Wilzsch

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Wilzsch
The Wilzsch in Carlsfeld.

The Wilzsch in Carlsfeld.

Data
Water code DE : 54114
location Saxony , Germany
River system Elbe
Drain over Zwickauer Mulde  → Mulde  → Elbe  → North Sea
origin in the Großer Kranichsee high moor 50 ° 24 ′ 29 ″  N , 12 ° 35 ′ 16 ″  E
Source height 950  m above sea level NN
muzzle at Wilzschhaus in the Zwickauer Mulde Coordinates: 50 ° 28 '24 "  N , 12 ° 30' 55"  E 50 ° 28 '24 "  N , 12 ° 30' 55"  E
Mouth height 591.5  m above sea level NN
Height difference 358.5 m
Bottom slope 27 ‰
length 13.3 km
Catchment area 25 km²
Reservoirs flowed through Carlsfeld dam

The Wilzsch is a right tributary of the Zwickauer Mulde in Saxony and, according to the EU Water Framework Directive, belongs to the "Central Central Uplands" Ecoregion.

Natural location

According to the natural map of Saxony, the Wilzschtal forms the microgeochore "Carlsfelder Wilzsch-Tal", which is part of the mesogeochore "Eibenstocker Bergrücken".

course

It rises in the Western Ore Mountains in the Großer Kranichsee high moor on the Czech border and is dammed at Weitersglashütte in the Carlsfeld dam (also Weiterswiese dam ). In its further course to the northwest lies the Eibenstock district of Carlsfeld . This is followed by the small settlements of Blechhammer , Wilzschmühle and Neues Wiesenhaus , which also belong to Eibenstock . It flows into the Zwickauer Mulde at 591.5 meters above Schönheiderhammer near Wilzschhaus next to the former Schönheide Süd train station .

Brooks leading to the Wilzsch are on your right side Kleine Wilzsch , Wolfseifenbach , Kramsbächel / Kramsbach , Tränkwasser and on your left side Wölflebächel , Kalter Brunnenbach and Zigeunerbach . Between the Wilzschmühle and Neues Wiesenhaus settlements, the Rautenkranzer Hammergraben branched off from the Wilzsch and led along the western slope of the Wilzsch and the southern slope of the Zwickauer Mulde to Rautenkranz. Its water was used to drive the Rautenkranz hammer mill. This trench is still present in rudiments today.

AS von Zeutsch describes the Wilzsch in his alphabetical index from 1792:

"Wilzschbach, this little river falls above Eibenstock into the Zwickauer Mulde."

Albert Schiffner mentions him in his "Führer im Muldenthale" , published around 1848 . He describes the Wilzsch like this:

“The Wilzsch converges not far from the Bohemian Graenze and the Weiters-Glashütte on one of the roughest parts of the country, runs down northward in a boggy forest floor that can hardly be conquered, to Carolsfeld, where Lohrmann still found it 2520 'high, receives here from the east or from Zeisiggesange the little Wilzsch, then touches the isolated royal forest or Wilzschhaus, opposite which the Wilzschberg rises, is 1927 'above sea level on the Eibenstock-Rautenkranzer Strasse, and its northwestern run is 2 hours long. "

In Volume 10 of August Schumann's State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony from 1825, it is pointed out that Wilzsch belongs “almost entirely to the so-called Saxon Siberia ; and even its mouth is at 1900 feet above the sea. "

  • The Wilzsch from Carlsfeld to the confluence with the Zwickauer Mulde

  • The Wilzsch on the lower edge of Carlsfeld

  • In Neues Wiesenhaus

  • Wilzsch valley

  • It flows into the Zwickauer Mulde in Wilzschhaus

Surname

Siegfried Sieber sees the name as being explained by the Old Sorbian word Vilca ( Wolfsbach , from wilk = wolf). The old word should be supplemented with reka for Bach. He points out that the Wölfeberg is close by and that the two tributaries Wöflebächel and Wolfseifenbach flow into the Wilzsch.

