Franz Armand Buhl

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Franz Armand Buhl, drawing by Anton von Werner (1889)

Franz Armand Buhl (born August 2, 1837 in Ettlingen , † March 5, 1896 in Deidesheim ) was a German politician. He was a member of the German Reichstag and Reichsrat of the Crown of Bavaria . Buhl was a representative of the Palatinate viticulture and co-founder of the German Viticulture Association . In his hometown of Deidesheim, Buhl ran the F. P. Buhl winery .

family

Buhl was a son of the politician Franz Peter Buhl (1809–1862) and his wife Josefine, née Jordan (1813–1872), a daughter of the Landtag MP Andreas Jordan (1775–1848). Buhl had two younger brothers, Eugen (1841-1910) and Heinrich (1848-1907). In 1865 he married Julie Schellhorn-Wallbillich (1847–1901), the sister of the Reichstag member Wilhelm Schellhorn-Wallbillich from Forst ; with her he had a son, Franz Eberhard (1867–1921).

Career

Buhl was born on August 2, 1837 in Ettlingen and initially received private lessons from a tutor, Albrecht Sturtz, who later worked as dean in Zweibrücken . From the age of 15 he attended a grammar school in Mannheim . He then learned at the commercial academy in Lübeck the knowledge that was necessary to run his parents' winery, which he was to take over as the eldest son. Here he met Karl Peter Klügmann , with whom he had a lifelong friendship. After graduating from the commercial academy, Buhl studied in Heidelberg , mainly natural sciences, and received his doctorate in philosophy.

After taking a few long trips, in 1862, after the death of his father, he took over the management of his parents' winery, F. P. Buhl . On October 24, 1865, he married Julie Schellhorn-Wallbillich, the sister of Wilhelm Schellhorn-Wallbillich , who later became a member of the Reichstag . The marriage increased the area under vines of his winery, including 25  acres of vineyards in Königsbach .

politics

Before the founding of the empire

Buhl got access to politics through his father Franz Peter Buhl, at whose instigation he appeared at public meetings. When the German War broke out in 1866 , the inhabitants of the Palatinate feared the invasion of France. Buhl then founded the "Association to protect the interests of the left bank of the Rhine" together with Fritz Eckel from Deidesheim; the war was short-lived, however, and the danger of the Palatinate being annexed by France quickly passed. The sympathies of the southern German patriots, including Buhl, were aimed at a small German solution , and they wanted the southern German states to join the North German Confederation . In 1867 the customs parliament , a representative body in the German customs union , was brought into being, in which Buhl's uncle Ludwig Andreas Jordan had a mandate.

In 1870 the Franco-Prussian War broke out in which the Palatinate was threatened again by French annexation. Buhl was designated by the French as one of the outstanding patriots in the Palatinate in the event of their conquest for deportation to the South American penal island of Cayenne .

In the German Reichstag

Buhl in his role as Vice President in the Reichstag in Leipziger Strasse in 1889 (center)

After the establishment of the German Empire in 1871, Buhl was elected to the first German Reichstag in the constituency of Homburg-Kusel for the National Liberal Party , of which he belonged to the right wing . In the next seven Reichstag elections, he was re-elected in this constituency; he had a mandate for a total of 22 years. In the 7th German Reichstag, from 1887 to 1890, Buhl was its vice-president. In addition to matters relating to agriculture in general and viticulture in particular, Buhl was also a consultant for the military budget. He advocated that soldiers who were wounded in the Franco-Prussian War , but the consequences of the wound were not immediately recognizable, receive compensation from the imperial disposition fund.

Buhl was significantly involved in social legislation , as a company founder and manager he had a lot of knowledge that he could bring here; The Health Insurance Act was passed in 1883, the Accident Insurance Act in 1884 and the Old Age and Invalidity Insurance Act in 1889. As an expert in the field of viticulture, Buhl was also represented in committees relating to viticulture; while he was involved in the creation of the phylloxera law in 1873 and the viticulture law in 1892.

After the National Liberal Party broke up in 1879/80, Buhl was instrumental in drafting the so-called “Heidelberg Declaration” in 1884, with which the National Liberal Party was renewed.

Since Buhl had to take into account the interests of his agricultural constituencies in his constituency, but he did not always succeed, his activity in the Reichstag ended: when, under Chancellor Leo von Caprivi between 1890 and 1894, several trade agreements had to be renewed, the Reichstag decided that the Import duties on grain and wine were reduced. In return, some advantages were achieved for German industry. Caprivi's laws were also nodded by Buhl, which earned him some criticism in his constituency. Although Buhl was offered the candidacy again in 1893, Buhl then waived in favor of Heinrich von Marquardsen because they did not want to give him a free hand in the upcoming vote on the German-Russian trade agreement.

