Wachenheim on the Wine Route
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Coordinates: 49 ° 26 ' N , 8 ° 11' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Rhineland-Palatinate | |
| County : | Bad Dürkheim | |
| Association municipality : | Wachenheim on the Wine Route | |
| Height : | 141 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 24.97 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4592 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 184 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 67157 | |
| Area code : | 06322 | |
| License plate : | DÜW | |
| Community key : | 07 3 32 046 | |
| Association administration address: | Weinstrasse 16 67157 Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse |
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| Website : | ||
| City Mayor : | Torsten Bechtel ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the town of Wachenheim on the Weinstrasse in the Bad Dürkheim district | ||
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Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse , formerly Wachenheim an der Haardt , is a small town on the middle Haardt in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Bad Dürkheim , within which it is the fifth largest local community in terms of population. It is best known for various companies in the wine industry .
Wachenheim is a state-approved resort and designated as a basic center according to state planning . The city is the administrative seat of the Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse community , to which it also belongs.
geography
location
Wachenheim is located on the Haardt , as the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest is called, in the so-called Wachenheim Valley . In the southwest of the district the Odinstal and in the northwest lies Poppental . Neighboring communities are - clockwise - Bad Dürkheim , Friedelsheim , Forst an der Weinstrasse , Deidesheim and Neidenfels .
Surveys
In the middle of the Haardt, the 463-meter-high Rindskehler Kopf rises . In the south-west of the district boundary to Bad Dürkheim rises the 532 meter high Plankenberg and immediately next to it the 519 meter high Seekopf . The Rothsteiger Kopf ( 388.8 m ) extends further south . In the far west of the district is the 471 meter high Taubenrux . The 516 meter high Eckkopf , the 545 meter high Vordere Langenberg and the 566.2 meter high Hohe Stoppelkopf are located further east on the district boundary to Deidesheim . The Pechsteinkopf (355.2 meters) and the Höninger Kopf (387 meters) are also located on the border with Forst on the Weinstrasse .
Waters
The Wachenheimer Bach and the Schwabenbach run through the settlement area in a west-east direction . The former rises to the west of the Wachenheim development in the middle of the Palatinate Forest, where it receives the water from the Aybachbrunnen and the Hahnenbrunnen . The Mußbach rises in the forest markings far away from the settlement area , and in this area it absorbs the water from the Siebenröhrenbrunnens . From the right the stream takes on the Silbertalbach , which comes from the valley of the same name .
Panorama: View from the observation tower of the Wachtenburg
history
Prehistory and early history
The first traces of settlement in the area around Wachenheim date from the earlier Iron Age (550 BC to 1). At this time the Celts settled in the area of the Upper Rhine Plain . Around 60 BC Germanic tribes, presumably Nemeters , invaded the region and drove out the Celts. The Romans intervened in the disputes between Teutons and Celts, who subjugated the Nemeters after their victory over Ariovistus (57 BC) and ruled the region for the next 400 years. As a result of Roman influences, there was an improvement in agriculture and the beginning of fruit and wine growing . Remains of a Roman villa were reconstructed east of Wachenheim. A Roman road is also said to have run through the Wachenheim district : this presumably ran from Mußbach on the Weinstrasse along the Haardt and through Rheinhessen to Bingen .
After a brief invasion by the Huns around 450, the Alemanni advanced into the area, but were driven out of the region by the Franks towards the end of the fifth century .
middle Ages
The first written mention of Wachenheim - at that time still called Wackenheim - comes from the Lorsch Codex at the time of the Carolingians . There, on March 30, 766, the donation of a Wachenheim Wingert was noted.
In the 11th century, Wachenheim belonged to the Salian rule . According to a document dated February 16, 1035, Emperor Konrad II gave the place to the newly founded Limburg Monastery . It says that the monastery will keep the site as its property, with all the rights and usufructs that the Rhine Franconian dukes have had there since then .
The castle complex, which today only exists as a ruin, dates from the Staufer era and was part of a system of castles that they had planned.
