Deidesheim

This article covers the city in Rhineland-Palatinate. For further meanings, see Deidesheim (disambiguation) .

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 24 '  N , 8 ° 11'  E
Basic data
State :	Rhineland-Palatinate
County :	Bad Dürkheim
Association municipality :	Deidesheim
Height :	120 m above sea level NHN
Area :	26.53 km 2
Residents:	3705 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	140 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	67146
Area code :	06326
License plate :	DÜW
Community key :	07 3 32 009
Association administration address:	At the train station 5 67146 Deidesheim
Website :	www.deidesheim.de
City Mayor :	Manfred Dörr ( CDU )
Location of the city of Deidesheim in the Bad Dürkheim district

The historic town hall , a landmark of the city. In the background is the Ulrichskirche , on the right edge of the picture the market place with the Andreasbrunnen , the Deidesheimer Hof and the Dienheimer Hof .

Deidesheim is a city and a climatic health resort with 3705 inhabitants (December 31, 2019), which is located in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Bad Dürkheim in the northwest of the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region . Since January 1, 1973, the city has belonged to the Deidesheim community , whose administrative seat it is also.

The place was probably built in the 9th or 10th century as a subsidiary of the neighboring community of Niederkirchen , and with the construction of the Prince-Bishop's Speyer castle as the official seat , Deidesheim soon surpassed the older Niederkirchen in importance. In 1395 Deidesheim got from Bohemian and German King Wenceslas the city rights awarded and has since - except for the years 1819-1838 - as a city. There is evidence that viticulture has been practiced here since 770 . At the beginning of the 19th century, Deidesheim was the first place in the Palatinate whose wineries began to produce quality wine. Today Deidesheim is one of the largest wine-growing communities in the Palatinate wine-growing region , and viticulture is its most important economic factor alongside tourism .

geography

location

Southern part of the village, behind it the vineyards of the Palatinate wine-growing region with the German Wine Route, the Haardt at the top right of the picture

Deidesheim is located in the Palatinate in the area of the Weinstrasse region , about half a kilometer east of the Haardt at an altitude of 120  m above sea level. NHN . The place is located in the northwest of the Rhine-Neckar metropolitan region , in the middle of the Palatinate wine-growing region and is crossed by the German Wine Route . The following cities and municipalities border Deidesheim:

	Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse (3.5 km) Forst an der Weinstrasse (2 km)	Friedelsheim (5 km) Rödersheim-Gronau (6 km)
		Niederkirchen near Deidesheim (2 km) Meckenheim (Pfalz) (4 km)
Lindenberg (Pfalz) (7 km) Neidenfels (10.5 km) Frankeneck (11 km) Lambrecht (Pfalz) (9.5 km)	Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (7.5 km)	Ruppertsberg (1 km)

Distances - as the crow flies from town center to town center - are rounded to the nearest half kilometer.

Division of space

The 2654  hectare area of ​​the area belonging to the city extends over the three morphological and landscape-ecological units Palatinate Forest , the hill zone of the Weinstrasse region and the Rhine lowlands .

With 1784 ha, forest covers most of the area. Deidesheim, to which the neighboring Niederkirchen belonged until 1819 , originally had a forest area with an area of ​​about 12,000 acres (about 3,000 ha). The area was the east by Haardt rand - from forestry -Deidesheim to Gimmeldingen - Neustadter valley reaching - in the south of Hambach Geraidewald , in the west of the Frankenweide and north of Wachenheim limited forest. It also included the districts of the communities Lambrecht and Lindenberg .

On the agriculturally used areas, which cover the second largest part of the district with 626 hectares, there are on the one hand vineyards, which are mainly west and north of the city in the foothills in front of the Haardt, but sometimes also extend into the plain. To the east of the city there are mainly meadows.

Division of the municipal area
Forest			1784 ha (67.2%)
Agriculture			626 ha (23.6%)
traffic area			107 ha (4.0%)
Settlement area			95 ha (3.6%)
water			15 ha (0.6%)
Other use			27 ha (1.0%)

According to data from the State Statistical Office , as of December 31, 2016.

Surveys

Kirchberg, on the slope the Michaelskapelle

The highest elevations are the mountains of the Palatinate Forest in the west of the district: the Hohe Stoppelkopf (566 m), the part of the watershed between the catchment areas of the Speyerbach (south) and the Isenach (north), the Vordere Langenberg (545 m), the Hermannskopf (530 m) and the corner head (516 m) with the corner head tower . Closer to the place, on the east ridge of the Haardt , are the Rehberg (337 m), the Waldberg (343 m) with the Gymnastics Memorial and the Kirchberg (344 m); The Heidenlöcher is on its top and the Michaelskapelle on its slope . In the extreme southwest of the district on the border with Lambrecht, the Eichelberg and the Kreuzberg extend .

Waters

The Marlach, which runs in a west-east direction, rises on the south-eastern edge of the settlement area . It flows into the Floßbach east of Dannstadt-Schauernheim . The Weinbach , whose source, the Weinbachspring , is captured, has its origin in the Martental of the Palatinate Forest - in the Deidesheim district . The Weinbach takes water from the Grimmeisenbrunnen about 400 m east of its source . It flows in a west-east direction through the buildings and flows east of Niederkirchen near Deidesheim into the Marlach. The old Weinbach also has its origin east of Deidesheim ; the Moosbach, which rises east of the Eckkopf, is a tributary to it.

The Mußbach , which rises in the forest area of Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse , flows part of the way through the Deidesheim area; In this area he takes a 700 m long brook "Schnookebrunnen" from the left. It crosses the Benjental and on the border to Neustadt an der Weinstrasse it passes the hunting lodge “Looganlage”. East of the village of the same name Mußbach it flows into the Rehbach . The Schlangentalbach , which initially flows eastwards and crosses the border to Lindenberg shortly after a change in direction of flow to the south, flows from the left into the Speyerbach , and the Luhrbach , which flows in a north-south direction, rises in the far west of the district von Lambrecht also flows into the Speyerbach.

climate

The Palatinate Forest rises west of the city.

Macroclimatically, Deidesheim is influenced by the relief of the surrounding area: The rainy areas that come in from the west and south-west have to rise and rain down because of the Palatinate Forest upstream to the west . The air that has become dry then falls back east of the Palatinate Forest, where it can warm up. Because of this, the amount of precipitation in the lee of the Palatinate Forest is quite low, while the duration of sunshine is relatively high. At 40 to 50, the number of summer days clearly exceeds the national average.

From a local climatic point of view, the city is part of the climatically favored foothills of the Wine Route. With an average altitude of 235 m above sea level. NHN at the edge of the forest, the Deidesheim area extends to around 130 m above sea level. NHN down to the lower central slope area of ​​the foothill zone. The foothills of the Madental and Sensental, as well as the north-west of Deidesheim of the Einsteltal, form drainage channels for the cold air streams coming from the Haardt. In addition, small hollows and dents in which cold air can collect have a local climatic effect.

The climatic conditions in Deidesheim have almost Mediterranean features, which is evident from the ripening of figs , almonds and bitter oranges in the area; Warmth-loving crops such as grapevines benefit from this in particular . This favors the large-scale viticulture here: the long vegetation period allows the wine to mature fully, and frost damage is rare. Wines made here can reach a high quality.

The mean annual temperature is 9.9 ° C; in July the mean temperature is 18.8 ° C, in January 0.7 ° C. The highest temperatures and most precipitation are in the summer months, with precipitation often falling during thunderstorms and long dry phases in summer being not uncommon.

Mean monthly average temperatures and precipitation for Deidesheim Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.3 5.4 10.2 14.8 19.3 22.6 24.3 23.6 20.6 14.7 8.1 4.6 O 14.3 Min. Temperature (° C) −1.8 −1.1 1.2 4.5 8.2 11.7 13.4 12.8 10 5.9 2.2 −0.3 O 5.6 Temperature (° C) 0.7 2.1 5.7 9.6 13.7 17.1 18.8 18.2 15.3 10.3 5.1 2.1 O 9.9 Precipitation ( mm ) 46 43 40 46 59 71 62 68 53 47 53 53 Σ 641 T e m p e r a t u r 3.3 −1.8 5.4 −1.1 10.2 1.2 14.8 4.5 19.3 8.2 22.6 11.7 24.3 13.4 23.6 12.8 20.6 10 14.7 5.9 8.1 2.2 4.6 −0.3 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec N i e d e r s c h l a g 46 43 40 46 59 71 62 68 53 47 53 53   Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Climate & Weather in Deidesheim , climate-data.org, accessed on May 26, 2017

geology

Embankment wall northwest of Deidesheim at the geotope "Am Kirchenberg". Rheingrabenrand- fault (center of picture); right ocher-colored, folded sandstone, left loess

A significant event in the development of the landscape near Deidesheim and the whole of the Vorderpfalz was the collapse of the Upper Rhine Graben opposite the Haardt , which began around 65 million years ago in the Old Tertiary and continues to this day. During the Ice Ages , the slopes gradually slid off and were dragged away by the wind ; furthermore, the area in front of the Haardtgebirge was cut up by streams that arise in the Palatinate Forest . This reshaping of the original surface relief resulted in the formation of an alluvial fan level with embankment and erosion terraces. In dry and cold phases, loess layers formed in the area due to wind influences : The prevailing easterly winds blew calcareous sand and dust from the Rhine, which at that time often had no water. The winch was slowed down by the Haardt mountain wall, so that loess accumulated here on faults and in the lee of small hollows; near Deidesheim these deposits are up to eight meters high.

To the west and north-west of Deidesheim, the Voltziensandstein from the Triassic , which predominates in the central Palatinate Forest, represents the oldest stratigraphic unit in the district alongside the so-called Rehberg strata . Pleistocene deposits can be found in the southwest of the city ; they originated about 1.5 million years ago. To the north it is surrounded by a band of Pliocene deposits that formed about 3 million years ago. In the east, the most recent stratigraphic units can be found with Holocene deposits. With foreign material such as basalt, bricks and manure, humans have changed the natural structure of the soil. The most important soil types at Deidesheim are different Rigosole , Rendzina , Parabraunerde and calcareous Terra-fusca .

history

Place name

A sticker based on a place name sign on a car with the Palatinate place name as a commitment to Deidesheim

The earliest mentions of the place name can be found in documents of the Weißenburg monastery (699) as well as the Fulda monastery (770) and the Lorsch monastery (770/71 to around 800). They related to the neighboring Niederkirchen near Deidesheim , the mother community of Deidesheim. Today it is assumed that the place name comes from Franconian times. In the area around Deidesheim there were numerous Franconian local foundations, which today have the ending " -heim ". The place name possibly refers to "Theodin", who is said to have founded Niederkirchen. According to this declaration, the name "Didinnischaime" from the document from 699 stands for "Home of Theodin" (= Dîdîn).

The first demonstrable distinction between “Niederdeidesheim”, today's Niederkirchen, and “Oberdeidesheim”, today's Deidesheim, did not exist until the 13th and 14th centuries. After a church was built in Deidesheim at the beginning of the 14th century , the church of the mother community was called "Lower Church" or "Lower Church", while the Deidesheim church was called "Upper Church". This is how the name "Niederkirchen" came about for the mother community, and the name "Deidesheim" was transferred from Niederkirchen to the daughter community, today's Deidesheim, at the end of the Middle Ages.

In the local dialect - in Palatine - the city is called "Deisem".

Middle Ages and early modern times

Emergence

Deidesheim probably came into being in the 9th or 10th century as a daughter settlement next to Niederkirchen on the district's boundary. The individual settlements became independent with the construction of the prince-bishop's castle in Deidesheim, which was first mentioned in 1292. Deidesheim soon surpassed the older Niederkirchen in importance due to its favorable location on a street and the construction of the castle; Such a shift in focus as a result of the construction of a castle or fortification is not unusual and can also be found, for example, in Bad Kreuznach and Ingelheim am Rhein .

Belonging to the Speyer Monastery

In the early Middle Ages, Deidesheim was essentially owned by the wealthy Erimbert, who provided Deidesheim for the first time in a document through a donation, and his clan. In the years 1057 and 1086 Heinrich IV donated parts of Deidesheim to the St. Emmeram and St. Martin altars of the Speyer Cathedral, as well as the St. Guido Monastery (Speyer) . Through donations from Johannes I around the year 1100, Deidesheim finally came into the possession of the Principality of Speyer . The deed of donation has not been preserved, but details can be found in Philipp Simonis ' work “Historical Description of All Bishops in Speyr”; however, the accuracy of this information is disputed.

Becoming a city

The crown on the historical and traditional fountain refers to King Wenceslas.

Remains of the city wall in Spitalgasse

The southern gate of the city fortifications, rebuilt in Baroque form in 1731, with front gate and kennel. Drawing by Ferdinand Kobell (1783)

The northern city gate, the so-called "Wormser Tor". Etching by H. Thierry (1796)

As records of the Speyer bishopric show, Deidesheim quickly developed into an economically important place, to which the settlement of financially strong Jews contributed, who had their own community in Deidesheim until the pogroms during the plague around 1349. A testament to the financial strength of the city is the fact that it was pledged by the Speyer bishop from 1430 to 1439 and from 1465 to 1472 because he had to raise large sums of money. Since around 1300 the city was also the seat of the Deidesheim district , the north-western part of the Speyer monastery. Corresponding to this development, the desire of the inhabitants to offer the economically flourishing place greater protection from attacks emerged, which was finally met by the Speyer bishop Gerhard von Ehrenberg by granting the fortification rights in 1360; At that time, with the construction of the city ​​fortifications , the aim was to make Deidesheim a city in order to create a central place in the northern part of the Speyer bishopric.

However, it took 35 years before Deidesheim was granted city rights: This was done on the initiative of the Speyer bishop Nikolaus von Wiesbaden , who on Valentine's Day (February 14) of the year 1395 - in addition to the confirmation of his possessions and rights in Deidesheim - from the Bohemian and German King Wenzel was formally granted the city rights requested for Deidesheim. While the Speyer bishop was particularly favored by this becoming a town, this also had positive effects for the townspeople: In contrast to the villages in the vicinity, serfdom was in fact renounced; this only came into force again when they moved away. In addition, the extent of the compulsory labor that had to be performed was limited. This privilege was valid until the 18th century, when the inhabitants of the Speyer bishopric were legally equated.