Other political offices

Buhl was a member of the Neustadt - Dürkheim district council and from 1877 to 1885 a member of the Palatinate district administrator, from 1882 to 1885 its president. On October 23, 1885, Buhl was appointed lifelong Imperial Councilor of the Bavarian Crown by King Ludwig II of Bavaria , which is why he had to resign from the district administrator. As Reichsrat, Buhl was a consultant in the matter of progressive income tax , which he spoke out against.

Viticulture

As the head of a large winery, Buhl was an important representative of the Palatinate and German viticulture and wine trade. He was considered a specialist in agricultural issues, especially viticulture. He was a recognized expert in the cellar treatment of his wines. He was particularly interested in the shelf life of his wines. When the Suez Canal opened in 1869, Buhl's wines caused a sensation because their taste was not affected by the great heat, because Buhl had managed to preserve even sensitive select wines in bottles using a warm filling process.

His expertise was in demand when phylloxera threatened to spread in the German wine-growing regions, which had already caused great damage in France. Values ​​of many millions of Reichsmarks threatened to be lost. In 1873, Buhl played a key role in the passing of a law that prohibited the introduction and transplanting of grapevines. He was the state supervisory commissioner in investigations into phylloxera and was involved in conferences on phylloxera issues in Erfurt , Wiesbaden and other places. In addition, Buhl was involved in drafting a law in 1892 that was supposed to prevent counterfeiting of wine.

In 1874 Buhl was a co-founder of the German Wine Association , the first economic and political representation of German viticulture. He was elected vice-president, and after the president Adolph Blankenhorn had to give up his post due to illness, he was executive president of the viticulture association from 1879 to 1891. Numerous viticulture congresses took place under his leadership: 1876 in Kreuznach , 1879 in Koblenz , 1881 in Heilbronn , 1882 Dürkheim , 1883 Mannheim , 1884 in Geisenheim , 1885 Colmar , 1886 Rüdesheim , 1887 Freiburg , 1889 Trier and 1890 in Worms . Buhl resigned his offices in the winegrowing association in 1891 in order not to be considered biased when the Reichstag passed the wine law.

Association memberships

In addition to the German Winegrowing Association , of which Buhl was co-founder and executive president, he was also a board member of the Neustadt - Dürkheim regional agricultural committee, member of the regional agricultural committee of the Palatinate, as well as its representative in the Bavarian agricultural council, and also a member of the German agricultural council . In addition, he was a board member of the committee for trade and commerce for the Neustadt-Dürkheim district and a member of the Palatinate Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Ludwigshafen .

Entrepreneurial activity

In addition to working in his winery, Buhl was also a co-founder of the worsted spinning mill in Kaiserslautern and a member of its supervisory board for 33 years. He was involved in founding a fertilizer factory in Kaiserslautern, as well as in founding a cotton spinning mill in Lampertsmühle . Buhl was also a co-founder and member of the supervisory board of the Pfälzische Hypothekenbank in Ludwigshafen . He also bought some sulfur mines in Italy.

Awards

In addition to the appointment to the Council of Commerce , Buhl was awarded the following medals:

Buhl declined an offer to the nobility that was offered to him.

death

In February 1896 Buhl fell ill with flu, from which he died on March 5th. Buhl's widow Julie received telegrams of condolence from Otto von Bismarck , who called him his "personal friend and colleague", from the German Reichstag , from the Chamber of Imperial Councilors of the Crown of Bavaria, from the Second Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly , as well as from Prince Regent Luitpold and Prince Ludwig von Bavaria. His funeral on March 7th was a great expression of mourning; the Pfalzbahn used a special train to bring the mourners from Neustadt an der Haardt to Deidesheim. The Mayor of Deidesheim, Johann Julius Siben, called Buhl the greatest and best citizen of the city of Deidesheim at the funeral service.

literature

Web links

Commons : Franz Armand Buhl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ : Kermann Economic and social development ... f S. 245th
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Johann Josef Hermann Schmitt:  Buhl, Franz Armand . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 55, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1910, pp. 715-720.
  3. ↑ Kermann: Economic and social development ... S. 246th
  4. ↑ Kermann: Economic and social development ... S. 246th
  5. ^ WD 1 Stefan Schmidt: German Bundestag - Reichstag in Leipziger Strasse . In: German Bundestag . ( bundestag.de [accessed November 7, 2018]).
  6. ↑ a b c Theodor Schieder:  Buhl, Franz Armand. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 10 f. ( Digitized version ).
  7. ↑ Kermann: Economic and social development ... S. 245th
  8. ^ Fritz Schumann: Buhl, Franz Armand (1837-1896). Society for the History of Wine eV, accessed on December 16, 2016 .
  9. ↑ a b Dirk Hainbuch, Florian Tennstedt: Biographisches Lexikon ... p. 27.
  10. ↑ Kermann: Economic and social development ... S. 251st
  11. ↑ In the manuals, first names are always abbreviated
personal data
SURNAME Buhl, Franz Armand
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Buhl, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NLP), MdR and winemaker
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Ettlingen
DATE OF DEATH March 5, 1896
Place of death Deidesheim