On June 24, 1341, Wachenheim was granted city rights by Emperor Ludwig the Bavarians . In 1436 Duke Stefan , a son of the Roman-German King Ruprecht (1398–1410), built a mint that was in operation until 1471. In that year Wachenheim was taken by Elector Friedrich I of the Palatinate , after it had previously been owned by Duke Ludwig the Black . The gun master of the Electorate of the Palatinate, Martin Merz , directed the bombardment. During this conquest, Wachenheim Castle was burned down, largely destroyed and then only partially rebuilt. The castle and town survived the War of the Bavarian-Palatinate Succession relatively unscathed; during the Peasants' War the castle was used by marauding farmers as a base for their raids.
Modern times
During the Thirty Years War , Wachenheim was occupied by Spanish troops from 1621, which were driven out by Swedish troops under King Gustav Adolf in 1631 . After their defeat in 1634 little is known about the following years. However, there is evidence that the citizens had to flee several times to the nearby Hardenburg near Dürkheim .
Even after the Thirty Years' War, the region of Wachenheim was besieged again and again, one of the highlights was the War of the Palatinate Succession (1688–1697), during which Wachenheim was completely burned down.
In the 18th century Wachenheim was rebuilt and developed favorably, but the turmoil of the French Revolution resulted in further sieges and destruction. In 1794 French troops invaded the place and looted it. Until 1814, Wachenheim then belonged to the Donnersberg department , Speyer arrondissement , Dürkheim canton in the French Republic (1798–1804) and in the French Empire (1804–1814). After the reign of Napoleon I ended , the Palatinate on the left bank of the Rhine and thus also Wachenheim was administered by the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1816 onwards . From 1818 to 1862 he was a member of the Neustadt Land Commissioner ; from this the district office of Neustadt emerged.
Both in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 and in the First World War , Wachenheim was spared further destruction and was occupied by France after the end of the First World War - until the Rhineland was evacuated on July 1, 1930 . In 1902 the city moved to the newly created district office of Dürkheim , before this was reintegrated into its Neustadt counterpart in 1931. From 1939 the place was part of the district of Neustadt . During the Second World War , on March 18, 1945, areas of the old town were destroyed by several Allied bombing raids, as parts of the German Army Command were staying in Wachenheim. After the war, Wachenheim became part of the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate within the French occupation zone . In the course of the first administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate , the city moved to the newly created district of Bad Dürkheim on June 7, 1969 .
population
Population development
In 1815 the city had a total of 2,200 inhabitants, in 1925 there were 2,212.In the following decades, the number doubled, so that in 2019 4592 people lived in Wachenheim.
religion
- Christianity
The Evangelicals are part of the Protestant Church of the Palatinate . The Catholics belong to the diocese of Speyer and are subordinate to the dean's office in Bad Dürkheim .
The St. George's Church was up to the new building of the Catholic Church in 1989 as an interdenominational church shared by Catholics and Protestants. This determination was made in the course of the electoral Palatinate church division in 1707. The Catholics received the choir and ancillary buildings, the Protestants the nave.
The Catholic Church is also dedicated to the patronage of the canonized Edith Stein . There was a separate parish on site until the end of 2015, since then the church has been a branch of the parish of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus, located in Bad Dürkheim
- Judaism
The local Jewish community once owned a synagogue that no longer exists. The Jewish cemetery on Römerstrasse is the oldest Jewish cemetery in the Bad Dürkheim region.
politics
City council
The city council in Wachenheim consists of 20 council members, who were elected in a personalized proportional representation in the local elections on May 26, 2019 , and the honorary city mayor as chairman.
The distribution of seats in the city council:
| choice | SPD | CDU | FDP | Green | volt | FWG | WL | WBL | total |
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| 2019 | 2 | 8th | 1 | 4th | 1 | 4th | - | - | 20 seats |
| 2014 | 3 | 9 | 1 | - | - | 4th | 2 | 1 | 20 seats |
| 2009 | 4th | 7th | 2 | - | - | 4th | 3 | - | 20 seats |
| 2004 | 4th | 4th | 1 | - | - | 7th | 3 | 1 | 20 seats |
- FWG = Free Voting Community Wachenheim e. V.
- WL = Wachenheimer List e. V.
- WBL = Wachenheimer Bürgerliste e. V.