Times of War and Consequences

Another aspect of the city's development was the fact that the fortifications, which were only able to protect the city to a limited extent in times of war, offered protection against roving rabble in everyday life. In the years 1396, 1460, 1525 ( German Peasants' War ), 1552 when Albrecht Alcibiades withdrew to the Speyer Monastery, Deidesheim suffered significant damage as a result of acts of war. Even during the Thirty Years' War the city was not spared: in 1621 it was captured and plundered by Protestant troops under Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld ; In 1631 it was conquered again by Protestant troops when the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf invaded the Palatinate with his troops, and it was finally captured and sacked again in 1639 by Protestant troops. In the Palatinate War of Succession , Deidesheim was conquered by French troops in 1689 and German troops in 1693, in some cases plundered and burned down; The city was hardest hit in 1689, when it was almost completely burned down on September 6 by French troops under Ezéchiel de Mélac and then had to be largely rebuilt from scratch.

The numerous wars prevented Deidesheim from developing even more positively in the late Middle Ages; Nevertheless, the city can be seen as the most successful of all the cities founded by the Speyer bishops, which was due to the fact that the local wine was valued for its quality due to the favorable climate, which is why many nobles were in Deidesheim, who gave impetus for the development of the city; these included the von Bach , the Leyser von Lambsheim , the Schliederer von Lachen and the von Böhl .

Towards the end of the Holy Roman Empire and the rule of the Speyer bishops in Deidesheim, the city was finally able to become administratively and economically a central place in the northern part of the Speyer bishopric, as was intended in the 14th century; However, this was due to the fact that the area of ​​the Speyerer Hochstift had shrunk somewhat since then.

French Revolution

Loss of urban privileges

During the 18th century the population grew rapidly, so that the city wall gradually became too small; because it could no longer properly fulfill its protective function and was not maintained, it slowly began to deteriorate. Also in the 18th century, the Speyer bishops curtailed the municipal rights of the Deidesheimers, which they had acquired when they were granted city rights at the end of the 14th century, including the de facto renunciation of their serfdom, the right to freedom of movement and the restriction of labor. This led to numerous complaints with the episcopal government of the bishopric; once again - under the impression of the revolutionary events in France - in 1789, together with Bruchsal , which also belonged to the bishopric. The Bishop Speyers, August von Limburg-Stirum , then expressed fear of revolutionary unrest to the Roman-German Emperor Joseph II and called on him to take action against revolting subjects. In fact, by means of a message sent by express courier, Joseph II urged the Deidesheimers and Bruchsalers to calmly await the outcome of their petition. After Joseph's death in February 1790, August von Limburg-Stirum used the power vacuum that had developed to reject all demands. Only his successor, Philipp Franz Wilderich Nepomuk von Walderdorf , the last Prince-Bishop of Speyer, finally freed the city from its serfdom in 1798 under the auspices of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.

First coalition war

Map of the Speyer bishopric from 1735. The Deidesheim office , which was dissolved after France's annexation of the left bank of the Rhine , is located in the northwest.

A bad time for Deidesheim began on April 20, 1792 with the beginning of the First Coalition War , during which the fortunes of war in the area of ​​today's Palatinate changed very frequently. On February 18, 1793, French revolutionary troops reached Deidesheim for the first time ; They demanded an oath from the Deidesheimers, which they only complied with reluctantly. On April 2 of the same year, Prussian troops retook Deidesheim. After the defeat of the allied troops at the Battle of Weissenburg on December 26, 1793, French troops conquered the city and the entire area on the left bank of the Rhine ; Deidesheim was massively plundered by the laxly led French troops, which led to a serious emergency of the population (in the Palatinate there was talk of the “looting winter”). On May 23, 1794 there was finally a battle directly near Deidesheim, in which Prussian troops under Wichard von Möllendorff , Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher and French troops faced each other and the French were expelled as a result; some parts of Deidesheim were destroyed when the French army withdrew. After another major attack by the French in July 1794, the allied troops were again forced to retreat across the Rhine and Deidesheim was again in French hands. In 1795 the city was conquered for the last time by imperial troops, which were soon moved back to the right bank of the Rhine. The peace of Campo Formio (1797) finally formally regulated French rule between Bingen and Landau; From then until 1814, Deidesheim belonged to the Département du Mont-Tonnerre . At the beginning of the 19th century, the city recovered economically from the damage of the First Coalition War; however, its role as the center of administration , which it held before the revolution, had passed to Dürkheim , which became the capital of the newly formed Canton of Dürkheim , to which Deidesheim now belonged. During this time, Deidesheim was the seat of a Mairie , to which the neighboring Niederkirchen also belonged.

19th century

Pre-march

Deidesheim around 1840: The city fortifications have largely disappeared and the former city limits have been built over in many places.

After the collapse of Napoleonic rule in 1814, allied troops occupied the part of Germany on the left bank of the Rhine. Between 1814 and 1816 Deidesheim was under Austrian and Bavarian administration, from April 30, 1816 Deidesheim was part of the kingdom as part of the Rhine district , which from 1838 bore the name "Kreis Pfalz", as a result of the territorial reorganization of Europe at the Congress of Vienna Bavaria . In 1819, Niederkirchen , which was a district of Deidesheim for a short time after the Congress of Vienna, was raised to an independent municipality, as a result of which Deidesheim lost almost a third of its inhabitants and was downgraded from a town to a municipality. It was not until 1838 that the number of inhabitants had again reached a level that allowed it to be raised again to a town on March 20, 1838, in accordance with the constitutional provisions of Bavaria. From 1818 to 1862 Deidesheim belonged to the Landkommissariat Neustadt ; from this the district office of Neustadt emerged.

Throughout the 19th century and well into the 20th century, the agricultural occupational groups far outnumbered the others; the only “industry” of importance was fruit preservation . Franz Peter Buhl was the pioneer here , and later the "Deidesheimer Conservernfabrik J. Biffar & Cie " was added. In the 1820s, local winegrowers suffered from falling prices as a result of the expansion of viticulture and the levying of tariffs on internal German borders; the Bavarian Customs Act of July 22, 1819 stipulated that goods imported from Bavaria on the left into the right bank of the Rhine were subject to duty. Because of this, at the Hambach Festival in May 1832, which was also attended by a delegation from Deidesheim, participating vintners from Dürkheim carried a black protest flag with them. With the establishment of the German Customs Association on January 1, 1834, the customs barriers around what is now Palatinate finally fell, which permanently improved the situation of the local winegrowers.

Palatine uprising

Many Deidesheimers initially viewed the Palatinate uprising and its objectives positively; On May 15, 1849, 500 guilders were paid into the treasury of the National Defense Committee , Mayor Ludwig Andreas Jordan reported to the Neustadt mayor's office that Deidesheim had set up a vigilante group and that the city council had decided to use all means to support the Paulskirche constitution . After a provisional government had been formed in Kaiserslautern on May 17th , which asked the Deidesheim officials to take an oath on the Paulskirche constitution, Mayor Ludwig Andreas Jordan delayed this until the arrival of Prussian troops, so that the city of later sanctions were largely spared. Nevertheless, the people of Deidesheim, especially the landowners, viewed the pursuit of German unity with sympathy. On July 23, 1852, the former Bavarian King Ludwig I , who had abdicated in 1848, came to their city. During this visit, some landowners aroused the anger of the district president because they had hoisted black, red and gold flags, although this had been expressly forbidden in advance.

After the founding of the empire

Cooperage in Weedgasse (around 1900)

From the 1850s, viticulture in Deidesheim experienced a heyday, after the Zollverein and then the imperial unit allowed increasingly freer competition to develop and new sales markets to be opened up in Russia and North America. In the last years of the 19th century, however, the picture changed and viticulture slipped into a deep crisis as a result of the artificial production of wine, the importation of cheap wines on a large scale and the appearance of pests such as the sour worm and phylloxera local viticulture was temporarily in decline. Nevertheless, viticulture remained the most important branch of the economy; At the turn of the century, more than half of the male population worked in agriculture, of which 78% were winemakers, and a further 21% worked as craftsmen, such as cooper .

On May 6, 1865, the city was connected to the Neustadt – Dürkheim railway line and developed into an important transshipment point in the Rhine Palatinate; In 1890, when receiving fertilizer, it was still ahead of Ludwigshafen am Rhein and all other places with train stations in the Palatinate.

In 1886 the first swimming pool in the Palatinate was opened in Deidesheim. At the turn of the century some important industrial achievements made their way: around 1894 the place received a gas plant, in 1896 electrical lighting was added, in 1897 a local electricity network, and in 1898 the place was connected to a general water supply. Furthermore, at the end of the 19th century, all important manors had a telephone connection. In 1902 the city moved to the newly created district office of Dürkheim .

Weimar Republic and Third Reich

French occupation

French occupation soldier in a backyard of Deidesheim (1918)

The development of Deidesheim between the world wars essentially coincides with that of the Palatinate. After the end of the First World War in 1918, French troops moved in and units were quartered in the village - at times more than 2500 men. In August 1921 there was a major forest fire in which about 300 hectares of forest burned, 130 hectares of which was the Deidesheim city forest. All male residents older than 17 years were recruited to fight the fire; a total of around 500 firefighters were called in, which were later supported by 300 French occupants. The extinguishing work dragged on for three days and three nights.

The policy of the French occupation was to politically and culturally alienate the inhabitants of the Rhineland from the rest of the empire and to promote separatism, which was reflected in 1919 (proclamation of the Palatinate Republic ) and especially in the year of hyperinflation in 1923 (proclamation of the autonomous Palatinate ). Separatists formed a provisional government in the Palatinate in 1923 and asked all local authorities for formal recognition; however, under the leadership of Deidesheim's mayor Arnold Siben, numerous mayors rejected this request and called for a referendum. Siben achieved that Deidesheim, unlike most of the Palatinate communities, was not occupied by separatists. In July 1930 the French troops evacuated the Rhineland; In the course of the subsequent celebrations, President Paul von Hindenburg visited the Rhineland and also came to Deidesheim. A year later, the Dürkheim district office was dissolved, so that the Neustadt counterpart was again responsible for Deidesheim.

Third Reich and World War II

Memorial to the fallen in Deidesheim, created by Ludwig Kern

In contrast to the rest of the Palatinate, which made an above-average contribution to the rise of the NSDAP , the Deidesheimers elected the Center Party with an absolute majority in the Reichstag elections until 1933 ; Before the seizure of power in 1933, 17 residents had joined the party and the local branch of the NSDAP founded by Adam Durein in 1930, which also included Forst an der Weinstrasse , Ruppertsberg and Niederkirchen . There was no destruction in Deidesheim during the pogroms of November 9, 1938 , but one day later the houses of two Jewish families and the Jewish cemetery were devastated. The synagogue had already been sold by the Jewish community in 1936 and therefore escaped destruction. From 1939 Deidesheim was part of the district of Neustadt . During the Second World War , the city was initially spared from severe war damage. But on March 9, 1945, shortly before the end of the war, the hospital was hit by a bomb; eight people lost their lives. On March 21, 1945, American units moved in without a fight, although an anti-tank barrier had already been prepared in autumn 1944 , but some citizens had prevented it from closing.

Since the establishment of the Federal Republic

Structural development

In 1946 Deidesheim became part of the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate within the French occupation zone , which ended membership of Bavaria . After the war, some infrastructure improvements were made. The street lighting and the swimming pool were modernized and a sewer system was created; the primary school was rebuilt in 1960, the “Paradiesgarten” town hall was built in 1964, and a secondary school ten years later. The population exceeded the 3000 mark; Because Deidesheim could not expand further west without sacrificing the best vineyards for the development, a new zoning plan was decided in 1978 , which directed the structural development to the east, so that from now on the place expanded mainly east of the Neustadt – Dürkheim railway line . In the course of the first administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate , the city moved in 1969, together with most of the towns in the Neustadt district, which was dissolved at the same time, to the newly created Bad Dürkheim district . With forest on the wine route, Ruppert, Lower bei Deidesheim and Meckenheim (Pfalz) Deidesheim is since 1 January 1973 Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim . In 1974 a community sewage treatment plant was completed near Niederkirchen for the local communities of the association and in 1978 the district sports facility for the association of Deidesheim was built, to which a sports hall was added in 1993.

State guests in Deidesheim

Deidesheim gained a lot of media attention through the visits of high-ranking foreign state guests whom Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl invited on state visits to Deidesheim between 1989 and 1997. Often the state guests were in the Deidesheimer Hof the court SAUMAGEN served. The guests of state who came to Deidesheim with Kohl were the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (April 30, 1989), the Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev (November 10, 1990), the Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (June 16, 1991) and the American Vice-President Dan Quayle (February 9, 1992), the Czech President Václav Havel (October 14, 1993), the Russian President Boris Jelzin (May 12, 1994), the British Prime Minister John Major (October 1, 1994) and the Spanish royal couple Juan Carlos and Sophia (July 17, 1997).

Population development

Population development in Deidesheim according to the table below. Above from 1530 to 2018. Below an excerpt from 1871

Population development

year Residents 1530 about 500 1618 about 630 1667 561 1702 444 1737 895 1774 1,241 1815 1,760 1849 2,729 1871 2,697 1895 2,783

year Residents 1917 2,197 1933 2,559 1953 3,100 2006 3,739 December 31, 2010 3,692 December 31, 2011 3,732 December 31, 2015 3,779 December 31, 2016 3,797 December 31, 2017 3,769 December 31, 2018 3,760

Shoes at the Königsgarten are reminiscent of emigrants.

From the time of the Middle Ages there is no known information about the population of Deidesheim. In some cases considerable fluctuations in the number of inhabitants in the 17th and early 18th centuries were the result of numerous wars; Deidesheim was particularly hard hit by the Thirty Years' War and the War of the Palatinate Succession . In the relatively peaceful later 18th century, Deidesheim experienced rapid population growth, so that the population at the time of the French Revolution was almost three times as large as at the end of the Middle Ages.

After the initially rapid population growth up to the year of the Palatinate Uprising in 1849, Deidesheim's population did not increase significantly in the second half of the 19th century - contrary to the general trend in Germany at the time of industrialization - and decreased at the turn of the 20th century even, so that Deidesheim had fewer inhabitants in 1917 than in 1823; The reason for this was the emigration of numerous Deidesheimers to North America and an emigration to industrial locations. Only years after the First World War did the population of Deidesheim return to levels like in the middle of the 19th century. After the Second World War, the number of residents increased again sharply as a result of numerous new arrivals and exceeded the 3,000 mark for the first time. In recent years the population has remained relatively constant and amounts to 3,705 inhabitants (December 31, 2019).

religion

Catholic community

history

After Deidesheim had reached a certain size as a daughter settlement of Niederkirchen , the parish seat was moved from Niederkirchen to Deidesheim; this happened between 1437 and 1460. For this reason, too, the construction of a spacious church became necessary: ​​construction of the church began in 1444 and in 1473 it was essentially completed. It was built in place of a smaller Marienkapelle mentioned for the first time around 1300 and consecrated to Saint Ulrich of Augsburg .

