Uttmanns Vorwerk

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Uttmanns Vorwerk
Community of Schönheide
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 16 ″  N , 12 ° 32 ′ 35 ″  E
Height : 615 m
Postal code : 08304
Area code : 037755
Uttmanns Vorwerk (Saxony)
Uttmanns Vorwerk

Location of Uttmanns Vorwerk in Saxony
Uttmanns Vorwerk on the Meilenblatt by Friedrich Ludwig Aster (1792)
Uttmanns Vorwerk on the Meilenblatt by Friedrich Ludwig Aster (1792)

Uttmanns Vorwerk , also Uttmannsches Vorwerk , was part of the community of Schönheide ( Erzgebirgskreis ) in the westernmost tip of the Saxon Ore Mountains .

Geographical location

Uttmanns Vorwerk was on the northeast sloping shoulder of the 725.5  m above sea level. NHN high mountain Knock between the valley of the Schönheider Dorfbach and that of the Filzbach on one side and that of the Zwickauer Mulde on the other. According to the natural space map of Saxony , the areas of the former Vorwerk are in the mesogeochore “Schönheider plateau” and belong to the microgeochore “Schönheider Kuppengebiet”.

Surname

The Vorwerk was named after one of the owners, Heinrich Uttmann, also written Uthmann or Utmann. It was only owned from 1576 to 1584, but for centuries the Vorwerk was referred to as "Uttmanns Vorwerk" in the Saxon miles sheets in 1792 and even into the 20th century. In 1839 Albert Schiffner called it "Vorwerk Streitwald or Uttmannsches Vorwerk". The same author writes in his work “Führer im Muldenthale”, published around 1848, that the south-eastern group of houses in Schönheides, the “Schedlichsberg”, is followed by the Uttmannische Vorwerk or Streitwald.

history

Emergence

The position of the forecourt in the hoof structure

The Vorwerk was built between the beginning of the settlement of Schönheide and the sale of Schönheide to Prince Elector August . Ernst Flath assumes that it was formed around 1560 from two farm estates that were created between 1542 and 1570 by clearing forest. The beginning of settlement is dated to around 1537. In the founding document for Schönheide, the so-called liberation letter of March 20, 1549 from Balthasar Friedrich Edler von der Planitz , the location of the double hooves is described as extending from the Dorfbach north to the Filzbach on the one hand and southwards to the Zwickauer Mulde on the other. The twenty hooves of the founding phase reached from the eastern edge of the village to about the source area of ​​the village stream. The Vorwerk is not mentioned in the founding deed.

On December 24, 1563, the heirs of Balthasar Friedrich Edler von der Planitz sold a large area in the western Ore Mountains, including Schönheide, to Elector August. The Vorwerk is also sold in this contract and is described as follows:

The newly prepared Forwergk with the house inside and all the other buildings in such a village with barns, places and everything that is otherwise attached to the Forwergk and the water ditch around it, with all the buildings, sampled all fields and associated meadow wax, in addition, as a rule, thirtyk bushels of fields Properly, with the breeding of Vihe and all other uses of none excluded, And should our little mouths, cousins ​​and sinews leave the cattle Vihe and all this year's feeding him for such forge, and the cattle, as it is respected by ungodly, paid in the cession take, but the hay feeding, if still available in the woods or barns, and not previously used for this forwerge, so in the Goltzsch estate.

The bailiff Hans Todt , head of the Schwarzenberg office , and Enderlein Meißner, head forester in this office, who in their report of June 1563, when describing Schönheide, qualify the Vorwerk as " the inspection and reporting on the areas, municipalities and other contractual items listed in the sales contract draft. a small fohrwerg ”, without giving further details. In the valley of the Zwickauer Mulde, the areas belonging to the Vorwerk extended to the confluence of the Wilzsch into the Mulde, more than six kilometers away .

Purchase and sale by Heinrich Uttmann

Heinrich Uttmann acquired the Vorwerk from Elector August on December 14, 1576. A sum of 1400 guilders was agreed as the purchase price. The Vorwerk is described in the sales contract as follows:

with all buildings, garden, agriculture, fields, meadows, ponds, streams, wooded areas, the reed water, moat, the fishing on the Mulda [...] .

In addition, it was stipulated in the contract that the lower jurisdiction , called in the text of the contract “court of inheritance”, “as far as such forbergks güther extend over his and her own property, obediently use them to receive”. As the residents of Schönheide conceded in the so-called Liberation Letter of 1549, the pre-factory buyer was allowed to "brew, give [serving] and bake" beer. In addition, he had to grant the elector or his “warrant holders” a free apartment in the Vorwerkshaus when they were in Schönheide for hunting or other reasons.