City Mayor
Torsten Bechtel from the CDU has been mayor since 2009. In the direct election on May 26, 2019, he was confirmed in his office with 59.77% of the votes. His predecessor was Arnold Nagel from the FWG, who had served from 1979.
coat of arms
The city of Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse has had two coats of arms since 1845 , following approval by the Bavarian king . Wappen II is no longer used, but there is no Council decision on the repeal of the second coat of arms.
| Coat of arms I. | |
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Blazon : "Under the red shield head, in it the black capital letter W, square, top right and bottom left in black a right-turned red armored, tongued and crowned golden lion, top left and bottom right roughened ( awakened ) in silver and blue." |
| Justification of the coat of arms: Already in 1390 the city of Wachenheim sealed with the four-part electoral Palatinate lion-diamond shield, from 1666 a split shield with Palatinate lion and diamond has been handed down next to it; The lion holding a W ( Palatinate lion ) appears in the front shield . These seal forms also occur side by side. |
| Coat of arms II | |
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Blazon : "In silver over a green shield base, a right-facing, red-armored, tongued and crowned golden lion, leaning with his right paw on the floating black capital letter W."
The approval of the coat of arms is based on King Ludwig I of Bavaria and was granted on October 7, 1845. |
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| Establishment of the coat of arms: In 1739, the current form of the coat of arms was first documented as a seal. The lion holding the W was taken up again in the so-called small seal in 1748, now independent. This and the four-part shield as a large seal predominated in the subsequent period, and the royal award granted Wachenheim's request to be allowed to use both coats of arms, but with the large coat of arms with the addition of a shield head with a black capital letter W, initially in a silver field. |
Town twinning
Wachenheim is twinned with Cuisery in France and Pegau (Saxony). Wine sponsorships are maintained with Schwetzingen and Neuburg (Danube) .
Culture and sights
Cultural monuments
Monument zones
The Wachtenburg ruin , which is also known as the “balcony of the Palatinate” because of the view over the Rhine valley . The castle, which lies above the small town, dates from the 12th century and was largely destroyed in the 15th century. In 1689, half of the keep was blown up by French troops. Since 1984 the “Support Group for the Preservation of the Ruin Wachtenburg e. V. “in the maintenance and renovation of the ruin. The castle is a popular destination for hikers who can stop off in the associated castle tavern.
The villa rustica near Wachenheim is a Roman country estate that was found in the 1970s during land consolidation. The foundation walls were reconstructed and give an impression of the size of the complex at that time.
Soon after the town charter was granted in 1341, Wachenheim was fortified with a town wall. The 1200 meter long wall encompasses the historic city center and is shaped like an iron. The city wall was around 9 m high and 1.5 m thick at the base. There were city gates in the north and south. Today the course of the city wall is still clearly visible and can also be viewed in large areas outside the city center . In the city center itself, the city wall is now mostly merged with buildings and can only be seen directly in parts.
Other monument zones are the cemetery, the Jewish cemetery and the city center.
Individual monuments
The Villa Wolf is a unique in its design country villa from the mid-19th century. It was completed in 1843 according to the plans of the Karlsruhe architect Friedrich Eisenlohr . A spacious courtyard and a manorial garden with an impressive tree population round off the entire estate harmoniously.
The castle now functions as the location of the Schloss Wachenheim sparkling wine cellar . Other individual monuments include the simultaneous church of St. Georg , the Diebsturm , the Dr. Bürklin-Wolf , the weather cross north-west of the city , the Christophel-Schuh and the Odinstal forest farm .
nature
There are a total of seven natural monuments on site . In the north-west of the district lies the Haardtrand nature reserve - Auf der Krähhöhle .
leisure
The Kurpfalz-Park , located on the Rotsteig in the Palatinate Forest , is home to numerous animal species, some of which are presented in game enclosures . There is also the only summer toboggan run in the Palatinate and other entertainment options, including a bird of prey show , a puppet theater , a Kurpfalz-Express and more.