The Reformation could not prevail in the prince-bishopric of Speyer , to which Deidesheim belonged and whose bishop was the city lord of Deidesheim ( cuius regio, eius religio ). However, it caused considerable difficulties in filling the pastorate in the second half of the 16th century. In 1750 and 1820, respectively, the subsidiary communities of Niederkirchen and Forst were spun off and made independent parishes. For a short time, after the French annexation of the left bank of the Rhine, the Deidesheim parish belonged to the diocese of Mainz from 1802 to 1817 , then again to the diocese of Speyer .

When the deaneries in the Speyer diocese were reorganized in 1980, Deidesheim was assigned to the deanery in Bad Dürkheim . Due to the increasing shortage of priests, the parish of St. Ulrich formed a parish community from 2006 to 2015 with the two parishes of St. Margareta (Forst) and St. Martin ( Ruppertsberg ), whose parish seat was in Deidesheim. On January 1, 2016, the parish of St. Michael was formed, which consists of the formerly independent parishes of St. Ulrich (Deidesheim), St. Margareta (Forst), St. Martin (Ruppertsberg), St. Martin (Niederkirchen) and St. Agidius ( Meckenheim ) as parishes (parishes). The parish seat and the parish office of the parish St. Michael are in Deidesheim.

In December 2016, 1,903 Deidesheim residents were Roman Catholics; this corresponded to a share of 49.99% of the population.

building

Parish center St. Bernhardushof

The following sacred and secular buildings belong to the Catholic community:

• Church of St. Ulrich (main construction period between 1444 and 1473)
• Hospital chapel at Deidesheimer Spital (built 1496)
• Michaelskapelle on the Kirchberg (built around 1470, destroyed 1794, rebuilt 1952)
• Cemetery chapel (built 1619)
• Liebfrauenkapelle (built on the occasion of the jubilee year 1950)
• Parish center St. Bernhardushof (expanded from 1979)
• Catholic Kindergarten St. Hildegard (established 1981).

people

In the parish of Deidesheim, among others, the Speyer Bishop Konrad Reither (1838) and the Mainz Bishop Ludwig Maria Hugo (1897–1900) worked as chaplains. The priests here included Ignaz Windisch (until 1783), Michael Schnetter (1829–1837) and Heinrich Hartz (1940–1965). Numerous clergymen come from Deidesheim, including Richard von Deidesheim (around 1200–1278), dean of Wimpfen Monastery , Dietrich von Deidesheim (around 1305– around 1360), chancellery of the Kurtrier administration, Johann Fart (around 1420–1491), reform abbot in the Maria Laach Abbey , Peter Scheibenhart (around 1478–1529), professor at Heidelberg University , Franz Tafel (1799–1869), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly and Franz Seraph Schaub (1870–1927), professor of church history.

Protestant community

Protestant Church

The proportion of Protestants in Deidesheim's population was low for a long time. In 1788 only four Protestants lived here, in 1863 there were 38, and by 1871 the number rose to 144. In 1874/75 the Protestant church was built by converting a barn, and in 1890/91 it was given its tower.

After the Second World War, the community grew rapidly as a result of numerous immigrants. In 1950 there were 420 Protestants in Deidesheim, in 1953 there were 530. In 1956/57 the church was expanded and a parish hall was built. From 1957 Deidesheim together with Niederkirchen near Deidesheim and Ruppertsberg formed a branch of the community of Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse ; Although the parish had a presbytery consisting of five people since 1876 , it was not yet recognized as a branch parish by the regional church council. By resolution of the Rhineland-Palatinate Ministry of Culture of March 8, 1957, the parish was granted the status of a corporation under public law . In 1973, Forst was added to the Weinstrasse . The parish has had its own pastoral office since 1984 and in 1988 it was raised to an independent parish by a Wachenheim branch parish, which belongs to the dean's office of Bad Dürkheim-Grünstadt of the Evangelical Church of the Palatinate .

In December 2016, 904 Deidesheimers were Protestant, that was 23.77% of the population.

Jewish community

Former synagogue

→ Main article : Deidesheim Jewish community  and list of stumbling blocks in Deidesheim

In 1302 Jews were first mentioned in Deidesheim. The Jewish community died out when all Jews were expelled from the town in the pogroms of 1349. In the 17th century a Jewish community was formed again.

The number of members of the Jewish community rose to 95 by the middle of the 19th century; During this time, in 1852/53, the synagogue , which has meanwhile been profaned, was built . Then the number of Jews decreased again. In 1934 three Jewish families with eleven people lived in Deidesheim. In 1936 the synagogue in need of renovation was sold. On October 22, 1940, Jews from Deidesheim were deported as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign . Fanny Reinach was the only Jewish person from Deidesheim who survived the Holocaust and was able to return to Deidesheim after the Second World War.

The former Jewish cemetery on Platanenweg is around 800 m² and is a listed building. A total of 95 gravestones from the period since 1700 could still be restored there in 1946 after the cemetery was devastated during the November pogroms in 1938 .

In December 2016, two Deidesheimers were Jewish, that was 0.05% of the Deidesheim population.

Others

The proportion of non-denominational Deidesheimers or those without information was 902 people in December 2016, which corresponds to 23.69% of the population in Deidesheim. Three people were Old Catholics , eight Greek and eight Russian Orthodox . Two people belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran Churches , one person from the Free Religious State Community of Palatinate . 69 people were listed under “Other”.

politics

coat of arms

The seal of the court of Deidesheim from 1410 is stamped on this coin.

This coin shows the seal of the city of Deidesheim from 1693.

Blazon : "In blue a floating silver paw cross , in the upper right and lower left corner a six-pointed golden star."

Foundation of the coat of arms: The oldest authenticated Deidesheim seal from 1410 still showed a coat of arms with a continuous cross, which stood for the bishopric of Speyer , and a six-pointed star in the upper right field . With this seal, which was labeled "S * des * Gerihtes * zu * Dideshe", documents from the mayor , the council and the court of Deidesheim were certified. There is evidence that a seal with a coat of arms of this shape was still in use in 1686. A Deidesheim coat of arms with only one star in the upper right field is on the cemetery chapel. After the destruction of Deidesheim in the Palatinate War of Succession , a new seal was made in 1693. This had the inscription "DER * STAT * DEIDESHEIM * INSIGEL * 1693". It showed a floating cross and two eight-pointed stars in the upper right and lower left fields. In 1795 the Deidesheim coat of arms was also angled by two eight-pointed stars. Later, the city of Deidesheim applied to be allowed to use this coat of arms with six instead of eight-pointed stars. On May 15, 1845, King Ludwig I of Bavaria gave Deidesheim the approval for the coat of arms in its present form. The coat of arms of the neighboring community of Niederkirchen , which formed a political community with Deidesheim until 1819, is a modification of the Deidesheim coat of arms in terms of color and the position of the stars.

mayor

Mayor since 1895

Term of office	Surname
1895-1905	Johann Julius Siben
1905-1914	Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan
1914-1920	Karl Kimich
1920-1933	Arnold Siben
1933-1945	Friedrich Eckel-Sellmayr
1945-1948	Michael Henrich
1948	Heinrich Funk
1948-1972	Norbert Oberhettinger
1972-1975	Erich Giessen
1975-2004	Stefan Gillich
since 2004	Manfred Dörr

Empire and Weimar Republic

Seal of the mayor's office between 1850 and 1918

In the 19th century, an influential class of winery owners formed who provided honorary mayors until the end of the Weimar Republic and who were clearly overrepresented in the city council. For Mayor Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan , who died as a war volunteer in 1914 , his deputy Karl Kimich was elected mayor.

In the next municipal council election in 1920, Kimich no longer ran. On Arnold Siben , whose father Johann Julius Siben had already been 1895-1905 Mayor Deidesheim, the "Impartial Civil List", the members of the agreed Center Party and the Liberal united. The “Citizens List”, which tends towards the left-wing liberals, and the “People's List”, which is close to the SPD, made Josef Eid a joint top candidate. Siben won the election and received a ten-year contract.

While the local elections in 1920 and 1924 were relatively quiet, the 1929 election was very competitive. The reason for this was an application by the mayor's office to the city council, which is about to be elected, to appoint Siben full-time mayor for the coming years. On the one hand, this would have anticipated the electorate, and on the other hand, the annual salary of 12,000 Reichsmarks seemed disproportionately high against the background of the global economic crisis that had just broken out . Nevertheless, Siben was elected professional mayor for five years with a narrow majority of the votes of the “impartial citizen list”. In the city council election that followed shortly afterwards, the “impartial citizen list” lost almost half of its voters with an unusually high turnout, many to the protest movement “Progress and Freedom”, whose top man Friedrich Schreck was promoted to second mayor.

Third Reich

In Deidesheim, the "seizure of power" took place on the evening of March 15, 1933, when several hundred people gathered in front of Siben's house and the crowd threatened to storm the house if Siben was not ready to resign. Siben then told two city councilors present that he was stepping down, but with reservation of his rights. The second mayor, Friedrich Schreck, was out of the question for the new rulers because he had already been arrested twice for resisting the NSDAP . The Neustadt district office finally decreed on March 20 that the landowner Friedrich Eckel-Sellmayr should become mayor; he had already held a seat on the city council since 1924 as a member of the “citizens' list” formed by left-wing liberals and the trade association. Eckel-Sellmayr held the mayor's office until the end of the Second World War in 1945.

After the Second World War

After the Americans had occupied Deidesheim at the end of World War II, they appointed retired senior teacher Michael Henrich as mayor in April 1945. After the city council elections in September 1946, he was elected mayor by the city council, making him the first democratically legitimized mayor of Deidesheim in 13 years. Heinrich Funk became his first alderman. On July 1, 1948, after the resignation of Mayor Henrich, the latter took over the office of mayor for five months.

On December 1, 1948, the CDU candidate Norbert Oberhettinger was elected mayor. When the owner of the Reichsrat von Buhl winery , Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg , died in autumn 1972, Norbert Oberhettinger and his wife had a fatal accident on the way back from his funeral. The successor in the office of mayor was the winery owner Erich Gießen, who held the office until 1975. Stefan Gillich was then elected mayor, who at that time was already mayor of the Deidesheim community , and held this office for 29 years. He was followed by Manfred Dörr in 2004. Dörr is still in office today; in the last mayoral election in 2019, he prevailed against his challenger Hans Joachim Schulze (SPD) with 68.1% of the vote.

City council

The historic town hall houses the council chamber

In the first city council election after the Second World War on September 15, 1946, the CDU won 62% of the votes cast. At the end of 1948, the CDU lost its absolute majority in the next local elections and for the first time two groups of voters entered the city council; from then on they played an important role in city politics and later formed the Free Voting Group. After the CDU was able to win the absolute majority of the city council seats for many years, it lost it in the most recent city council election in 2019.

The city ​​council in Deidesheim consists of 20 council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary city ​​mayor as chairman. The 2019 local elections produced the following results compared to previous local elections:

Allocation of seats for the city council in 2019       A total of 20 seats SPD : 2 CDU : 9 Greens : 3 FDP : 1 FWG : 5
	Parties and constituencies			2019			2014			2009			2004
				Share a	Seats		Share a	Seats		Share a	Seats		Share a	Seats
	Social Democratic Party of Germany	SPD		9.9	2		11.1	2		5.3	1		6.9	1
	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	CDU		46.4	9		58.0	12		55.9	11		59.2	12
	Alliance 90 / The Greens	GREEN		16.7	3		13.5	3		11.5	2		9.7	2
	Free Democratic Party	FDP		4.2	1		2.3	0		3.0	1		0.0	0
	Free group of voters b	FWG		22.8	5		15.1	3		24.3	5		24.2	5
percentage of invalid votes				1.7			2.3			1.5			1.5
Total seats				20th			20th			20th			20th
voter turnout				72.1%			63.7%			65.3%			67.8%

^a _{percentage of the valid votes cast}

^b _{Free voter group City of Deidesheim e. V.}

Deidesheimer in state and imperial politics

Ludwig Andreas Jordan

Andreas Deinhard

Many Deidesheim landowners were able to use their strong financial base for activities in "big politics". Since the 1840s, Ludwig Andreas Jordan and Franz Peter Buhl have been gathering liberal politicians in their houses who have a large German tendency. The composition of this “Deidesheimer Kreis” changed frequently; His members included Adam von Itzstein , Ludwig Häusser , Heinrich von Sybel , Carl Theodor Welcker , Heinrich von Gagern , Karl Mathy , Friedrich Daniel Bassermann , Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier and Georg Gottfried Gervinus . In March 1848, Buhl and Jordan sat in the pre-parliament in Frankfurt . However , they were not present at the meetings of the Frankfurt National Assembly : Buhl because he was not elected and Jordan because he wanted to remain Mayor of Deidesheim. After the German-Danish War in 1864 at the latest , the attitude of the “Deidesheimer Kreis” changed in favor of a small German solution .

After unification in 1871 two Deidesheimer were as member of parliament in the Reichstag voted the newly founded German Empire: Ludwig Andreas Jordan, he was until 1881 a deputy in the Reichstag, and Franz Armand Buhl ; he had a mandate until 1893 and served as Vice President of the Reichstag for three years. He participated in the Bismarck social legislation and the wine legislation . With Andreas Deinhard , a third Deidesheimer came as a member of the Reichstag. He had a mandate from 1898 to 1903. Buhl, Jordan and Deinhard were members of the National Liberal Party .

Three Deidesheimers held a seat in the Chamber of the Reich Councilors of the Kingdom of Bavaria : Franz Armand Buhl (from 1885 to 1896), Eugen Buhl (from 1896 to 1910) and Franz Eberhard Buhl (from 1911 to 1918).

