 1270 (digital copy)
  20. ↑ Erzgebirgs-Zweigverein Eibenstock (ed.): Hiking map of Eibenstock in the Erzgebirge and the surrounding area with panorama of the Auersberge , map drawn by Otto Findeisen, 4th edition, lithograph and print by Weisbach & Waengler, Annaberg, n.d. (copy with stamp imprint Auersberghaus July 25, 1909)
  21. ↑ Rainer Heinrich, Gordon Parzyk: The history of narrow gauge railway Wilkau-Haßlau-Carlsfeld , publisher German Reichsbahn, Bahnmeisterei Falkenstein / Vogtland Falkenstein / Vogtland 1988, page 55
  22. ↑ Jochen Czerny (Ed.): Republic in No Man's Land. A Schwarzenberg reading book , Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Saxony, Schkeuditz, 1997, ISBN 978-3-929994-94-0 , page 369
  23. ↑ www.freipresse.de Dampfross advertises narrow-gauge railways
  24. ^ Declaration on the Via Wilzschhaus tourism project. (PDF) Förderverein Via Wilzschhaus e. V. and Via Wilzschhaus GmbH, January 14, 2014, archived from the original on February 3, 2014 ; Retrieved January 19, 2014 .
  25. ↑ Video on Youtube [3]
  26. ^ Community Schönheide (ed.): Directory of the new street names and house numbers of the community Schönheide from January 1, 1975 , Schönheide 1974, p. 5
  27. ↑ Gerhard Ebisch: Old production facilities of the wood grinding, cardboard and paper industry in the valleys of the Zwickauer Mulde, the Schwarzwasser and the Mittweida and their tributaries, Schwarzenberg 2001, pp. 101-102
  28. ^ Topographic map 5541-NW-Wilzschhaus of the state enterprise Geobasisinformation und Vermessung des Landes Sachsen, 2nd edition, Dresden 2012
  29. ↑ Schönheider Wochenblatt No. 10/2015 of March 6, 2015, p. 1
  30. ↑ Leaflet of the DAV section Greiz [4] , accessed on September 15, 2015
  31. ↑ Overview map in the appendix and § 2 of the ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Directorate for the determination of the area of ​​community importance "Upper Zwickauer Muldetal" of January 26, 2011 (SächsABl.SDr. S. S 120) [5] . The overview map cannot be reached directly. By clicking on the overview map at the end of the regulation, it can be downloaded as a PDF file.
  32. ↑ a b c d Ordinance of the Chemnitz Regional Directorate for the determination of the area of ​​community importance "Upper Zwickauer Muldetal" of January 26, 2011 (SächsABl.SDr. S. S 120) [6] , accessed on January 3, 2015