After less than eight years, on April 4th, July / April 14, 1584 greg. Heinrich Uttmann sold the Vorwerk again. The new owner was Melchior Siegel , a tenth in Eibenstock , who bought the Schönheiderhammer hammer mill just a year later and thus established the Siegel family's ownership of this hammer mill that lasted until the beginning of the 18th century.

Schönheiderhammer and Uttmanns Vorwerk

Since Heinrich Uttmann sold the Vorwerk to Melchior Siegel in 1584 and the latter bought the hammer mill in 1585, the Vorwerk and Hammerwerk seem to have remained in one hand. In his Schönheide story, published around 1909, Flath writes that after Melchior Siegel took over the mill on the Zwickauer Mulde that was still owned by Planitz in 1591, the "hammer and farm owner" is the owner of all "properties belonging to the community and estate district of Schönheiderhammer" become. Flath does not report any later separation of ownership of the Vor and Hammerwerk. The owner of the hammer mill in Schönheiderhammer, Carl Gottlob Rauh, submitted a request to the electoral administration around 1798, which had courts and legal domicile on the subject. This formulation was used: "for his hammer mill Schönheide and the combined application, otherwise called Uttmannische Vorwerk". Albert Schiffner mentions in his work Description of Saxony , published in 1840 , that Schönheiderhammer includes a Vorwerk. “Saxony's Church Gallery” from 1844 describes the Vorwerk as “belonging to” the hammer mill. After the contribution to the “New Saxon Church Gallery” written by Schönheid Pastor Friedrich Vollmar Hartenstein in 1900, Schönheiderhammer “developed from the Vorwerk 'Schönheyde' (the Uttmannschen Vorwerk) and the hammer mill 'Schönheyde'. That is why the history of this place is essentially that of the exempten manor and ironworks. ”Since 1876,“ the place, the [...] manor and ironworks Schönheiderhammer ”have been called. In the characterization of the then current state of Schönheiderhammer, the term “village and manor district” is used.

Uttmanns Vorwerk is not mentioned in Christian Gottlob Wabst's "Historical Message from the Electorate of Saxony ..." from 1732 in the overview of the Vorwerk in the Schwarzenberg Office . Albert Schiffner reports in Volume 18 of Schumann's Lexicon about the district of Schädlichsberg , saying that it was “assembled with the small hammer fore”. The statement in the same work that Elector August "smashed this. [Ige] Vorwerk among the peasants" is obviously incorrect. In 1838, the “Church Statistics Handbook for the Kingdom of Saxony” reported that the Hammerwerk Schönheide secondary school also included the children of “Uttmannsvorwerk”. In the 1845 edition of this manual it is stated that “Schönheider Hammer and Uttmannisches Vorwerk” are “parish” to Schönheide. The place directory for Saxony from 1857 also mentions "Schönheidaer Hammer [sic!] With Uttmannschen Vorwerk" in combination. The place directory from 1862 calls Uttmanns Vorwerk a "Ortstheil", which belongs to the political community Schönheiderhammer. The same applies to the “Ort-Lexicon von Deutschland” published in 1868.

The Vorwerk is expressly mentioned in the ordinance of 1849 for the formation of the 75 Saxon Landtag electoral districts as "Schönheider Hammer with Uttmannschem Vorwerk" and assigned to the 48th electoral district of Eibenstock.

Dispute over areas on the Wilzsch

Areas at the confluence of the Wilzsch in the Zwickauer Mulde were part of the "Forberg with its affiliation". The town of Schneeberg , which had been entitled to raft wood on the Zwickauer Mulde to Aue since 1539, felled trees on these areas around 1641 and transported them away. In 1641, Jeremias Siegel asked the Elector to protect him against this. This request has not been decided for a long time. The elector's administration asserted that the hereditary right of ownership and use of the land did not also include the use of the trees growing on it. The elector decided in 1655 that either forest interest had to be paid regularly for the use of wood or that the disputed areas had to be returned to the electoral forests. The current owner of the Vorwerk, Heinrich Siegel , heir to Jeremias Siegel, who died in 1646, did not accept this . The city of Schneeberg had renewed the dispute. In both 1659 and 1665 Heinrich Siegel turned to the elector. Susanne Siegel, Heinrich Siegel's widow, who used these areas “for renting grass, aborting, rafting wood and the like actibus”, got advice from the law faculty of the University of Wittenberg . In a statement from 1646, the latter assessed the legal situation in such a way that under imperial law the trees growing on the site belong to the hereditary owner and that there is no contrary state law regulation. The faculty wrote to the widow:

So much then appears hero that the growth of the wood belonging to the Vorwerck, on the Mulde, against the incursion of the Multzsch [so! what is meant is Wilzsch], you, along with your children, as owners of the Vorwercks, Schönheyde, are authorized to usurp yourselves.
Areas of the former Vorwerk (around 1960)

This difference of opinion between the Vorwerkowner and the administration had "not really settled down until the beginning of the 19th century".