A total of eight Deidesheimers were represented in the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies : Andreas Jordan (from 1831 to 1843), Ludwig Andreas Jordan (from 1848 to 1852 and from 1863 to 1871), Franz Peter Buhl (from 1855 to 1861), Eugen Buhl (from 1875 to 1896), Franz Eberhard Buhl (from 1907 to 1911), Andreas Deinhard (from 1881 to 1904), Johann Julius Siben (from 1899 to 1907), and Josef Siben (from 1907 to 1918), after which he was a member of parliament until 1920 in the Bavarian state parliament . With the exception of the last-mentioned Siben brothers, who belonged to the Center Party , all MPs were liberal or national-liberal.

With eight members of the state parliament and three members of the Reichstag, Deidesheim had more elected officials in the 19th / early 20th century than any other city of comparable size - even more than many larger cities - in the Palatinate.

In addition to the eight members of parliament based in Deidesheim, three native Deidesheimers also entered the Chamber of Members: Gustav Schmitt (from 1875 to 1881), Josef Giessen (from 1907 to 1918) and Franz Tafel (from 1840 to 1843, from 1849 to 1858 and from 1863 to 1869); the latter also had a seat in the Frankfurt National Assembly . The legal scholar Heinrich Buhl , who was born in Deidesheim, sat in the First Chamber of the Baden Estates Assembly in 1903/04 .

After the Second World War , another Deidesheimer came into state politics: Hanns Haberer , who was born in Bruchmühlbach and settled in his wife's hometown, was Minister of Economics and Finance in the first government of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946/47 and acted as State Secretary from 1947 to 1955 . Finally, with the Green politician Ruth Ratter, another Deidesheimer came into state politics - she was elected to the 16th Rhineland-Palatinate state parliament in spring 2011 .

Consular representation

Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Togo

The Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Togo in Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and Hesse is located in Niederkircher Strasse . Applications for the issue of a visa for entry to Togo can be submitted here, and interpreters and translators for languages ​​and dialects that are spoken in Togo can be found here; these include French, Mina , Ewe , Kotokoli , Bassar , Kabiyé and Haoussa . Honorary consul has been Helmut Fohs since 1998.

Community partnerships

Deidesheim maintains partnerships with the following municipalities:

• Bad Klosterlausnitz ( Thuringia , Germany )

The partnership with the municipality of Bad Klosterlausnitz came about after the political change . The Bad Dürkheim district , to which Deidesheim belongs, supported the then Stadtroda district in setting up its administration after the fall of the Berlin Wall . The city of Deidesheim also agreed to support a community in the new federal states and in 1989 decided in favor of Bad Klosterlausnitz. In 1991, the town's mayors, Stefan Gillich (Deidesheim) and Gerald Reimann (Bad Klosterlausnitz) met for the first time . Also in 1991 the 1st Palatinate Wine Festival took place in Bad Klosterlausnitz. It was repeated every year, in 2018 for the 28th time. The partnership certificate with Bad Klosterlausnitz was signed on September 2nd, 1995 in Deidesheim by the local mayors Stefan Gillich and Gerald Reimann. The certificate states that Bad Klosterlausnitz and Deidesheim seal “their friendship that resulted from the reunification of Germany” “with the aim of deepening existing ties and building further relationships between citizens and social groups”.

• Buochs ( Switzerland )

The contacts between Deidesheim and Buochs ​​go back to 1957, when the traditional costume groups of the two towns met at an international costume meeting in Dijon . Five years later, the Deidesheim costume group was invited to a similar event in Buochs. The contacts between the two places were subsequently established mainly by associations; On the Deidesheim side, these were, in addition to the traditional costume group, the fire brigade, the Kolping band, the cycling club and the men's choir. The partnership document with Buochs ​​was signed on September 2nd, 1995 in Deidesheim by the Deidesheim mayor Stefan Gillich and the Buochs ​​mayor Beat Fuchs; it says that the "friendship that has been cultivated for over thirty years" is to be sealed and deepened. In Deidesheim there is now a “Buochser Straße” and in 2010 the Buochs ​​community bought the billy goat at the billy goat auction .

• Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau ( France )

The relationships between Deidesheim and Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau also go back to their traditional costume groups: In 1962 the Deidesheim traditional costume group and the Group Folklorique “Sant-Yann” met for the first time at the international costume meeting in Buochs, Switzerland. In addition to the traditional costume group, the Kolping band Deidesheim later maintained good contacts with citizens from Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau; both clubs regularly visited the French town on excursions. The partnership document with Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau was signed on September 2, 1995 in Deidesheim by the mayors Stefan Gillich and Camille Durand; it states that, with regard to “the important role played by the connections between two European cities in a partnership, especially between Germany and France, to protect peace” and the friendship between the two places that has lasted for more than thirty years, the exchange “in the fields human encounters, culture, sport and languages ​​”. On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the friendship with Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau, the “Place de Jumelage” was inaugurated in 2012 a little outside the city in the vineyards.

• Tihany ( Hungary )

The first contact between Deidesheim and Tihany was established in May 1996 when the state of Rhineland-Palatinate organized a “partnership exchange” at Hambach Castle , which was attended by representatives from around 20 towns and cities in Hungary. Tihany was Deidesheim's preferred community, and the first discussions between Deidesheim's representative and Tihany's at Hambach Castle were perceived as positive. The relations between Deidesheim and Tihany were deepened by mutual visits by delegations from both places. In 1998 it was decided to enter into a partnership. The partnership document with Tihany was signed on April 25, 1999 in Deidesheim by Deidesheim's mayor Stefan Gillich and Tihany's mayor, István Bors; it says that one wants to "build up the relationships between the citizens and the social groups of both communities", for example through mutual visits or mutual exhibiting or making available works by the artists and authors of the two places. The Mayor of Deidesheim, Stefan Gillich, was made an honorary citizen of Tihany in 2002.

Culture and sights

Monument zones and individual monuments

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Deidesheim

Historic city center

Ulrich Church

The area of ​​the medieval town, the historic town center of Deidesheim , has been designated as a monument zone since 1991 - due to the diversity and quality of the building stock, it is one of the most important cultural monuments in the Bad Dürkheim district . Until the beginning of the 19th century, the town center was completely enclosed by the Deidesheim town fortifications , the remains of which are listed. The market square and its surroundings originally formed the core of Deidesheim. The buildings that dominate the market square and shape the townscape are today the Catholic Church of St. Ulrich , the Deidesheimer Hof and the Dienheimer Hof that is structurally connected to it ; The Andreasbrunnen forms the center of the market square itself . To the south of the Catholic Church is the historic town hall of the city with its two-armed flight of stairs, which together with the historic inns " Zur Kanne " and " Zum Schwanen " form a remarkable building ensemble .

One of the earliest properties in Deidesheim was the high mediaeval lift yard of the Speyer Monastery , located where the Reichsrat von Buhl winery is today. The Ketschauer Hof , a former aristocratic court, and the Prince-Bishop's Speyer castle from the 12th / 13th centuries also have a long history . Century; it is still recognizable as a closed structure and was later partially built over with a castle. The chapel of the Deidesheimer Spital and the core of the café and guest house belonging to the hospital , which are probably remnants of an earlier noble court, date from the late Middle Ages .

Around the Catholic Church there used to be the walled cemetery of the city, the ossuary and the cemetery cross still testify to this today . Other listed properties in the historic old town are the Protestant church , the parish center "Bernhardushof" , the former wineries Heumarktstrasse 3 and Weinstrasse 49, 51 , the former inns " zum Ochsen " and " zum Viehhof ", as well as the wineries Privy Council Dr. von Bassermann-Jordan , Georg Siben Erben , Julius Ferdinand Kimich , Mehling and the former Arnold Siben winery with the properties Weinstrasse 32 and Weinstrasse 34 .

Remaining city area

Residential building at the Josef Biffar winery

It was not until 1820 that Deidesheim's settlement began beyond the former city wall. While many of the larger properties within the historic center are based on representative properties that were rebuilt after their destruction, the suburban buildings that were built from then on were new buildings. One of the first of these buildings was the Winning Winery Villa , which was built on the former city limits. Right next to it at the Kaisergarten is the late Baroque garden house of a former aristocratic court, which is now called the " Old Customs House ". Other listed buildings outside the city center are the former synagogue and the café on the Königsgarten , which is a defining feature of the locality , both of which are right on the border with the old town. Particularly in the north of Deidesheim, along today's Weinstrasse and Niederkircher Strasse, some representative villas of the well-off winery owners were built, for example the villa of the Herbert Gießen Erben winery , the villa of Reichsrat Eugen Buhl , and the houses of the Josef Biffar winery . At the southern entrance to the village is the Italian-style former home of a winery .

On the western edge of the town there are also two cemeteries that have been designated as monument zones: the Deidesheims cemetery with its cemetery chapel from 1619 and the Deidesheims Jewish cemetery .

District

Hahnenböhler Cross

Outside Deidesheim there are numerous field monuments , including the two wayside shrines in the Kehr and on the Grain . The former applies - in addition to a replica in Ruppertsberg - as the only copy of the Palatinate in the form of shrine capitals ; the latter from 1431 is one of the most important wayside shrines in the Palatinate due to its age and quality. Among the land monuments are many crosses , including the cross on Gutenberg , the cross in Herrgottsacker , the cross in the mill , the cross in the mouse cave , the niche cross and the white cross ; also the Hahnenböhler Cross , a weather cross , which can be seen from afar in the plain .

In the hall there is a raised tank , which was built in 1898 with the city's first general aqueduct, and a vineyard house in the shape of a trullo . In the wooded area of ​​the Deidesheim district you will find the gymnastics memorial on the Waldberg , as well as the Michaelskapelle on the Kirchberg . The Heidenlöcher , a refuge from the late Carolingian or Ottonian times, is located on its summit .

The boundary of the city forest in the Palatinate Forest was previously marked with boundary stones and Loog rocks. As important witnesses to local and territorial history, some are worth protecting as cultural monuments, including the Spielstein , the Kaffenstein , the Hinkelstein , the Loogfels A , the Loogfels No. 203 , the Christophel-Schuh , the Schwehrstein , the Weinbiet-Stein , the Loogfels am Cyriakuspfad and the pan stone . Some of them are right on hiking trails . The boundary stones are numbered, the initials of citizens who were involved in setting up the boundary stones, as well as signs that indicate the municipalities between which a boundary ran.

Fountain

There are 14 wells in Deidesheim, including:

Andrew Fountain

• The Andreasbrunnen on the market square dates from 1851 and was donated by Ludwig Andreas Jordan and his relatives. It is named after his father Andreas Jordan (1775–1848). The fountain was cast by Gienanthschen Hütte in Eisenberg and is based on Italian models from the Renaissance .

• The billy goat fountain from 1985 was created by the sculptor Gernot Rumpf . It is located on the town square opposite the town hall and focuses on the billy goat auction that takes place every year on Whit Tuesday in Deidesheim.

• The cup fountain in front of the St. Elisabeth old people's center was installed in the mid-1980s. The then mayor Stefan Gillich discovered it in 1983 at the International Horticultural Exhibition (IGA) in Munich; the fountain was made available to the IGA by the Bavarian Arts and Crafts Association . With the artists Bernhard and Michael Krauss, who created it, the arrangement was made that - should the City of Munich not want the fountain itself after the end of the IGA - it should be set up in Deidesheim. After the fountain was erected in front of the Deutsches Museum in Munich for some time after the end of the IGA , it finally came to Deidesheim in 1984. The twin town of Deidesheims in Switzerland, Buochs , has had a replica of this fountain in front of its old people's center for some time.

• The history and customs fountain at the Königsgarten shows, on the one hand, important stages in the history of Deidesheim, such as the granting of the city ​​rights of Deidesheim or membership of the Prince Diocese of Speyer , and on the other hand it pays tribute to associations that are dedicated to the cultivation of customs, such as the traditional folk dance group and the Kerwebuwe. The fountain was designed by the sculptor Karl Seiter and completed in 2003.

nature

Natural monuments

Plane tree avenue

→ Main article : List of natural monuments in Deidesheim

The nature conservation administration of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate has ten natural monuments in the Deidesheim district (status: 2013). These include the plane tree avenue, a black and a white mulberry tree , which are located in the city itself; a little outside, in the hallway, there is a 150-year-old ivy stick. The Weinbachspring and the Grimmeisenbrunnen are classified as natural monuments on the Deidesheim forest area. In wine Bach Spring is the wine Bach source after 1906 taken was the Grimmeisen well was 1908 from the local group Deidesheimer Pfälzerwald Association applied.

Nature reserves

Marlachwiesen south of Deidesheim

Three nature reserves are partly within the Deidesheim district. On the border between Haardt and the vineyards, at the Mühltal also reaching into the forest, a part of the Haardtrand - Am Bechsteinkopf protected area lies west of the village . This includes about 12 ha large cultural landscape "Am Kirchenberg" with terraced vineyards and orchards . This is where the border runs between intensive, machine-operated viticulture and the steeper slopes at the foot of the Haardt, where this is not possible. The terrain is reminiscent of landscape and economic forms of earlier times; many such vineyard terraces have disappeared in favor of easier machining of the vines. Here they have been partially restored and partially supplemented. Thus arose habitats for special animal and plant species and were obtained existing.

The eastern part of the city is surrounded by the Marlachwiesen , an open wetland area that offers a variety of plants and animals. Here one finds typical of wet grassland animals like swamp terror , sympecma , toads , common frogs , Stonechat , lapwings and Marsh Warbler , and plants such as marsh marigold and great burnet .

A small part of the Forster Bruch nature reserve , like the Marlachwiesen also wet grassland, is also located in the Deidesheim district.

Parks

The palace park, which was completed in its current form in 1976, is a park in the moat of the former prince-bishop's palace in the center of Deidesheim. Until 1739 the ditch was still filled with water. In 1988 the palace park was awarded the honorary prize in the "Garden Cultures" competition of the German Wine Route Working Group as the most beautiful park on the German Wine Route . Among other things, a handkerchief tree can be found in the castle park , which is native to western China.

The city garden with its "Mediterranean hill" was created in the early 1980s. There you will find mainly southern flowers, shrubs and trees, which are rarely found in Germany. Some 1000 first seedlings were acquired free of charge after the end of the International Horticultural Exhibition in Munich in 1983, which were no longer needed there. The exotic plants in the city park include bitter oranges, mandarins, oranges, lemons, kiwis, pomegranates, cacti, bougainvilleas , figs and various types of palm.

Regular events

The Weinkerwe is opened when the " Kerwebaum " is set up.

Before the auction, the billy goat is examined for its "usage" (1910).