Water quality

Water from the Wilzsch in Wilzschmühle, characterized by humic input
The Wilzsch valley in the Neues Wiesenhaus area

At the beginning of the 1990s, the Wilzsch was classified in quality class I along its entire length (with this definition: unpolluted to very lightly contaminated, sections of water with pure, always almost oxygen-saturated and nutrient-poor water; low bacterial content; moderately densely populated, predominantly by algae, moss, Vortex worms and insect larvae; if cool in summer, spawning waters of salmonids ). The Wilzsch is an organically shaped body of water in its upper course. It carries humic substances with it , which arise in the moors and forests above the dam. Under certain circumstances - with heavy precipitation and during the snowmelt - the humic content increases sharply. Since the 1990s, the concentration has increased. With the water from the Wilzsch, these substances reach the Carlsfeld dam. The Saxon dam administration does not consider this pollution to be harmful to health and describes it as natural inputs that discolor the water. However, these could "lead to quality problems and have to be laboriously removed in the waterworks". The brown color of the water and the associated low visibility are also caused by the humic pollution. In order to stabilize the raw water quality and to be able to absorb the peaks of humic matter in the water feeding the dam in the future, a retention basin, a dam that separates the water from the dam from the Wilzsch, a diversion ditch and on the bottom of the dam were built a pipeline with a diameter of 30 centimeters was built. If there is a high level of humic pollution, the water from the Wilzsch flowing into the dam is routed via a distributor structure into this retention basin, from where it flows back into the Wilzsch via the pipeline through the reservoir and the dam and below the dam. According to the state dam administration, the first damming after the construction of the new facilities resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of humic substances entering the dam. The 1,100-meter-long pipeline used to divert the humid-contaminated water is to be extended so that this water can flow as far as the Glashüttenbach and then over this creek and the Große Bockau to the Zwickauer Mulde, and thus the Wilzsch and, in particular, the Eibenstock drinking water reservoir no longer would burden. The planning approval decision of the Chemnitz regional directorate for this project is expected in 2016.

The average annual rainfall in the area of ​​the Carlsfeld dam is 1200 millimeters.

climate

With an annual mean temperature of 5.1 ° C to 6.1 ° C (downstream), the Wilzsch valley area is one of the coldest areas of the Upper Western Ore Mountains on average for the year. In terms of air movement, it is one of the valleys with low exchange rates and the resulting special risk of frost. In the Wilzsch area there are "wind-protected, but frost-prone valleys due to radiation deficits", numerous foggy days and "sunny and shady slopes".

environment and nature

After a stock data in between 1982 to 1990, the Wilzsch was almost over the entire length of the breeding area dippers .

Mining on the Wilzsch

Mine landscape east of the Wilzsch on a picture map from around 1520

To the east of the Wilzsch, in the area of ​​the forest area dominated by the Riedertberg ( 775  m above sea level ), west of Eibenstock and south of the Zwickauer Mulde, profitable tin mining was practiced as early as 1500. The mines, their ancillary facilities such as stamping works as well as Wilzsch, Kleine Wilzsch and other streams are shown in a picture map from around 1520. Not far from the mouth of the Kleine Wilzsch there was a stamping mill called “Bvchwerk an der Kleine Wiltzsch” on the map, which was used to process the ore mined in the two tin mines “Vordere and Hintere Schmochau”. Another stamp mill is marked south of the mouth of the Kleine-Wilzsch, "Bvchwerk in der Wiltzsch". The most profitable pits in the tin mining area of ​​the Wilzsch area included the “Schmuge”, which can be identical to the pits on the map, as well as the “Fleschmaul”, “Spindel” and “Rosszeche” pits. Names like the Wolfseifenbach, which flows south of Wilzschmühle into the Wilzsch, and the Rotgrubenweg in its source area still remind of the mining past .

Rafting and milling operations

The Wilzsch and its tributaries were used to raft the wood cut from the surrounding forests. When Elector August bought Neustädtel , Schönheide and Stützengrün as well as considerable wooded areas to the left and right of the Mulde in 1563 , the evaluation by Schwarzenberg magistrate Hans Todt particularly emphasized whether their wood could be transported away via rivable brooks and rivers . Karl August Engelhardt reports:

"The Wilzsch, which falls into the Zwickau Mulde above Eibenstock, was used as a raft as early as 1571."

