Pechsteinkopf
| Pechsteinkopf | ||
|---|---|---|
 Basalt fraction |
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| height | 355 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | Haardt | |
| Mountains | Palatinate Forest ( Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany ) | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 25 '34 " N , 8 ° 9' 47" E | |
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| rock | igneous rock | |
| Age of the rock | 53 million years | |
| particularities | Open-cast basalt mining until the 1980s | |
The Pechsteinkopf is 355.2 m above sea level. NHN high mountain in the Palatinate ( Rhineland-Palatinate ). The Forster Pechstein vineyard is named after him .
geography
The Pechsteinkopf belongs to the Haardt mountain range on the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest . It is located on the western edge of the Upper Rhine Rift, two kilometers west of the village of Forst on the Weinstrasse in the 7332-174 nature reserve.
geology
The mountain takes its name from the fact that basalt (alkaline volcanite , olivine nephelinite), which in the past was apparently equated with pitch stone, came to light there. This is the only occurrence of younger igneous rock in the Palatinate . The basalt fills a ditch around 625 meters long and 175 meters wide, which runs from southwest to northeast and is cut roughly in the middle by Margarethental . The liquid magma , which, according to recent studies, rose in a crack around 53 - according to older sources 29 or 35 - million years ago, already solidified in the crevices and initially formed basalt columns . Hot gases rose with the magma, and when they erupted the columns broke into lumps of basalt .
economy
Open pit basalt mining
The basalt was mined in open-cast mining until the 1980s . In addition to a smaller funnel in the northeast, a large one was created in the southwest, which is 100 meters deep and 200 meters in diameter. Initially, the rock was brought to a loading station with a grinder on the Neustadt – Bad Dürkheim railway line by circulating aerial cableway . The cable car was more than two kilometers long and ran between Forst an der Weinstrasse and Deidesheim over the German Wine Route . After the transport had been switched to trucks due to the larger loading capacity, a new grinding mill was built in the southwest of the Pechsteinkopf to protect the residents of Forst from noise and dust.
After the cessation of basalt mining, the grinder and cable car were dismantled, and the funnel edges were blocked off from being accessed. Because the water that escapes in the mining area is no longer pumped out as it was during pumping times, two ponds formed on the bottom of the mining funnel, which are now natural.
Viticulture
The dark, water-permeable basalt soil on the south and east slopes of the mountain stores the sun's heat and slowly releases it during the night. It offers very good conditions for viticulture because the grapevines have to be deeply rooted in order to get to the groundwater and thus absorb a particularly large number of minerals . The 17 hectare Forster Pechstein single vineyard produces filigree Riesling wines in particular , which - if certain other quality criteria are met - can be marketed as large plants . In order to emphasize the close connection between soil quality and viticulture, the relief of a hauer is carved into a basalt block on site above the inscription top vineyard Forster Pechstein .
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Surveying and Basic Geographic Information Rhineland-Palatinate , Koblenz, information from September 20, 2011
- ↑ Nature Conservation Administration Rhineland-Palatinate: Nature reserve. Retrieved February 23, 2012 .
- ↑ Mineral Atlas: Pechsteinkopf near Forst (Rhineland-Palatinate). Retrieved June 26, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c Forst municipality: Pechstein / Pechsteinkopf. Retrieved September 18, 2011 (with photos of the relief and mining funnel; the latter is incorrectly referred to as the "volcanic cone").
- ↑ Michael Geiger: Pechsteinkopf . In: Adolf Hanle (Ed.): Meyers Naturführer Pfälzerwald and Weinstrasse . Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim 1990, p. 100-102 .
- ↑ Jost Haneke and Michael Weidenfeller: The geological building units of the Palatinate . In: Michael Geiger et al. (Hrsg.): Geographie der Pfalz . Verlag Pfälzische Landeskunde, Landau / Pfalz 2010, p. 85 .
- ↑ a b "Walter vun de Palz": Pechsteinkopf near Forst on the Weinstrasse. Retrieved September 19, 2011 (with overview map).