Deidesheimer Weinkerwe

The Deidesheimer Weinkerwe is a wine festival with 100,000 to 150,000 visitors per year. It has been celebrated in its current form since 1972 and has quickly developed into one of the largest wine festivals on the Wine Route . The festival always takes place on the second and third weekend in August, from Friday to Tuesday. At the Weinkerwe, wineries and associations from the Deidesheim community operate dispensing stations.

Deidesheim Advent

The "Deidesheimer Advent" is a Christmas market that takes place on the four weekends in Advent. It has been held since 1974. Over 100 feeders from Deidesheim and the surrounding area operate their stands, which have to match the overall look of the market in terms of style. The arts and crafts, such as goldsmiths, ceramics and textile arts, wood carving and glass blowing, play an important role in the Deidesheim Advent. For the mulled wine that is served, only wines from the Deidesheim association may be used as an ingredient.

Billy goat auction

The billy goat auction is a folk festival in the form of a history game that is celebrated every year on the Tuesday after Pentecost. The festive occasion is an old agreement with the neighboring municipality of Lambrecht , according to which a billy goat has to be delivered every year in compensation for timber and grazing rights in the Deidesheim district, which is auctioned in Deidesheim and the proceeds go to the city of Deidesheim. This historical fact has developed into a folk festival over the years.

Smaller events

• INTONATION - Deidesheimer Kunsttage is an annually recurring, multi-day meeting of well-known ceramic sculptors from all over Europe, who exhibit their works and let them look over their shoulders while working.

• The Palatinate Mineral and Fossil Exchange is held every year on the weekend after Whitsun in the town hall.
• The Deidesheimer Musikherbst (formerly Deidesheimer Orgelherbst ), a series of concerts under the direction of church musician Elke Voelker , takes place every year in October over several Sundays in the Catholic Church ; sometimes other venues are chosen.
• For over 80 years, a mountain gymnastics festival organized by the Turngau Rhein-Limburg has been held every year on Ascension Day under the gymnastics memorial on the Waldberg near Deidesheim .
• The International Film Exchange, organized by the German Film and Photo Technology Museum , has been taking place in the town hall since 2013 , where film cameras, projectors, processing equipment and accessories are exhibited and traded. In addition, the focus is on memorabilia from cinema and film and relevant literature.

Museums

Wine Culture Museum

• The Museum of Wine Culture is housed in the historic town hall in the city center; it opened in May 1986. The museum's exhibits reflect the cultural history of wine and its influence on areas such as literature, science, art, and religion. The museum is financed , among other things, by contributions from the vine leaseholders of the prominent vineyard in the Paradise Garden .
• The 3F German Museum for Photo, Film and TV Technology is located slightly diagonally across from the historic town hall in the rooms of the Deidesheim Hospital ; it opened in December 1990. Over 5500 exhibits from all epochs of camera technology are exhibited on around 400 m². The collection of the Museum of Photography, Film and Television Development is one of the largest in Europe.

Tower clerk

The pen in the history and customs fountain stands for the tower writer.

The southwestern flanking tower of the castle is the symbolic residence of the tower scribe.

The Foundation for the Promotion of Literature in the Palatinate , which has existed since 1978, invites writers to Deidesheim so that they can write “Palatinate” and then publish the fruits of their labor. The foundation is financed by the German Academy for Language and Poetry , Südwestrundfunk , the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the city of Deidesheim. Candidates for the office are selected by the foundation members. Because the writers reside , at least symbolically, during their work in a small tower of the Prince-Bishop's Castle in Speyer , they are referred to as "tower writers". The scholarship is endowed with 7,500 euros. The scholarship holder also receives a free stay in Deidesheim for a period of four weeks and three bottles of “Deputatwein” per day; in addition, every tower scribe automatically becomes a vine leaseholder in the “celebrity vineyard” of Deidesheim's paradise garden .

In the following, the previous tower clerks are listed with their works and the respective year in which they were tower clerks in Deidesheim:

• Wolfgang Altendorf (1978; "Like a bird in the paradise garden")
• Rudolf Hagelstange (1980; "Love rhyme on Deidesheim")
• Ludwig Harig (1982; "Ordered to look")
• Herbert Heckmann (1987; "Seven Wine Sermons")
• Erich Loest (1989) (left his contract prematurely)
• Walter Helmut Fritz (1991; "The keys are reversed")
• Manuel Thomas (1992; Deidesheimer Tagebuch; Deidesheimer Sketchbook in: Von und Über, 2002)
• Hans-Martin Gauger (1996; not yet published)
• André Weckmann (1998; "The spirit out of the bottle and the lightness of confidence")
• Emma Guntz (2001; "One Year of Life")
• Fanny Morweiser (2003; "Deidesheim Elegy or How Not to Write a Crime")
• Bernd Kohlhepp (2006; "The Pirate's Ring")
• Katja Schweder (2010; "The Wine Spirits and Their Companions")
• Andreas Maier (2018; not yet published)

Sports

In the east of Deidesheim is the district sports facility of the Deidesheim association . It was inaugurated in September 1978 and today comprises a grass court, a hard court and a synthetic track. In September 1993, the “Hall for Sports and Games” was inaugurated next door. In addition, there is a sports field for athletics competitions and a fitness trail on the Waldberg . Every year on Ascension Day , a mountain gymnastics festival takes place on the Waldberg sports field , which is organized by the Turngau Rhein-Limburg .

TSG Deidesheim includes departments for basketball, football, judo, athletics, table tennis, gymnastics, chess and volleyball. At the Deidesheim e. V. tennis can be played as an individual or team sport. Deidesheim also has ten different Nordic Walking routes certified by the German Ski Association with different requirement profiles, which together have a route length of around 90 km.

Swimming pool (around 1910)

At the western end of the village is the municipal open-air swimming pool “Oasis in Paradise Garden”. It was created by the local bathing club, which was founded on August 18, 1885. The opening took place less than a year later, on June 18, 1886; it was the first outdoor swimming pool in the Palatinate. The newly created 28 x 8 meter basin was still fed with the water from the adjacent vineyard. After the inflation of 1923, the bathing club was no longer able to finance the pool, so the decision was made to donate the pool to the city. This was recorded on March 24, 1926 by deed of gift. In the decades that followed, there were a number of changes, including the creation of new swimming pools and changing rooms.

On October 9, 2015, an exercise course was inaugurated in Deidesheim, which is located next to the integrated comprehensive school in the east of the city. The facility was the third of its kind to be sponsored by the Dietmar Hopp Foundation . It offers different ways of training endurance, strength and flexibility across generations.

societies

The men's choir with its chairman Johann Julius Siben (1895)

Until the founding of the Empire in 1871

In Germany, associations began to spread from larger cities to smaller communities at the beginning of the 19th century. The first association that was mentioned in writing in Deidesheim was a music association that gave a performance on the occasion of the visit of the Bavarian King Ludwig I in Deidesheim in 1829; however, the association dissolved again in the course of the 19th century. In 1845, at a time when numerous choral societies were formed, the men's choir "Liederkranz" was founded; it still exists today; Its chairmen included personalities such as Franz Peter Buhl , Andreas Deinhard , Julius Siben , Franz Eberhard Buhl and Georg Enoch Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg . Bernhard Klug, choir director at Liederkranz, was the author of the unofficial "Deidesheimer Lied", which is sung at numerous Deidesheim festivals.

Debt for 100 marks from the Deidesheim reading society dated June 1, 1886

On August 31, 1846, a reading society was founded, which almost exclusively had the wealthy landowners as members and in its early days the politician Franz Peter Buhl as chairman. The club, also known as the "Casino", probably already had a predecessor, which was founded in 1835. The "Casino" dissolved in 1939. In 1849 a gymnastics club was founded in Deidesheim for the first time, but in 1850, shortly after the Palatinate uprising , the Bavarian government - like all gymnastics clubs in the Kingdom of Bavaria - banned it again because gymnastics clubs were considered political associations. In 1860 the gymnastics club was re-established; it still exists today and has been called "Turn- und Sportgemeinde 1849 Deidesheim" since 1958. Today it has almost 1,400 members. The Cäcilienverein was probably founded in 1859 - at that time as a pure male choir - which also still exists today and is active as a church choir in the Catholic community.

Until World War II

The three-cornered hat on the historical and traditional fountain is a reference to the costume of the traditional folk dance group.

After the German Empire in 1871, one formed Veterans' Association , the "keep the memory of the great time of year 1870/71 awake" in its Constitution wanted annually Sedan celebrations organized and the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig in memory of the liberation war a Mounted fire on the forest mountain. One of the chairmen was the Reichsrat Eugen Buhl . In 1906 the local group Deidesheim of the Palatinate Forest Association was founded, which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2006. The landowner Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan is the first member of the founders' list . Deidesheim's first cycling club was formed in 1893, but it did not exist for long; In 1911 a successor club called "Torpedo" was founded, but it was dissolved again during the First World War . After the First World War, a successor club emerged again, the “Edelweiß” cycling club, which still exists today. During the First World War, club life was almost completely extinguished; many clubs disbanded and were not revived afterwards. After that, club life only slowly got going again. The Deidesheim swimming club, which still exists today, was founded in 1921, a Catholic journeyman's association in 1930 , which had to be dissolved during the Nazi era and was re-established in 1946 as the Kolping Family , which still exists today.

Club life experienced a turning point when the National Socialists came to power : the club boards had to be approved by the NSDAP ; At the Catholic Women's Association of Deidesheim, the club 's treasury was confiscated and many club meetings had to be approved by the local group leader of the NSDAP . In 1938 the gymnastics club, the swimming club and the cycling club "Edelweiß" had to dissolve and re-founded as a joint club. The only real new formation of an association during this time is the traditional folk dance group founded in 1935, which made its first appearance at the inauguration of the German Wine Route in October 1935; the old Palatinate costumes that were worn during the performance were borrowed from the Reichsrat von Buhl winery . After the Second World War, the folk dance group was able to make numerous contacts with performances in other countries and thus laid the foundation for the community partnerships with Buochs and Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau .

Further development until today

The " Kerweredd " of Kerwebuwe ties in with old Palatinate traditions

During the Second World War, club life almost came to a standstill and only slowly began to develop again afterwards. In 1954 the local association of the German Red Cross was founded; At the end of the 19th century, he had a predecessor association which at that time only included women. Since 1983 the local club of the DRK has been housed in its home in the east of Deidesheim. In 1972 the group "Deidesheimer Kerwebuwe" was founded, which opened the Deidesheimer Weinkerwe with a " Kerweredd " and the placement of the Kerwebuwe . In 1969 the Deidesheim e. V. founded, one year later the association “Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung”, which offers lectures on historical topics around Deidesheim and has published a number of “Heimatblätter”. In 1994 the “Friends of the former synagogue Deidesheim” was formed. e. V. “, who campaigned for the restoration of the Deidesheim synagogue and now aims to use it in a dignified manner.

Today Deidesheim has a lively community thanks to its numerous clubs and is influenced by them on a social, cultural and sporting level. When designing parties, but also in the field of everyday life, the clubs are involved in design and are therefore a determining factor for social life in Deidesheim.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Viticulture

Vineyards

The vine as a central element of the historical and traditional well documents the importance of viticulture in Deidesheim.

The Deidesheim vineyards belong to the Palatinate wine-growing region and, in turn, to the Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse cultivation area . Local site names used to be listed in title deeds, which described the location of the properties and the course of their boundary markings. About 170 vineyards and tubs of very different sizes are known in the districts of Deidesheim, Niederkirchen , Forst and Ruppertsberg ; they partly extended beyond the boundaries of the district, because it was not until 1829 that the towns were assigned boundaries. The amendment of the Law on wine of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1971, the vineyards were re-divided. Today there are eleven individual sites and one large site : The individual sites include Grainhübel , Herrgottsacker , Hohenmorgen , Kalkofen , Kieselberg , Langenmorgen , Leinhöhle , Letten , Mäushöhle , Nonnenstück and Paradiesgarten ; the large location is called Hofstück . The individual layers together have an area of ​​523.58 ha, the large area, which includes numerous individual layers in other municipalities, has an area of ​​1401 ha (status: 1994). Since the reorganization, names of earlier vineyards such as "Geheu", "Hahnenböhl", "Kränzler", "Reiß", "Rennpfad", "Vogelsang" and "Weinbach" are no longer to be found.

Winemaking history

Andreas Jordan

Long before these were cultivated, wild vines were growing in the area around Deidesheim. About 4.5 million year old remains of vines, which were found around 10 km north of Deidesheim near Ungstein , testify to this . However, it is certain that wine was only grown in Central Europe after the turn of the century. Whether this was still the case at Deidesheim in Roman times is speculative: Finds of wine amphoras and a glass jug in barrel form from the Roman period near Deidesheim and Ruppertsberg suggest that wine was consumed during this time, there are clear indications of viticulture in Roman times directly at Deidesheim it doesn't.

Little is known about medieval viticulture. In 770 Deidesheim was mentioned for the first time in a document from the Fulda Abbey as a winegrower. Today's Deidesheim vineyards were only cleared after the turn of the millennium; The names of the neighboring communities of Forst and Haardt indicate the changed use of this area . With the Ungeld , a tax on wine, its collection of Speyer archbishop in 1360 permitted, construction and maintenance of the city wall was financed. The earliest mention of a grape variety in Deidesheim was in 1504 the grape variety Gänsfüßer .

At the beginning of the 19th century a significant change took place in viticulture in the Palatinate : The Deidesheim estate owner Andreas Jordan was the first to start producing quality wine. He was aware of the advantage of late harvesting noble rotten grapes, which was recognized at Schloss Johannisberg in 1775 , and he introduced this selection principle in his winery. Furthermore, in 1802 he used the "Deidesheimer Geheu" location for the first time in addition to the vintage and grape variety to label his wines. Jordan's quality efforts were also adopted by other winemakers in the area; Around 1820/30, quality viticulture was common practice on the Mittelhaardt .