Later there was the raft inspection of the Saxon elector for the Wilzsch and Mulden rafts with an electoral Saxon head supervisor and an electoral Saxon raft master , which was already included in the first court and state calendar of Saxony of 1728 Names are listed. Theft of wood that was floated on the Wilzsch prompted Elector August the Strong to issue special regulations to combat thieves. On April 10, 1710, the “Mandate against the Holzdeuben on the Wilzsch and Mulden streams” was issued . In 1771 it was reported under the heading Wiltzsch rafts :

“The Wiltzsch is a small river, which falls above Eibenstock into the Zwickauische Mulde, and for which a wooden raft was previously prepared. This is all, and more than one cannot be specified. "

AS von Zeutsch confirms this in his alphabetical index from 1792, but writes: “Wilzschflöse was already in operation in 1571; but it went back soon afterwards "

Albert Schiffner reported in 1839 that the Wilzsch had been used for rafting, and in 1848 emphasized that the Wilzsch was "a strong raftable brook" . In 1865 it was reported that the town of Zwickau also received its raft wood from the Wilzsch. The use of rivers and streams for wood removal in the Ore Mountains generally ended only after the middle of the 20th century with the construction of the railways. It is unclear whether the rafting in the Wilzschtal only ended with the commissioning of the railway to Carlsfeld in 1897. The "Floßholzzechenweg", which lies east of Carlsfeld in the direction of Ober-Wildenthal, is a reminder of the removal of the wood by the rafting company in the region.

The water power of Wilzsch was used to operate several mills - certainly cutting mills .

traffic

The Wilkau-Haßlau-Carlsfeld narrow-gauge railway once ran through the Wilzschtal . Today the entire length of the valley is opened up by state road 276.

additional

The Wilzsch is not to be confused with the Wilisch , which was also called Wilzsch in the literature of the early 19th century. In Volume 10 and Volume 18 of August Schumann's State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony, Albert Schiffner points out that names were identical at the time.

See also

literature

  • Albert Schiffner: The leader in the Muldenthale, from the Voigtland heights to the union of the two hollows . In 16 deliveries, containing 37 views, taken from nature by Gustav Täubert, lithographed by J. Riedel, Gustav Täubert, Dresden (no year, 1848), p. 12 ff. ( Link to the digitized version in the Leipzig University Library )
  • Wilzsch. In: The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, pp. 151–153.

