Wimpfen pen
The pin Wimpfen was a Ritterstiftskirche in Bad Wimpfen in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg . The monastery was founded in the 10th century at the latest, it was abolished by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803. The most important and in parts also the oldest structure preserved by the monastery is the collegiate church of St. Peter , whose westwork was built in the 11th century. Associated with the monastery is the market law from 965, to which today's Wimpfen valley market goes back. The early importance of the monastery as a meeting place, the old market law and the location on ancient long-distance roads probably also contributed to the choice of location for the Palatinate Wimpfen, which emerged around 1200 above the valley settlement .
history
The monastery may have been founded as early as the 9th century, but no later than the 10th century. It belonged to the diocese of Worms and was in its easternmost sphere of influence. The provost of the Wimpfener Stift was one of four archdeacons of the diocese to oversee the church property in Elsenzgau and Gartachgau . The provost and dean were elected by the twelve canons . In the course of time, the post of provost lost its importance and was no longer occupied from 1604, which is why the respective dean was in charge of the monastery.
The monastery was equipped with goods, buildings, slopes and church patronages in the Wimpfen valley town and the surrounding towns, as well as the right to fish in the Neckar , the right to operate ferries on the river and, from 965, the market right to which today's Wimpfen valley market goes back . The monastery was never a cultural or spiritual center, but its early importance as a worms administrative center and the location on old long-distance roads around 1200 contributed to the foundation of the Pfalz Wimpfen above the monastery by the Staufers .
From the high Middle Ages on, most of the canons of the monastery came from knighthood . Due to the majority of these people, who were only given minor orders , the character of the monastery changed from a monastery-like institution to a structure for caring for non-wealthy knights. The canons no longer lived together within the core complex, but moved into separate houses in the Wimpfen valley town. With the reform of the monastery of 1268/69, non-aristocratic priests were allowed to perform liturgical acts in the monastery as vicars. They initially moved into the monastery-like buildings around the collegiate church, which was renovated at that time, and later also own houses outside the monastery. In the late Middle Ages there were 38 clerical posts, 12 of which were canonicals, two of which had been occupied by professors from Heidelberg University since 1386 , six holders of the so-called six-vouchers who were equal to the canons, and 20 vicars.
The bailiwick of the monastery, which originally belonged to the diocese of Worms, came to the empire in the 13th century, to the Electoral Palatinate in 1386 and to Württemberg in 1504 , with the monastery remaining directly under the empire in each case . From 1593 to 1604, the later Prince-Bishop of Worms, Wilhelm von Efferen, was the monastery dean. When he was elected bishop, he resigned.
The end of the monastery came with the reorganization of the German south-west as a result of the Napoleonic wars around 1800. While the first distribution plan of the Reich deputation in August 1802 still provided that the knight monastery should fall to the Principality of Leiningen , the Baden Margrave Karl Friedrich also raised it in September 1802 Expectations. However, the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt occupied the monastery on November 14, 1802 and in April 1803 agreed with Baden to remain with Hesse. The monastery buildings were gradually sold, but still shape the appearance of Wimpfen in the valley to the present day, so that the entire complex is now a cultural monument under monument protection.
From 1947 to 2004 the monks expelled from the Grüssau monastery in Lower Silesia after the Second World War used some of the buildings under the name of Grüssau Abbey .
Preserved buildings
The abbey district comprised almost the entire western valley town of Wimpfen. In addition to the collegiate church with its cloister-forming outbuildings, the buildings included the representative buildings of the custodian and deanery on Lindenplatz, four vicar properties and numerous other residential buildings with their own barns and stables, as well as various farm buildings such as barns , wine press and cooperage . The walled valley town with the monastery district is a listed building as a whole according to § 19 DSchG. Most of the individual buildings that have survived and are related to the monastery also enjoy special protection as individual monuments.
Of the buildings that once belonged to the monastery have been preserved:
| address | designation | image |
|---|---|---|
| Lindenplatz 3 | former vicar property |
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| Lindenplatz 4 | former custody |
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| Lindenplatz 5 | former deanery |
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| Lindenplatz 7 | Former knight's monastery church with convent, cloister and monastery garden |
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| Lindenplatz 7 | former sacristan property |
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| Corneliastraße 14 | Barn, belonged to the vicar estate at Corneliastraße 18 |
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| Corneliastrasse 17 | former monastery winery |
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| Corneliastraße 18 | Former vicar property, presumably the residence of the last priest until 1827 |
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| Corneliastraße 20 | former canon house |
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| Corneliastrasse 21 | former Stiftskelter |
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| Corneliastraße 26 | former canon house |
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| Corneliastrasse 27 | former master house |
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| Corneliastrasse 28 | former canon house |
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| Stiftsgasse 4 | former Kornmesser property |
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| Stiftsgasse 5, 7 | former collegiate cooperage, so-called Metternichhaus |
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| Stiftsgasse 12 | Former goods inventory property |
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| Stiftsgasse 14, 16 | Barn and residential building using parts of the monastery’s former tithe barn |
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literature
- The knight monastery of St. Peter in Wimpfen in the valley , in: Hans Ulrich Rudolf (ed.): Old monasteries, new gentlemen - The secularization in the German south-west 1803 , Ostfildern 2003, vol. 2.1, pp. 560-562.
- Regional Council Stuttgart: Monument Preservation Value Plan - Entire Site Bad Wimpfen / Tal , Stuttgart 2009