Deidesheim winegrowers' association

Largest wine-growing communities in the growing area	Rank among all Rhineland-Palatinate wine-growing communities according to vineyards	Planted vineyards in 2017 (in ha )	Grape varieties
			white	Red
			(in %)
Palatinate		23,652	65	35
Landau (Palatinate)	1	2,067	66	34
Neustadt (Weinstrasse)	2	2,031	67	33
Cheap home-Ingenheim	4th	843	62	38
Bad Dürkheim	6th	819	68	32
Kirrweiler	14th	589	67	33
Edesheim	17th	505	61	39
Deidesheim	18th	498	85	15th
Wachenheim (Weinstrasse)	20th	473	75	25th
Goecklingen	22nd	464	65	34
Freinsheim	25th	437	61	39
Source: Leaflet Viticulture 2018. State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate, Bad Ems, May 2018

By successfully implementing his ideas in production and marketing, Andreas Jordan was able to achieve quality wine prices, achieved great prosperity and was able to enlarge his winery considerably. When he died in 1848, his legacy was divided up, the so-called Jordan partition . The three wineries of Privy Council Dr. von Bassermann-Jordan , Reichsrat von Buhl and von Winning .

Because the economic situation had become difficult for many small winemakers in Deidesheim at the end of the 19th century as a result of cheap wine imports and the rise in wages due to the emergence of industrialization, the winegrowers' association was founded in 1898 on the initiative of teacher Johannes Mungenast . It was the first winegrowers' association in the Palatinate . The affiliated winemakers were offered a joint winery and marketing facility. The winegrowers 'cooperative founded in 1913, which merged with the winegrowers' association in 1966, represented another association of small winemakers in Deidesheim.

From 1972 - and thus somewhat later than in other areas of the Palatinate - a land consolidation procedure began near Deidesheim , which gave the area a new look; the last land consolidation procedure was completed in 2007. The land consolidation saved management costs for the winegrowers, as the reading of the grapes could be better supported by tractors and harvesting machines.

Viticulture today

In Deidesheim there are numerous wineries, a sparkling wine cellar and a winegrowers' association . In 2013, Deidesheim's total planted vineyard area was 490 hectares. In the same year, 84.2% white wine varieties and 15.8% red wine varieties were grown, with the proportion of red varieties increasing in recent years; In 1976 the proportion of red varieties was still well below 4%. By far the most widely grown grape variety is Riesling , in addition, wines are mainly produced from the varieties Rivaner , Grüner Silvaner , Blauer Portugieser , Blauer Pinot Noir , Blauer Trollinger , Blauer Limberger , Gewürztraminer and Weißer Gutedel .

tourism

Deidesheim has been awarded the tourist rating of resort since 1964 and the tourist rating of climatic health resort since 1968 . This award must be confirmed every ten years by means of re-measurements; Most recently, the German Meteorological Service Deidesheim certified in 2016 that the air hygiene conditions were met. Furthermore, since 2009 Deidesheim has been the first town in Rhineland-Palatinate to be a member of the Cittàslow movement, whose goals include improving the quality of life and increasing cultural diversity in cities; With regard to tourism, the members of Cittàslow are striving to move away from mass tourism and towards individual tourism.

In Deidesheim, after the Second World War, a distinctive catering and accommodation trade developed, which can be seen as a result of the quality viticulture practiced in Deidesheim, which plays a major role in Deidesheim's suitability for tourism. Since viticulture and tourism benefit from each other, both branches of the economy are to a certain extent mutually dependent. There are numerous hotels and guest houses in Deidesheim, the largest being one of the Steigenberger Hotels company , which opened in 1994. While the number of beds on offer in Deidesheim was 55 in 1954 and 420 in 1969, in 2009 706 beds were available for overnight stays. The trend in the number of overnight stays was consistent with the development: in 1950 there were 899 overnight stays by guests, in 1960 there were 12,000; In 2013 there were 110,036 overnight stays by 60,886 guests with an average stay of 1.8 days. There is also a large number of day visitors - in 2000 this was estimated at 600,000. Alongside viticulture, tourism is the most important economic factor today; in 2000 it contributed 30% of the city's budget and provided more than 300 jobs.

Forest restaurant on the forest mountain

In addition to viticulture and the associated wine festivals such as the Deidesheimer Weinkerwe and the billy goat auction , the nearby Palatinate Forest with its extensive network of trails and numerous hiking parking lots is of great importance for tourism and local recreation. A hiking trail marked with a red dot leads through Deidesheim , through the forest area, including those with a white-red bar and a red bar . In the forest near the city there are some places to stop for a break, former forest houses that have been converted into restaurants, a restaurant on the Eckkopf run by associations , and the Deidesheimer Hut operated by the Palatinate Forest Association .

The German Wine Route , one of the first holiday routes in Germany, runs through the town . The regional hiking trail Pfälzer Weinsteig also leads through the city, the Palatinate Almond Trail runs a few meters west of it along the edge of the forest. The Deutsche Weinstrasse cycle path also runs through Deidesheim, and the Kraut-und-Rüben cycle path grazes the east of the district .

Fruit preservation

Biffar Canning Factory Letterhead (1913)

The only noteworthy “branch of industry” that Deidesheim had alongside viticulture and tourism was fruit preservation. The pioneer was the winery owner Franz Peter Buhl , who had recognized the usefulness of the Palatinate noble fruit. In 1860 Buhl was present with his company "Rheinische Früchtehandel" at the industrial exhibition of the Palatinate in Kaiserslautern . The company took part in the world exhibition in Vienna in 1873 and in the third industrial exhibition in the Palatinate, where it was awarded the medal in a gold wreath, the highest distinction. The name Biffar was named as the owner of the company. At the turn of the 20th century there were two companies that operated fruit preservation, the "Rheinische Früchtehandel und Conservenfabrik", owned by Heinrich and Adam Biffar, and the "Deidesheimer Conservenfabrik J. Biffar & Cie" with the owner Josef Biffar. The latter company, which was the only company in Germany to candy and chocolate ginger and fruit , and which was still owned by the Biffar family, had to cease operations on July 31, 2016 due to price pressure.

forestry

The forester's house Benjental used to be used for forest supervision, today it is a restaurant

Deidesheim has owned large forests since the Middle Ages; it reached its greatest extent in the 14th century with around 12,000  acres (approx. 3000  ha ). There was no systematic forest management at that time, the forest was mainly used for hunting and fishing. There were special “ banned ” areas for the use of wood, such as construction wood or firewood, but apart from that it was largely unregulated. Even after the city came under French rule from 1798, there was initially no planned forestry, only stricter forest supervision was set up to take action against forest violators.

Only when Deidesheim fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria , from 1816/21 a systematic forestry was operated; this - then on July 1, 1831 formally by government reskript arranged - put an end to the exploitation and one began with the planting and management of forests under forest science aspects. Then Forest management of the urban forest was under the Forestry Bureau Neustadt an der Haardt (later the Forestry Department Neustadt-Nord). In order to be able to guarantee better forest supervision, forest houses were built: the forester's house Silbertal (1818), the forester's house Luhrbach bei Lambrecht (1873) and the forester's house of Benjental (1878).

After the Second World War, the city's felling plan indicated 2500 cubic meters of timber or firewood per year, which was sold or auctioned. In addition, the use of litter played an important role for the cattle farmers and for the poorer population of the city there were two "forest days" per week, on which one could collect reading wood with the wheelbarrow .

Large parts of the urban forest have meanwhile been assigned or sold to other communities and the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. After the forest was divided in 1873, a significant part fell to the mother community of Niederkirchen near Deidesheim . Today Deidesheim owns 849.1 hectares of forest. This part of the forest district Wallenberg that a forest district manager busy and the Forestry Department Bad Durkheim subordinate. The sustainable forest management, timber harvesting and marketing are key tasks. The Wallberg forest district is also responsible for managing the forest property of Niederkirchen near Deidesheim, Forst an der Weinstrasse , Ruppertsberg , Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse , Friedelsheim , Ellerstadt and Gönnheim . These seven cities and towns have to Deidesheim on January 1, 2015 Forest zweckverband together Mittelhaardt.

education and parenting

There are two kindergartens in Deidesheim. The first is the municipal kindergarten “Bird's Nest”, which goes back to a foundation by the politicians Ludwig Andreas Jordan and Franz Peter Buhl . He was initially housed in the hospital and took in children for the first time in 1853. On January 6, 1908, the new building was inaugurated, in which the kindergarten is still located today. At the same time, the management of the kindergarten was transferred from the hospital to the city of Deidesheim. In 1972 the foundation was dissolved and the kindergarten continued as a municipal kindergarten. The second kindergarten in Deidesheim is the Catholic kindergarten “St. Hildegard ”, which was inaugurated in 1981.

In addition to the two kindergartens, Deidesheim has two schools. A parish school was first mentioned in 1556 and a teacher was first mentioned in a council minutes in 1666. In 1766, with the help of a large financial grant from the Speyer prince-bishop, a new school building was built, which was given a second floor in 1831. In 1960, the current primary school in the city center was built from scratch and inaugurated on November 3, 1962. In 1970 a secondary school was completed in the east of Deidesheim . The building was later a regional school for the Deidesheim and Wachenheim municipalities , then a secondary school plus . An Integrated Comprehensive School (IGS) has been here since the 2008/2009 school year . As with secondary schools and grammar schools, the school is run by the Bad Dürkheim district .

Books and CD-ROMs can be borrowed from Deidesheim's Catholic public library, which has existed since 1920, and book exhibitions are also held there from time to time. The library had almost 12,000 loans in 2006.

Authorities

Administrative building of the Verbandsgemeinde

Deidesheim from the southeast, painted by Nicolaus Berkhout in 1872. In the foreground is the railway line, on the right edge of the picture the train station.

Railway station with train

As the seat of the homonymous municipality , the City Hall houses the municipality Deidesheim their management since the establishment of administrative operations on 1 January 1973rd Among other things, there is the “Citizens' Office”, a contact point for the citizens of the Verbandsgemeinde for questions and concerns to the public sector , such as matters relating to the right to register, issuing identity cards and passports, issuing income tax cards and postal voting documents. There are also forms for applications of all kinds and a lost and found office.

traffic

History of rail transport

After the first railway line in the Palatinate between Ludwigshafen and Bexbach went into operation in 1849 (today part of the Mannheim – Saarbrücken railway ), Dürkheim , Deidesheim and the other communities on the Mittelhaardt also tried to establish a railway connection. In 1860 a local committee submitted a proposal to build a railway line between Neustadt and Dürkheim in Frankenthal , which the administration of the Palatinate Ludwig Railway met on February 3, 1862 . One of the eight signatories of the local committee was the Deidesheim landowner Ludwig Andreas Jordan . The Bavarian King Maximilian II gave his consent to the establishment of a separate company, the Neustadt-Dürkheimer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (NDE), which later became part of the Palatinate Northern Railways company .

In 1865, the Bad Dürkheim – Neustadt an der Haardt (now Neustadt an der Weinstrasse ) line was completed, and its trains stopped in Deidesheim. The station was inaugurated on May 6, 1865 , and the first train was able to travel the approximately 15 km long route. In 1873 the connection followed via Freinsheim and Grünstadt to Monsheim in Hesse . By the end of the 19th century, Deidesheim had developed into an important freight yard . Important goods that were handled here were manure , wood , coal and wine . It was also basalt loaded, of the Pechsteinkopf promoted and a cable car was transported to Deidesheimer station. The freight was up to the 1980s, declined again and was finally all set since the track performed solely passenger transport. However, due to the shift in traffic after the Second World War, the trains only run to Freinsheim or Grünstadt.

After the local line Ludwigshafen – Dannstadt was extended to Meckenheim in 1911 , from an economic point of view it would have made sense to continue the route to Deidesheim, which was rejected by the Deidesheim city council in advance because the workforce would migrate to the emerging industries in Ludwigshafen Rhine and Mannheim were feared. Although the city council had changed its mind in this regard before the extension of the railway line to Meckenheim was completed, the local railway was never expanded to Deidesheim.

Public transport

Thanks to the connection to the Neustadt – Bad Dürkheim railway line , both cities can be reached by train in around 10 minutes. The trains run every half hour in both directions during the day. From Neustadt main station, Mannheim and Kaiserslautern can be reached in about 30 minutes by S-Bahn after changing trains . With the introduction of the Rhineland-Palatinate cycle and the connection to the RheinNeckar S-Bahn in Neustadt, Deidesheim is very well integrated into the subsequent train service. Deidesheim is also connected to the two bus routes Neustadt – Bad Dürkheim and Deidesheim – Ludwigshafen . The public transport in Deidesheim belongs to the tariff area of ​​the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar (VRN).

Road traffic

Deidesheim is crossed in a north-south direction by the German Wine Route , which was previously identical to the federal road 271 . The newly built B 271 only touches Deidesheim in the east today, since it was approved as a bypass in 2000. In a southerly direction, the B 271 offers a quick connection to the federal motorway 65 (junction 11, Deidesheim), via which Ludwigshafen can be reached in around 25 minutes or Karlsruhe in around 50 minutes . In a northerly direction, Bad Dürkheim and the junction of the federal motorway 650 (Bad Dürkheim / Ludwigshafen) can be reached via the B 271 .

Others

This Embraer 190 from Lufthansa CityLine is named after Deidesheim.

An Embraer 190 of Lufthansa CityLine with the registration D-AECA carries the name "Deidesheim". The aircraft was christened on August 5, 2002 by Elisabeth Gillich, the wife of the local mayor at the time, at Frankfurt Airport.

media

Deidesheim receives the local section Mittelhaardter Rundschau of the daily newspaper Die Rheinpfalz ; In addition to the Deidesheim area, the Mittelhaardter Rundschau is also available in Haßloch , Neustadt an der Weinstrasse and in the Lambrecht area (Palatinate) as part of the Rhine Palatinate. The advertising papers Stadtanzeiger (in the municipalities of Deidesheim , Edenkoben and Lambrecht , as well as in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse) and Rund um die Mittlere Weinstrasse (in the municipalities of Deidesheim and Wachenheim ) appear weekly . The official gazette of the Deidesheim community is also sent to all Deidesheim households on a weekly basis. The regional television stations OK Weinstraße and Rhein-Neckar Fernsehen can be received via the cable network .

The last part of the operetta Pfälzer Musikanten , premiered in 1956, plays on the town's market square. The ZDF series Sabine! Which ran in 2004 and 2005 is about a young high school teacher from Deidesheim who moved to Berlin.

Water supply

From the Sensental

Until 1851 Deidesheim got its water almost exclusively from wells. In that year the family of Ludwig Andreas Jordan had the first water pipeline built to Deidesheim. This led water from a spring "Michelsbrunnen" in the Sensental of the nearby Palatinate Forest into the city from the north. She dined at the Kaisergarten, at the Buhlschen property and three hydrants in front of the church and ended at the Andreasbrunnen on the market square. The land on which the spring is located belonged to the Jordan family. After Jordan's death, it was handed over to the city of Deidesheim along with the aqueduct at his will in his will, after it had been renewed in 1887 and extended to the Königsgarten. Above Deidesheim, at an altitude of about 160  m above sea level. NHN , there are two elevated tanks today ; one of them is on the " Kieselberg " north of the city on this water pipe.