Knight stones
The knight stones 268 and 273 are located on the forest area of Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse . The former is called the Hexenstein and originally faked as a grave crown stone before it was converted into a witch stone. The latter is called Kelter and is not far from the boundary of Bad Dürkheim; This is a boulder lying in the middle of the earth, which is one of the oldest wine presses in the Palatinate.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
- Viticulture
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Largest wine-growing communities in the growing area |
Rank among all Rhineland-Palatinate wine-growing communities according to vineyards |
Planted vineyards in 2017 (in ha ) |
Grape varieties | |
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| white | Red | |||
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| Palatinate | 23,652 | 65 | 35 | |
| Landau (Palatinate) | 1 | 2,067 | 66 | 34 |
| Neustadt (Weinstrasse) | 2 | 2,031 | 67 | 33 |
| Cheap home-Ingenheim | 4th | 843 | 62 | 38 |
| Bad Dürkheim | 6th | 819 | 68 | 32 |
| Kirrweiler | 14th | 589 | 67 | 33 |
| Edesheim | 17th | 505 | 61 | 39 |
| Deidesheim | 18th | 498 | 85 | 15th |
| Wachenheim (Weinstrasse) | 20th | 473 | 75 | 25th |
| Goecklingen | 22nd | 464 | 65 | 34 |
| Freinsheim | 25th | 437 | 61 | 39 |
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Source: Leaflet Viticulture 2018. State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate, Bad Ems, May 2018 |
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The place is characterized by viticulture and tourism . In terms of area, with 477 hectares of planted vineyards, it is one of the largest wine-growing communities in the Palatinate . The large Schenkenböhl site and the individual sites Altenburg , Belz , Bischofsgarten , Böhlig , Fuchsmantel , Gerümpel , Goldbächel , Königswingert , Luginsland , Mandelgarten , Odinsthal , Rechbächel and Schloßberg are located within the city limits . In June, the town's largest event takes place, the Castle and Wine Festival .
- forestry
In the course of the Haingeraide , Wachenheim received the so-called fourth Haardtgeraide , which was dissolved in the early modern period and which was therefore subordinate to the city. The Rotsteig forester's lodge is also located in the middle of the Palatinate Forest .
- Established businesses
Companies based in the city include the Dr. Bürklin-Wolf , the Wachtenburg Winzer , RP-Eisenbahn and Die Zunft AG - Vinocom . The headquarters of the Sektkellerei Schloss Wachenheim is now in Trier, but Wachenheim was retained as a production site. The JL Wolf winery in Wachenheim was also featured in the first episode of the documentary series Weinwunder Germany . A specialty is the Eyrich candle factory , which has been in existence since 1966 and is the only company in this branch in the Palatinate. VR Bank Mittelhaardt also has a branch on site.
traffic
The German Wine Route , which used to be identical to the B 271, runs through Wachenheim . To relieve them, a bypass road was built in the 1990s that leads past Wachenheim to the east and connects Bad Dürkheim with Neustadt an der Weinstrasse . State roads 516 and 525 as well as district road 16 run through the settlement area .
Wachenheim is part of the Rhein-Neckar transport association . In 1865 the city received a station on the Palatinate Northern Railway , which initially went into operation between Neustadt and Bad Dürkheim and was tied through to Monsheim in 1873 . In the meantime it has been dismantled and the station building torn down. On the route, regional trains run every half hour in the Rhineland-Palatinate cycle to Freinsheim ; every second train is tied through to Grünstadt .
tourism
Wachenheim is located on the Palatinate Almond Trail and the Palatinate Weinsteig . In addition, the city is the eastern end point of two hiking trails, one of which is marked with a yellow bar and which begins in Glanbrücken and one that is marked with a yellow-red bar and starts at Lichtenberg Castle . Another, which is marked with a red bar , runs from Neuleiningen to Siebeldingen and which is marked with a red point , from Hertlingshausen to Wingen-sur-Moder .
Away from the settlement area, one that is marked with a white-blue bar leads from Battenberg to Wörth am Rhein . The so-called Saar-Rhein hiking trails include the hiking route marked with the black dot on a white bar , which leads from Saarbrücken to Rülzheim . A hiking trail begins at the Rotsteig forester's lodge , which is marked with a red and white bar and runs to Gimmeldingen . The Saar-Rhein-Main long-distance hiking trail marked with a yellow bar and a path marked with a blue-red bar that connects Kirchheimbolanden and Pirmasens run through the far west of the district .