Web links

Commons : Wilzsch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Saxony Atlas of the Free State of Saxony ( notes )
  2. ↑ Map overview of the Saxon water network. Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, accessed on July 13, 2014 .
  3. ↑ Map overview of the above-ground catchment areas. Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, accessed on July 13, 2014 .
  4. ↑ a b c Saxon State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology, area of ​​landscape ecology, area conservation, technical contribution to the landscape program - natural space and land use - profile "Upper Western Ore Mountains", no year, p. 6 archive link ( Memento from March 4, 2016 on the Internet Archives )
  5. ↑ Topographic map 5541-NW-Wilzschhaus of the Land Surveying Office Saxony, 1st edition, Dresden 1996
  6. ↑ a b c Topographic map 5541-NW-Wilzschhaus of the state enterprise Geobasisinformation und Vermessung des Landes Sachsen, 2nd edition, Dresden 2012
  7. ↑ a b A. S. von Zeutsch: Alphabetical list of the large and small rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, valleys, forests, and floodplains that exist in the Electorate of Saxony, as an appendix to the alphabetical index of all localities in the Electorate of Saxony , In the Waltherischen Hofbuchhandlung, Dresden 1792, p. 53 Digitized in the Dresden University Library
  8. ^ A b Albert Schiffner: The leader in the Muldenthale, from the Voigtlands heights to the union of the two hollows . In 16 deliveries, containing 37 views, taken from nature by Gustav Täubert, lithographed by J. Riedel, Verlag von Gustav Täubert, Dresden (no year, 1848), p. 12 ( digitized in the Leipzig University Library p. 12 is cannot be called up directly, scroll through the digitized version or click on "Schönheide" in the table of contents on the left.)
  9. ↑ a b Wilzsch . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 10th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1823, p. 755.
  10. ↑ Wilzsch. In: The mining landscape of Schneeberg and Eibenstock (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 11). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1967, p. 152.
  11. ↑ St. Kauk: Habitat Flowing Waters - Endangerment and Protection , in: Staatliches Umweltfachamt Chemnitz (Ed.): Ecological assessment of waters in the administrative region of Chemnitz , editorial deadline on October 30, 1993, 2nd edition, Chemnitz undated (1993), P. 15
  12. ↑ a b c d e Press release of the State Dam Administration Saxony 57/2010 of December 9, 2010 [1] , accessed on October 4, 2015
  13. ^ Annual report of the Saxon state dam administration for 2005, p. 6
  14. ↑ Flyer of the Saxon state dam administration from August 2013 on the Carlsfeld dam [2]
  15. ↑ Presentation of the construction company [ archived copy ( memento of October 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive )], accessed on October 3, 2015
  16. ^ Annual report of the Saxon state dam administration for 2011, p. 7
  17. ↑ Mail information dated October 7, 2015 from the Zwickauer Mulde / Obere Weisse Elster plant of the Saxon state dam administration
  18. ↑ International Commission for the Protection of the Elbe: The Elbe and its catchment area - a geographical, hydrological and water management overview, Chapter 4.6 - The Mulde, n.d., published after 2002, p. 107 digitized version ( Memento of 6 May 2016 on the Internet Archives )
  19. ↑ Saxon State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology, area of ​​landscape ecology, area nature conservation, technical contribution to the landscape program - natural space and land use - profile "Upper Western Ore Mountains", n.d. , p. 4 archive link ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  20. ↑ Saxon State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology, area of ​​landscape ecology, area nature protection, technical contribution to the landscape program - natural space and land use - profile "Upper Western Ore Mountains", n.d. , p. 5 archive link ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ A.Günther: On the ecology and stock situation of the dipper Cinclus cinclus aquaticus BECHSTEIN 1803, in the administrative district of Chemnitz , in: Staatliches Umweltfachamt Chemnitz (Ed.): Ecological assessment of waters in the administrative district of Chemnitz , editorial deadline on October 30, 1993, 2nd edition, Chemnitz o. J. (1993), p. 47
  22. ↑ Picture map of the mines Vordere and Hintere Schmochau around 1520, in the museum rooms of the Freiberg mountain archive in Freudenstein Castle .
  23. ↑ Explanatory text from the Freiberg mountain archive on the map, see Explanation on Commons.Wikimedia for the picture integrated in this text
  24. ↑ Gottfried August Arndt, Archive of Saxon History , Part 2, Leipzig 1785, p. 385 ff. ( Digitized version )
  25. ↑ Thank God Immanuel Merkel: Earth description of Electoral Saxony and the countries belonging to it . Third volume. Third, improved and increased edition. Edited by Karl August Engelhardt, member of the electoral prince. Saxon. Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences. Dresden-Friedrichstadt from the author and Leipzig from Barth, 1804, p. 154 ( digitized version )
  26. ↑ Royal. Polish and Elector Saxon. Hoff and Staats calendar to the year 1728 . To be found in Weidmannische Buchladen, Leipzig 1728, unpag. ( Digitized version of the relevant page in the digital collections of the Duchess Anna Amalia Library in Weimar )
  27. ↑ Karl Gotthold Merbeth: Chronological register of both the Codex Augusteus and the collection of laws for the Kingdom of Saxony , Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig 1834, p. 79 ( digitized version )
  28. ↑ Gottfried Immanuel Grundig and Johann Friedrich Klotzsch : Collection of mixed news on Saxon history , Volume 6, Johann Christoph Stößel, Chemnitz 1771 p. 250 ( digitized version )
  29. ^ Albert Schiffner: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony . First delivery, containing the Zwickau directions district, Friedrich Fleischer, Leipzig 1839, p. 409 ( digitized version )
  30. ↑ Festschrift for the 25th festival meeting of German farmers and foresters in Dresden, E. Blochmann and Son, Dresden 1865, p. 69 of the second part of the digitized version
  31. ↑ Author collective: Brockhaus travel guide Erzgebirge Vogtland , VEB FA Brockhaus Verlag, 2nd edition, Leipzig 1976, p. 265
  32. ↑ Topographic map 1.25.000, edition with hiking trails, sheet 15 Westerzgebirge, Eibenstock, Johanngeorgenstadt, Staatsbetrieb Geobasisinformation und Vermessung Sachsen, 2nd edition Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-86170-717-2
  33. ↑ Communications from the Statistical Association for the Kingdom of Saxony, 3rd delivery, contributions to the topography and climatic conditions of the Kingdom of Saxony, from Christian Wilhelm Vogel, Leipzig 1833, p. 4 digitized
  34. ↑ Wilzsch . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 18th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1833, p. 1003.