Sale offer 1862

Advertisement from 1862 for the sale of the Uttmannschen Vorwerk

In an advertisement in the Leipziger Zeitung on May 6, 1862, the owner of the "Eisenhüttenwerk Schönheyde", Hugo Edler von Querfurth, offered the Uttmannsche Vorwerk for sale in addition to the Hammergut. It has an area of ​​around 35 acres of fields, meadows, etc. According to the size of the area in Saxony at that time , one acre corresponded to around 5534.232 m², so the Vorwerk had an area of ​​a good 19 hectares .

Fire in 1863

Because some districts of Schönheide were "separated from the actual complex of the more closely built village at a greater distance and built in a more dispersed manner", they were exempted from the ban on shingle, thatch and cane roofs. This ban was introduced in Saxony for cities and "in the country" by the "Ordinance, building control measures to avert the risk of fire relating to March 11, 1841". This exemption also applied to “the so-called Uttmann'sche Vorwerk located in the immediate vicinity of Schönheida”.

On January 7, 1863, the buildings of the Uttmannschen Vorwerk burned down, a thirty-four-year-old Schönheider had set fire five times around the turn of the year 1862/63. The buildings do not appear to have been rebuilt. In the equidistant map from 1876, the comparatively large pond at the Vorwerk is still shown, there are no buildings that could be clearly assigned to the Vorwerk, and there is no entry such as "Vwk."

Land reform after 1945

According to the yearbook of the wealth and income of millionaires in the Kingdom of Saxony , published in 1912 , the brothers Horst Edler von Querfurth and Hans Hugo Edler von Querfurth owned the Schönheiderhammer hammer mill with a size of 537 hectares. It is unclear whether this included the areas of the Vorwerk and how much of it they accounted for. After the end of the Second World War , the von Querfurth family's agricultural land is said to have been only 65 hectares. After the land reform in the Soviet-occupied zone of Germany, during which the Querfurth agricultural land was divided up, new buildings for the farm of a new farmer were built in the eastern part of the areas of the former Vorwerk . They are still standing today. After the establishment of the Schönheider Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG) “Forward”, the areas of this new farmer were also included. From the 1970s on, both single-family houses and apartment buildings were gradually built on it.