From the Mühltal

Elevated reservoir near the Mühltal

Since the amount of water piped to Deidesheim was far from sufficient, some citizens took the initiative and commissioned engineer Philipp Krämer from Dürkheim to work out a proposal to improve Deidesheim's water supply. Its plans were to lead water from the Benjental (today Gimmeldinger Tal) to Deidesheim. The city council took up the plans at its meeting on February 3, 1891, whereupon the communities of Gimmeldingen and Mußbach immediately lodged an objection to the Neustadt an der Haardt district office ; Deidesheim intended to divert tributaries of the Mußbach , which originated on the Deidesheim forest area. At that time, a number of mills were operated in the area of ​​the communities of Gimmeldingen and Mußbach, so these communities wanted to prevent Deidesheim from diverting the water above their district for themselves. Since these municipalities did not allow the laying of water pipelines in their area, Deidesheim initially had a water pipeline built from the nearby Mühltal into the city; in the process, the listed elevated tank was built, which is still in operation today. The water pipe was fed by the “Herrenbrunnen” spring and two deep boreholes . Its inauguration was celebrated on July 17, 1898, a Sunday. With this water pipe, a pipe network for the water supply in Deidesheim was laid, to which numerous houses were connected.

From the Benjental

Construction of the aqueduct in the Gimmeldinger Valley near the Upper Mill (1907)

But even the new water pipe could not fully meet Deidesheim's needs. Deidesheim engaged the engineer Otto Lueger from Stuttgart and the district geologist August Leppla from Berlin as consultants for the development of new water supply sources. When drilling in the Benjental , a source near Koch's property, the “Upper Mill” , was found and captured . Deidesheim had already decided in 1892 to take legal action against Gimmeldingen, Mußbach and the mill operators resident in these communities, who have challenged Deidesheim "the unrestricted right to use the springs in the local district in the Benjenthal". On November 10, 1898, the royal district court in Frankenthal passed the judgment that Deidesheim was entitled to drain the water from the springs in its district. After Seraphine von Stichaner, the widow of Joseph Philipp von Stichaner and daughter of Ludwig Andreas Jordan, donated 65,000 RM to the city ​​of Deidesheim  on August 7, 1907, for the construction of a bypass line for spring water from the Benjental, construction work could begin. Mayor Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan was able to come to an agreement with the neighboring communities beforehand after referring to the judgment of the Frankenthal regional court and applying to the Chamber of the Interior of the Government in Speyer for an expropriation . As early as 1908, the new water pipe from the Benjental could be put into operation.

A large part of the water that Deidesheim draws today runs through this Stichaner-Jordan aqueduct from 1907/08; it comes from the Gimmeldinger Valley, but now also from Neustadt an der Weinstrasse .

Established businesses

Wine cellar in the Winning winery

Deidesheimer Hof

Deidesheim is one of the largest wine-growing communities in the Palatinate; a number of wine-growing businesses are based here, including the Privy Council Dr. von Bassermann-Jordan , the Reichsrat von Buhl estate , the estate of Winning , the Weingut Georg Siben heirs and the Weingut Josef Biffar . All five wineries were founding members of the Association of German Predicate and Quality Wineries (VDP), and with the exception of the latter Josef Biffar winery, these are still part of the VDP today. In the past, all five wineries were run as family businesses; Today the wineries belong to Privy Councilor Dr. von Bassermann-Jordan, Reichsrat von Buhl and von Winning to the Achim Niederberger group , which is now managed by his wife Jana Niederberger. The Josef Biffar winery was sold in 2013 by the owner family Biffar to the oenologist Fumiko Tokuoka, who continues the winery. The Georg Siben Erben winery is still owned by the founding Siben family. In addition to the aforementioned wineries and other, smaller wineries, the Deidesheim winegrowers 'association is also located in Deidesheim , a winegrowers' cooperative to which numerous small winemakers have come together.

As a municipality that is geared towards tourism, Deidesheim has a distinctive gastronomy and accommodation industry. This includes the Hotel Deidesheimer Hof , which was awarded the second five-star hotel in Rhineland-Palatinate in 2001 since the hotel classification was introduced in 1996. The Deidesheimer Hof houses the two restaurants “St. Urban "and" Black Rooster "; The latter's chefs are Stefan Neugebauer and Felix Jarzina. The Deidesheimer Hof became known through the visits of Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl , who had high-ranking state guests entertained here. There is also the Ketschauer Hof with a hotel and the restaurant L. A. Jordan, whose chef Daniel Schimkowitsch earned the restaurant a star in the Michelin Guide in 2020.

Jens Ritter Instruments , a manufacturer of handmade electric basses and guitars, is also based in Deidesheim . Around 70 to 75 such instruments are manufactured each year, most of which are exported to other countries. Musicians who play such an instrument include Doug Wimbish , Phil Lesh, and George Benson . In 1889 a savings bank was founded in Deidesheim, which merged into the Sparkasse Rhein-Haardt . VR Bank Mittelhaardt also has a branch on site.

RHM Klinik- und Altenheimbetriebe BV & Co. KG, an operator of clinics and nursing homes founded in 1978, which was based in Deidesheim until 2015 , is no longer based in Deidesheim. After the merger with the Median Kliniken , the headquarters of the new company is now in Berlin , the office of the Deidesheim branch has been relocated to Neustadt an der Weinstrasse .

Personalities

→ Main article : List of Deidesheim personalities

The viticulture historian Friedrich von Bassermann-Jordan , the Speyer bishop Joseph Wendel , the Catholic priest Heinrich Hartz , and the politicians Hanns Haberer and Helmut Kohl were named honorary citizens of Deidesheim .

Ruth Ratter

Among the people born in Deidesheim were numerous clergymen such as Richard von Deidesheim , who is considered a pioneer in the introduction of the Gothic architectural style in Germany, Dietrich von Deidesheim , Johann Fart , Peter Scheibenhart and Franz Seraph Schaub ; Franz Tafel also worked as a politician. Numerous winemakers come from the place, including Andreas Jordan , Ludwig Andreas Jordan , Andreas Deinhard , Johann Julius Siben , Josef Siben , Franz Eberhard Buhl and Eugen Buhl , all of whom were also politicians ; Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan was mayor of the city for ten years.

Winegrowers such as Franz Peter Buhl , Franz Armand Buhl and Emil Bassermann-Jordan also belong to the people who were not born in the city, but who are closely connected to Deidesheim through their work . the first two were also politicians. Baroness Anna von Szent-Ivanyi endowed an important foundation in favor of the local hospital, in which botanist Carl Heinrich Schultz worked as a doctor. Arnold Siben was, like Stefan Gillich, mayor of the city. Well-known people today include the local and state politician Ruth Ratter and the ceramicist Lotte Reimers , who ran the Museum for Modern Ceramics in Deidesheim together with the ceramicist Jakob Wilhelm Hinder . The guitar maker Jens Ritter has his manufacture in the city and the regional historian Berthold Schnabel is the author of numerous publications about Deidesheim and the surrounding area.

literature

sorted by year of publication

• Hans-Jürgen Wünschel : A forgotten chapter. Deidesheim after the end of the dictatorship . Knecht Verlag, Landau in der Pfalz 1994, ISBN 3-930927-02-0 .
• Georg Peter Karn, Rolf Mertzenich: Bad Dürkheim district. City of Bad Dürkheim, municipality of Haßloch, municipalities of Deidesheim, Lambrecht, Wachenheim (=  cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995, ISBN 3-88462-119-X , p. 138-193 .
• Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel (ed.): Deidesheim - Contributions to the history and culture of a city in the wine country . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0418-4 . The collective work contains the following individual contributions:

• Peter Frankenberg , Martin Kappas : The natural area around Deidesheim , p. 11–49.
• Franz Staab : Traces of the Romans, Austrasian aristocratic heritage, ecclesiastical remote ownership and concentration in Speyer hands. Deidesheim from Roman times to the 13th century , pp. 51–80.
• Kurt Andermann : Outlines of a History of Deidesheim during the Late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era, pp. 81–110.
• Hans Ammerich : Principles of the Church History Deidesheim , pp. 111-136.
• Berthold Schnabel : From the history of the Deidesheim hospital , pp. 137–161.
• Markus Weis: Art and Architecture in Deidesheim , pp. 163–180.
• Michael Martin: Deidesheim in the time of the French Revolution , pp. 181–202.
• Joachim Kermann: Trends in the economic and social development in Deidesheim from 1816 to 1914 , pp. 203-267.
• Stefan Ph. Wolf: No cornfield on the palm of your hand. Deidesheim in the Weimar Republic and in the “Third Reich” , pp. 269–298.
• Fritz Schumann : From the wild grape to the wine cooperative. On the history of viticulture in Deidesheim , pp. 299–315.
• Theo Becker : Deidesheimer viticulture in the 20th century , pp. 317-324.
• Heinz Schmitt : Celebrations and everyday life. A contribution to the folklore of Deidesheim , pp. 325–355.
• Achim Piske: The cultural landscape around Deidesheim , pp. 357–371.

• Heinz Schmitt: billy goat, wine and state visits - Deidesheim over the last 150 years . Ed .: The city of Deidesheim with the support of the Frank Leyden Foundation and Stadtwerke Deidesheim. Verlag Pfälzer Kunst, Landau in der Pfalz 2000, ISBN 3-922580-82-3 .
• Heinrich Seel: Chronicle of the city of Deidesheim. Reprint of the 1880/81 edition . Ed .: Carmen Kämmerer. MESCOLA Verlag, Deidesheim 2013, ISBN 978-3-9815726-0-5 .
• Berthold Schnabel: Deidesheim. Pictures from 1870–1970 from the city, the district and the forest . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Geiger-Verlag, Horb 2015, ISBN 978-3-86595-588-3 .
• Literature about Deidesheim in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography

Movie

• The Deidesheim wine nobility. Documentary, Germany, 2015, 44:37 min., Script and director: Harold Woetzel , production: SWR , series: Pfalzgeschichten , first broadcast: April 14, 2015 on SWR television , synopsis with online video from SWR.

Web links

Commons : Deidesheim  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Deidesheim  - Sources and full texts