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Hans Otto Wagner (1902–1965), mayor from 1948 to 1962. Dr.-Wagner-Platz was dedicated to him.
sons and daughters of the town
- Johannes Theobald Klein (1791–1870), politician
- Philipp Flad (1800–1869), senior bailiff in Baden
- Jakob Franck (1811–1884), philologist and school teacher
- Leopold Morse (1831-1892), American politician (Democrat)
- Stephan Lederer (1844–1923), Catholic priest and writer
- Isaac Rice (1850–1915), entrepreneur and chess player
- Joseph Niedhammer (1851–1908), composer and cathedral music director in Speyer
- Georg Stehli (1883–1951), naturalist and author
- Erich Heidschuch (1895–1960), chief secret service officer
- Albert Bürklin (1907–1979), wine-growing official
- Willy Glas (1920–1960 / 61), flautist
People who worked on site
- Nicolaus Berkhout (1813–1892), Dutch genre and landscape painter, died on site.
- Steffen Bohl (* 1983), soccer player, played at TuS Wachenheim in his youth.
- Albert Bürklin (1844–1924), politician, general manager of the Karlsruhe court theater, president of the Goethe Society , was the owner of a winery in Wachenheim.
- Martin Darting (* 1961), winemaker, wine and sensory expert, synaesthetist, author and sommelier trainer, lives in Wachenheim.
- Joseph Engelmann (1783–1845), publisher and bookseller, died in Wachenheim.
- Valentin Peter Feuerstein (1917–1999), painter, restorer and glass painter, created the stained glass windows in the Wachenheim church.
- Hans Hoffmann (1893–1952), lawyer and notary in Wachenheim, was a politician (SPD) and from 1947 to 1951 Minister of Finance and Reconstruction in Rhineland-Palatinate.
- Hans Hüttig (1894–1980), SS leader and commander of the Natzweiler-Struthof and Herzogenbusch concentration camps, lived in Wachenheim from 1956 until his death.
- Klaus Huter (* 1940), holder of the Federal Cross of Merit (2008) and the Freiherr vom Stein plaque (2013), was mayor of the Wachenheim community from 1989 to 2007 .
- Ute Kittelberger (* 1958), actress and model, lives on site.
- Leopold Reitz (1889–1972), teacher, writer and local poet, co-founder of the Palatinate Wine Brotherhood , wrote the book Der Weinpfarrer von Wachenheim in 1937 . The adventurous novel of wine .
- Sabine Röhl (1957–2012), politician (SPD), district administrator, lived in Wachenheim.
- Stefan Steinweg (* 1969), Olympic cycling champion and multiple world champion, lives in Wachenheim.
- Heiko Vogel (* 1975), soccer coach, grew up in Wachenheim and played at TuS Wachenheim in his youth.
- Machar Wais von Fauerbach († 1509), was abbot of the Limburg monastery from 1490 to 1509 . During his tenure, it was destroyed in 1504; since then he has lived in the Münzhof Wachenheim and is buried in the church of St. Georg.
- Wolfgang Wittkowsky (1933–2013), politician (CDU), came from Bad Dürkheim and died in Wachenheim.
Web links
- Literature about Wachenheim an der Weinstrasse in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate - population status 2019, districts, communities, association communities ( help on this ).
- ^ Official Journal of the Royal Bavarian government of the Rhine district of November 26, 1817: Announcement of November 17, 1817, cantonal division of the Rhine district ( bavarica.digitale-sammlungen.de )
- ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate - regional data
- ↑ Minst, Karl Josef [transl.]: Lorscher Codex (Volume 4), Certificate 2171 March 30th 766 - Reg. 34. In: Heidelberger historical stocks - digital. Heidelberg University Library, p. 63 , accessed on January 18, 2016 .
- ^ Wilhelm Manchot : Limburg Monastery , Mannheimer Altertumsverein, 1892, p. 7
- ^ The Regional Returning Officer Rhineland-Palatinate: Local elections 2019, city and municipal council elections
- ↑ The regional returning officer RLP: direct elections 2019. see Wachenheim adW, Verbandsgemeinde, fourth line of results. Retrieved October 16, 2019 .
- ^ Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate . Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, ISBN 3-9801574-2-3 , p. 65 .
- ↑ LA Speyer, D 30 No. 49
- ↑ LA Speyer, F 2 No. 323, p. 1
- ↑ Wappen II on the website of the Heimatverein
- ↑ LA Speyer, A 2 No. 118 Id fol. 56 v
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