Web links

Commons : Uttmannsches Vorwerk  - collection of images

Remarks

  1. ↑ S. list of owners of Schönheider Hammer
  2. ↑ Flath only writes "the Uttmannsche Vorwerk [...] went up in flames". He does not report which buildings were affected, nor whether it was a homestead with just one building.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Natural space map service of the Landschaftsforschungszentrum eV Dresden ( information )
  2. ^ A b c d Christian Friedrich Hempel : General Lexicon Iuridico-Consultatorium or Repertory . Second part, at WL Springs seel. Erben and Johann Gottlieb Garben, Frankfurth and Leipzig 1752, column 1204 ( link to the digitized version )
  3. ^ A b Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 270 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  4. ↑ Sheet 185 of the Freiberg copy of the Meilen Blätter von Sachsen from 1792 with additions up to 1876 ( link to the map sheet in the Dresden State and University Library )
  5. ^ A b Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 252 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  6. ^ Albert Schiffner: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. First delivery, containing the Zwickau directions district. Leipzig 1839, p. 194 ( digitized version )
  7. ^ Albert Schiffner: The leader in the Muldenthale, from the Voigtlands heights to the union of the two hollows . In 16 deliveries, containing 37 views, taken from nature by Gustav Täubert, lithographed by J. Riedel, Verlag von Gustav Täubert, Dresden (no year, 1848), p. 12 ( link to the digitized version in the Leipzig University Library p. 12 cannot be called up directly, scroll through the digitized version or click on "Schönheide" in the table of contents on the left.)
  8. ↑ Ernst Flath: From the history of our hometown , in: Heimatgeschichtliche Festzeitung. Festive supplement to the Schönheider Wochenblatt on the occasion of Schönheide's four-centenary, August 21, 1937, unpag. (P. 2)
  9. ^ Karl Gottlob Dietmann : The entire ... priesthood in the Electorate of Saxony ... Volume I.3: Konsistorium Wittenberg. Richter, Dresden, Leipzig 1755, p. 609 ( online ).
  10. ^ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 178 ( digitized in the Dresden State and University Library )
  11. ↑ a b Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 191 Digital copy in the Dresden State and University Library
  12. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), wording of the charter: pp. 177–179 ( digitized in the Dresden State and University Library )
  13. ^ A b Gottfried August Arndt : Archives of Saxon History , Part 2, Leipzig 1785, pp. 367–388. Wording of the purchase contract (digital version)
  14. ↑ Gottfried August Arndt: Archive of Saxon History , Part 2, Leipzig 1785, p. 387. Wording of the report (digitized version)
  15. ↑ s. Openstreetmap.org
  16. ^ A b Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 267 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  17. ^ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 271 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  18. ↑ Main State Archives Dresden, archival document 10025 Secret Consilium, No. Loc. 05672/01 ( link to the digital finding aid )
  19. ^ Albert Schiffner: Description of Saxony and the Ernestine, Reuss and Schwarzburg lands . With 192 views and 2 maps, J. Scheible's Buchhandlung, Stuttgart 1840, p. 305 ( link to the digitized version in the Saxon State and University Library in Dresden )
  20. ↑ Saxony's Church Gallery. 11th volume. The Voigtland, including the ephorias of Plauen, Reichenbach, Auerbach, Markneukirchen, Oelsnitz and Werdau . Dresden 1844, p. 179 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  21. ↑ Georg Buchwald (ed.): New Saxon Church Gallery. Ephorie Schneeberg . Leipzig 1902, column 561 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  22. ↑ Georg Buchwald (ed.): New Saxon Church Gallery. Ephorie Schneeberg . Leipzig 1902, column 564 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  23. ↑ Christian Gottlob Wabst: Historical news of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated Lands Current constitution, their high and low justice , Verlag Caspar Fritsche, Leipzig 1732, Beylage page 90 ( digitized in the State and University Library Dresden , see also link to the digitized )
  24. ↑ Friedrich August Gottlob Schumann: Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony, containing a correct and detailed geographical, topographical and historical representation of all cities, towns, villages, castles, courtyards, mountains, forests, lakes, rivers etc. of the entire royal family . and Prince. Saxon country including the Principality of Schwarzburg, the Erfurt area, as well as the Reussian and Schönburg possessions. Volume 18, published by the Schumann brothers, Zwickau 1833, page 726f. Digitized
  25. ↑ Carl Ramming (ed.), Wilhelm Haan (author): Ecclesiastical-statistical manual for the Kingdom of Saxony , printed and available from the publisher, Dresden 1838, p. 245 ( link to the digitized version )
  26. ↑ Carl Ramming (ed.), Wilhelm Haan (author): Church-statistical manual for the Kingdom of Saxony , Ramming-Verlag, Dresden 1845, p. 245 ( link to the digitized version )
  27. ↑ CFT Rudowsky: directory of whole villages of the Kingdom of Saxony , Print by Carl Ramming, Dresden 1857, p 67 ( digitized )
  28. ↑ Alphabetical list of places of the Kingdom of Saxony , edited according to official documents by the statistical bureau of the Ministry of the Interior, printing and publishing by C. Heinrich, Dresden 1862, p. 676 ( digitized version )
  29. ↑ H. Rudolf: Most Complete Geographical-Topographical-Statistical Location Lexicon of Germany , E. Ernst's Verlag, Zurich 1868, Sp. 4734 ( digitized version )
  30. ↑ Law and Ordinance Gazette for the Kingdom of Saxony, 26th part of the year 1849, Ordinance for the implementation of the provisional law, concerning the state elections, of September 19, 1849, p. 202 ( digital copy )
  31. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 272 ​​( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  32. ↑ See Adelung , accessed on January 9, 2020
  33. ^ A b Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 273 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  34. ↑ s. also Johann Heinrich von Berger and Christoph Heinrich von Berger : Consilia iuris , published by Lanckische Erben, Leipzig 1731, p. 194 ( link to the digitized version ) as well as general legal oraculum, or Des Heil. Roman-Teutschen Reichs Juristen-Faculty, which instructs the Roman-Teutsche civil and embarrassing law ... everywhere in advance . The Hochteutsche Rechtsgelahrte Societät, Zehender Band, Im Verlag Johann Samuel Heinsi seel. Erben, Leipzig 1751, p. 489 ( link to digitized version )
  35. ↑ Second supplement to No. 106 of May 6, 1862 in the Leipziger Zeitung, accessed on May 22, 2020
  36. ^ Rudolf von Trautzschen: The building laws and building regulations of the Kingdom of Saxony , FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1859, p. 288 digitized
  37. ↑ Gottlob Leberecht Funke: The police laws and ordinances of the Kingdom of Saxony, with the epitome of the organic and formal provisions , Volume V, Hahn'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1856, p. 345 digitized
  38. ↑ Sheet 136 - Section Schneeberg - the Saxon equidistant map on a scale of 1: 25,000 from 1876 ( link to the map sheet in the Saxon State and University Library )
  39. ↑ Rudolf Martin: Yearbook of the wealth and income of the millionaires in the Kingdom of Saxony , Verlag Rudolf Martin, Berlin 1912, p. 165 ( link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  40. ^ Johannes Müller and Roland Edler von Querfurth: 1566-2015. 450 years of the Schönheide ironworks. The era of the von Querfurth family. From foundry to industrial company . Without place and year (Schönheide, around 2016), p. 23
  41. ^ The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 106.