Wikivoyage: Deidesheim  - travel guide

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
2. ↑ Map service of the landscape information system of the Rhineland-Palatinate nature conservation administration (LANIS map) ( notes )
3. ↑ ^{a b} My village, my city. City of Deidesheim, area according to use. State Statistical Office, accessed on April 13, 2018 . 
4. ^ Arnold Siben: History of the Deidesheim city forest . Publishing house G. Braun, Karlsruhe i. B. 1948, p. 199 .
5. ↑ ^{a b c} Schnabel (2015) : p. 9.
6. ↑ Schnabel (2015) : p. 7.
7. ↑ ^{a b} GeoExplorer of the Rhineland-Palatinate Water Management Authority ( information )
8. ↑ ^{a b} Frankenberg, Kappas (1995) : p. 18.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Frankenberg, Kappas (1995) : p. 23.
10. ↑ Climate & weather in Deidesheim. climate-data.org, accessed on May 26, 2017 . 
11. ^ Frankenberg, Kappas (1995) : p. 20.
12. ^ Frankenberg, Kappas (1995) : p. 13.
13. ↑ Information board for the Palatinate Forest-Northern Vosges Biosphere Reserve / Deidesheim portal
14. ↑ Frankenberg, Kappas (1995) : pp. 13-15.
15. ↑ ^{a b} Andermann (1995) : pp. 82-83.
16. ↑ Peter Oberhettinger: Deidesheim before the first documentary mention . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung (Hrsg.): Heimatblätter Deidesheim und Umgebung . No. 1 , 1971, p. 7 .
17. ↑ History in the Deidesheim holiday region. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on April 2, 2018 . 
18. ↑ Schnabel (2015) : p. 4.
19. ^ Catholic parish office Deidesheim (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, p. 35 .
20. ↑ ^{a b c} Karn, Mertzenich (1995) : p. 138.
21. ↑ ^{a b c} Berthold Schnabel: How did the communities of the former Deidesheim office get to the Speyer Monastery? In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 1 , 1978, p. 17 .
22. ↑ Staab (1995) : pp. 52-53.
23. ↑ Staab (1995) : pp. 69-70.
24. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 103.
25. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 89.
26. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 91.
27. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 92.
28. ↑ Heinrich Hartz; Kath. Pfarramt Deidesheim (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, pp. 16-17.
29. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 107.
30. ↑ Andermann (1995) : pp. 96-97.
31. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 105.
32. ↑ Martin (1995) : pp. 183-190.
33. ↑ Martin (1995) : pp. 191-194.
34. ↑ Martin (1995) : pp. 198-199.
35. ↑ Martin (1995) : p. 201.
36. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 203-205.
37. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 218-221.
38. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 222-226.
39. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 229-230.
40. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 37.
41. ↑ Kermann (1995) : S. 266th
42. ↑ Wolf (1995) : p. 298.
43. ↑ Wolf (1995) : p. 292.
44. ↑ Wolf (1995) : pp. 280-282.
45. ↑ Durein, Adam / 1893-1948. State Library Center Rhineland-Palatinate, accessed on April 28, 2019 . 
46. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 27-28.
47. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 31.
48. ↑ Manfred Dörr: Shaped by wine, committed to culture. A portrait of the Deidesheim community . In: Bad Dürkheim district (Hrsg.): Heimatjahrbuch 1992 . Haßloch / Pfalz 1991, p. 33 .
49. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 33, 66.
50. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 89-91.
51. ^ Andermann (1995) : p. 93.
52. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 13.
53. ↑ Ammerich (1995) : pp. 112-113.
54. ↑ Kath. Pfarramt (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, p. 23 .
55. ↑ Catholic parish of St. Ulrich (ed.): Parish church of St. Ulrich Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1987, p. 21 .
56. ↑ Ammerich (1995) : p. 114.
57. ↑ Ammerich (1995) : pp. 118-119.
58. ↑ Ammerich (1995) : p. 122.
59. ↑ Ammerich (1995) : p. 125.
60. ^ Parish ( Memento of February 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
61. ↑ Parish office. Saint Michael Parish, accessed April 12, 2018 . 
62. ↑ ^{a b c d} municipal statistics . KommWis GmbH, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
63. ↑ Catholic parish of St. Ulrich (ed.): Parish church of St. Ulrich Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1987, p. 19 .
64. ↑ Kath. Pfarramt (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, p. 53 .
65. ↑ Catholic parish of St. Ulrich (ed.): Parish church of St. Ulrich Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1987, p. 100 .
66. ↑ Kath. Pfarramt (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, p. 42-47 .
67. ^ Berthold Schnabel: History of the Protestant parish Deidesheim . Deidesheim 2015, p. 46-47 .
68. ^ Berthold Schnabel: History of the Protestant parish Deidesheim . Deidesheim 2015, p. 51 .
69. ↑ Ammerich (1995) : pp. 134-135.
70. ↑ Church parishes and districts. Evangelical Church of the Palatinate (Protestant State Church), accessed on April 11, 2018 . 
71. ↑ Berthold Schnabel: Jewish life in Deidesheim in the century between 1630 and 1730 . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 19 , 2007, pp. 6 . ( OCLC 254726800 )
72. ↑ Berthold Schnabel: Memories of the Jewish community of Deidesheim . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 7 , 1991, pp. 3, 8 . ( OCLC 180566142 )
73. ↑ ^{a b} Weis (1995) : p. 164.
74. ↑ Berthold Schnabel: Memories of the Jewish community of Deidesheim . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 7 , 1991, pp. 5 . ( OCLC 180566142 )
75. ^ Deidesheim (Bad Dürkheim district). Jewish Cemetery. Alemannia Judaica - Working Group for Research into the History of Jews in Southern Germany and the Adjoining Region, accessed on April 11, 2018 . 
76. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 22 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
77. ↑ A picture of the seal can be found on Figure 10 in: Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel (Ed.): Deidesheim - Contributions to the history and culture of a city in the wine country . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0418-4 .
78. ↑ A picture of the seal can be found on Figure 11 in: Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel (Ed.): Deidesheim - Contributions to the history and culture of a city in the wine country . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0418-4 .
79. ^ Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate . Verlag W. Gräber, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, p. 46 .
80. ↑ ^{a b} Andermann (1995) : p. 101.
81. ↑ ^{a b c} Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate . Verlag W. Gräber, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, p. 46-47 .
82. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 53.
83. ↑ Wolf (1995) : p. 276.
84. ↑ ^{a b} Wolf (1995) : p. 277.
85. ↑ Wolf (1995) : p. 285.
86. ^ Wünschel (1994) : p. 30.
87. ↑ ^{a b} Wünschel (1994) : p. 135.
88. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 32.
89. ↑ Announcement of the results of the election for mayor of the city of Deidesheim. In: Official Gazette Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim , June 7, 2019.
90. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 28.
91. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 30.
92. ^ Announcement of the results of the election for Deidesheim City Council. In: Official Gazette Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim , June 7, 2019.
93. ↑ Local council elections . The State Returning Officer of Rhineland-Palatinate, accessed on February 12, 2017 . 
94. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 53.
95. ↑ Buhl, Armand Franz. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
96. ↑ ^{a b} Buhl, Dr. Eugen Ritter from. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
97. ↑ ^{a b} Buhl, Franz von. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
98. ↑ Jordan, Ludwig Andreas. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
99. ↑ Jordan, Ludwig Andreas jun. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
100. ^ Buhl, Franz Peter. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
101. ↑ Deinhard, Dr. Andreas Friedrich. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
102. ↑ Siben, Dr. Julius. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
103. ↑ Siben, Josef. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
104. ↑ Kermann (1995) : p. 230.
105. ↑ Schmitt, Gustav. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
106. ↑ Giessen, Josef. House of Bavarian History, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
107. ↑ Tafel, Franz. Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
108. ↑ Visa information sheet. Dipl.-Ing. Helmut A. Fohs, Honorary Consul of the Republic of Togo, accessed on July 13, 2018 . 
109. ↑ Translation service and legal advice. Dipl.-Ing. Helmut A. Fohs, Honorary Consul of the Republic of Togo, accessed on July 13, 2018 . 
110. ↑ Press archive. Dipl.-Ing. Helmut A. Fohs, Honorary Consul of the Republic of Togo, accessed on July 13, 2018 . 
111. ^ ^{A b} Karl-Heinz Forler: Partnerships: The city of Deidesheim and its partner communities . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Deidesheim 2002, p. 32-33 .
112. ↑ Event highlights . KGZ Kur- und Gesundheitzentrum Bad Klosterlausnitz, accessed on March 2, 2018 . 
113. ↑ Karl-Heinz Forler: Partnerships: The town of Deidesheim and its partner communities . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Deidesheim 2002, p. 13-15 .
114. ↑ The Steigerer since 1900! Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on March 2, 2018 . 
115. ↑ Karl-Heinz Forler: Partnerships: The town of Deidesheim and its partner communities . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Deidesheim 2002, p. 23-25 .
116. ↑ Details can be found on this picture .
117. ↑ Karl-Heinz Forler: Partnerships: The town of Deidesheim and its partner communities . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Deidesheim 2002, p. 40-41 .
118. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 66.
119. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 20 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
120. ↑ Karn, Mertzenich (1995) : p. 148.
121. ↑ Karn, Mertzenich (1995) : p. 190.
122. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, pp. 26-27 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
123. ↑ Berthold Schnabel; Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim (ed.): Art historical guide through the Verbandsgemeinde Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1976, pp. 33-34.
124. ↑ Well without water. In: The Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 204, September 3, 2019.
125. ↑ Berthold Schnabel: Art historical guide through the Deidesheim association . Deidesheim 1976, p. 32 .
126. ↑ The billy goat fountain. Tourist Service GmbH, accessed on April 14, 2018 . 
127. ↑ The cup fountain. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
128. ↑ Fountain of history and tradition. Retrieved April 14, 2018 . 
129. ↑ Nature Conservation Administration Rhineland-Palatinate: Landscape Information System of the Nature Conservation Administration Rhineland-Palatinate ; accessed on July 15, 2018
130. ↑ The cultural landscape on the Kirchenberg. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on April 27, 2019 . 
131. ↑ "Marlachwiesen" nature reserve. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on April 27, 2019 . 
132. ↑ Schlosspark, home of the sequoia trees ( Memento from November 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
133. ↑ The city park with a "Mediterranean terrace". Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
134. ↑ Schmitt (1995) : pp. 334, 335.
135. ↑ Deidesheimer Weinkerwe. Tourist Service GmbH, accessed on April 12, 2018 . 
136. ↑ Deidesheimer Advent 2019 - a whole city in a Christmas dream. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on December 12, 2019 . 
137. ↑ Deidesheim Advent. Tourist Service GmbH, accessed on April 12, 2018 . 
138. ↑ Schmitt (1995) : p. 328, 331.
139. ↑ intonation. Deidesheim Art Days. Friederike Zeit, accessed on December 11, 2016 . 
140. ^ Palatinate mineral and fossil exchange. Palatinate Mineral and Fossil Exchange GbR, accessed on April 14, 2018 . 
141. ↑ 21st Deidesheim Music Autumn. Deidesheimer Musikherbst eV, accessed on April 14, 2018 . 
142. ^ Report on the 90th mountain gymnastics festival under the gymnastics memorial. Turngau Rhein-Limburg e. V., accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
143. ↑ International film fair in Deidesheim! (No longer available online.) German Film and Photo Technology Museum, archived from the original on April 19, 2018 ; accessed on April 18, 2018 . 
144. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Wünschel: An entertaining companion through the Museum of Wine Culture in the historic town hall of Deidesheim . Ed .: Museum für Weinkultur e. V. Deidesheim, S. 5, 7 .
145. ↑ ^{a b} Schmitt (2000) : p. 76.
146. ↑ Fascination Museum. (No longer available online.) German Film and Photo Technology Museum e. V., archived from the original on October 27, 2017 ; accessed on April 13, 2018 . 
147. ↑ Film exchange: With 40 exhibitors. In: The Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 99, April 28, 2017.
148. ↑ The Foundation. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on April 14, 2018 . 
149. ↑ The tower scribe. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
150. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 77.
151. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 33.
152. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 135.
153. ↑ Popular sport for the whole family. TSG 1849 Deidesheim eV, accessed on October 8, 2017 . 
154. ↑ nordic walking on the german wine route. (PDF (343 kB)) Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
155. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 49-50.
156. ↑ Short profile alla hopp! Verbandsgemeindeverwaltung Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
157. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 101.
158. ↑ Kurt Egenberger; MGV Liederkranz 1845 Deidesheim (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the 125th anniversary . Deidesheim 1970, p. 34.
159. ↑ Chronicle. MGV Liederkranz 1845 Deidesheim e. V., accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
160. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 102, 126.
161. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 104.
162. ↑ The history of TSG. TSG 1849 Deidesheim eV, accessed on October 8, 2017 . 
163. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 110.
164. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 114.
165. ↑ ^{a b} Schmitt (2000) : pp. 113, 118.
166. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 129.
167. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 123.
168. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 124.
169. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 126, 139, 140.
170. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : pp. 113, 138.
171. ↑ In the beginning there was wine ... (No longer available online.) Deidesheimer Kerwebuwe, archived from the original on October 26, 2016 ; accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
172. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 136.
173. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 140.
174. ↑ Schmitt (1995) : p. 350.
175. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 144.
176. ↑ ^{a b c} Horst Müller: Famous Wine Locations - Deidesheim . Falken Verlag, Niedernhausen / Taunus 1976, p. 30 .
177. ↑ Schumann (1995) : p. 302.
178. ↑ Vineyard map. Wine location map of the Deidesheim holiday region. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
179. ↑ Schumann (1995) : p. 303.
180. ↑ Schumann (1995) : pp. 300-301.
181. ↑ Schumann (1995) : pp. 301-304.
182. ↑ Schumann (1995) : p. 302.
183. ↑ Kermann (1995) : p. 231.
184. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 231, 233.
185. ↑ Kermann (1995) : p. 261.
186. ↑ Carmen Letzelter: The Riesling Cooperative. Winzerverein Deidesheim: The oldest in the Palatinate . In: Bad Dürkheim district (Hrsg.): Heimatjahrbuch 1992 . Haßloch / Pfalz 1991, p. 114 .
187. ↑ Horst Müller: Famous Wine Locations - Deidesheim . Falken Verlag, Niedernhausen / Taunus 1976, p. 47 .
188. ↑ Schnabel (2015) : p. 8.
189. ↑ Horst Müller: Famous Wine Locations - Deidesheim . Falken Verlag, Niedernhausen / Taunus 1976, p. 27 .
190. ↑ 1x1 of the grape varieties in and around Deidesheim. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
191. ↑ Manfred Dörr: Shaped by wine, committed to culture. A portrait of the Deidesheim community . In: Bad Dürkheim district (Hrsg.): Heimatjahrbuch 1992 . Haßloch / Pfalz 1991, p. 32 .
192. ↑ Clean enough for the label “climatic health resort”. In: The Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 255, November 2, 2016.
193. ↑ cittaslow. Deidesheim: first cittaslow in Rhineland-Palatinate. Tourist Service GmbH Deidesheim, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
194. ↑ Piske (1995) : p. 363.
195. ↑ My village, my city. City of Deidesheim. Businesses, guests and overnight stays 1995–2016. State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
196. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 77.
197. ↑ Piske (1995) : p. 358.
198. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 215-216.
199. Jump up to the point: The Biffar site. In: The Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 249, October 25, 2016.
200. ^ Arnold Siben: History of the Deidesheim city forest . Publishing house G. Braun, Karlsruhe i. B. 1948, p. 199-200, 220, 224 .
201. ↑ forestry administration union Mittelhaardt. Verbandsgemeindeverwaltung Deidesheim, accessed on April 25, 2019 . 
202. ↑ Schnabel (1995) : p. 151.
203. ↑ Heinrich Hartz; Kath. Pfarramt Deidesheim (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, p. 21.
204. ^ Alfons Effler: From the history of the Deidesheimer school houses . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung (Hrsg.): Heimatblätter Deidesheim und Umgebung . No. 13 , 1974, p. 23 .
205. ↑ School expansion costs over 15 million euros In: Die Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 304, December 30, 2016.
206. ↑ To the point: The first IGS in the district In: Die Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 304, December 30, 2016.
207. ^ Catholic public library. Saint Michael Parish, accessed October 8, 2017 . 
208. ↑ Citizen information. Verbandsgemeindeverwaltung Deidesheim, accessed on April 22, 2018 . 
209. ↑ Kermann (1995) : S. 227th
210. ↑ Kermann (1995) : pp. 227-228.
211. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 16.
212. ↑ Stefan Gillich: Stefan Gillich - memories . 2nd Edition. Englram Partner, Haßloch 2008, ISBN 978-3-926775-53-5 , p. 160 .
213. ↑ Open Canal Wine Route. Channel cooperation “OK Weinstraße”, accessed on October 9, 2017 . 
214. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 42.
215. ↑ ^{a b c} Alfons Effler: The water supply for the city of Deidesheim at the end of the 19th century. 1st part . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 15 , 1996. ( OCLC 1046410394 )
216. ^ Stadtwerke Deidesheim GmbH (Ed.): Energy on site . No. 10 . Deidesheim 2017.
217. ^ ^{A b} Alfons Effler: The water supply for the city of Deidesheim at the end of the 19th century. 2nd part . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 16 , 1996. ( OCLC 1069027016 )
218. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 43.
219. ↑ Schnabel (2015) : p. 10.
220. ^ History. Deidesheimer Hof, accessed on November 1, 2016 . 
221. ↑ Sebastian Raviol, Sibylle Kranich: Guide Michelin 2020: These are all the star restaurants in the region. Baden's latest news, accessed on March 4, 2020 . 
222. ^ Franz Holtmann: 20 years of Ritter Instruments. Guitar & bass. The musician magazine, accessed on January 8, 2017 . 
223. ↑ City wants needs-based development. In: The Rheinpfalz, Mittelhaardter Rundschau. No. 249, October 25, 2016.
224. ^ Viktor Carl: Lexicon of Palatinate Personalities . Arwid Hennig Verlag, Edenkoben 1998, ISBN 3-9804668-2-5 , p. 30 .
225. ^ Catholic parish office Deidesheim (Ed.): 500 years parish church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964, p. 39 .
226. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 31.
227. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 56.
228. ↑ Schmitt (2000) : p. 91.

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 26, 2018 .