Sub-center
Sub-center and basic center are terms of spatial planning and economic geography . In Germany, they designate a central place of the lower level according to the system of central places , which essentially goes back to the German geographer Walter Christaller (1893–1969). Accordingly, the importance of a place determines less its population than its infrastructure in comparison to the surrounding area. It is classified in the three-stage scale: upper center - middle center - lower center / basic center. In some federal states there is the basic center with partial functions of a medium center . In some federal states, small centers are locations that only partially meet the criteria of a basic center.
As a minimum size for the designation of a sub-center, a certain number of inhabitants (sum of place and surrounding area) is used as a guideline. This value varies between the federal states, in Brandenburg it is 7,000 inhabitants. In individual cases (e.g. in sparsely populated, rural areas) this guide value can also be fallen below. In addition to this key figure, there are other criteria such as equipment, accessibility, load-bearing capacity of the central location and a clearly assignable catchment area . Small towns are often basic centers.
A sub-center provides basic services for residents from the surrounding area. It should have a variety of central facilities for basic needs, for example:
- Library, primary school, secondary school of secondary education , adult learning
- Childcare options
- Sports facilities, sports hall, clubs, youth leisure facilities
- Pharmacy, doctor and dentist offices
- Jobs (subject to social insurance)
- Community or official administration
- Financial services (bank, insurance)
- post Office
- graveyard
- Fire brigade, police inspection
- Retirement home, outpatient care service
- Restaurants
- Connection to the federal or state road network; Public transport, for example train station; Public transport connection to the nearest middle / upper center
- Handicraft and service facilities for basic needs, for example carpenter, hairdresser
- Retail sale of everyday goods, for example supermarkets, petrol stations, butchers. Daily necessities include food and luxury goods, beverages, tobacco products, detergents, cleaning agents, household paper, perfume, drugstore and pharmaceutical goods, newspapers, magazines, cut flowers, pet food and school and office items.
Aperiodic goods and services that go beyond the daily needs are available in the next medium-sized center , e.g. B. a hospital; special offers for specific needs are available in the nearest regional center , e.g. B. a university clinic. According to this theoretical structure, distances to the nearest sub-center are likely to be shorter than the distance to the next main center. Viewed differently, the perimeter of a sub-center is much smaller than the catchment area of a main center.
The terms sub, basic and small center can be used with different definitions. The federal states do not use uniform terminology for their spatial planning.
In the state area development program of the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, for example, the requirements for a basic center are defined as follows:
- Local area supply: Basic centers supply the population in their local area with services for qualified basic needs.
- Supra-regionally significant business locations: The basic centers are to be strengthened as supra-regionally significant business locations and provide jobs for the population in their immediate vicinity.
- Task of regional planning: Basic centers and their immediate areas are to be defined in the regional spatial planning programs.
Web links
- Dirk Wiebel: Christaller's “Theory of Central Places” and its political-administrative instrumentalization (PDF, 1.06 MB) Presentation slide of a main seminar
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b State Development Plan Brandenburg , p. 9.
- ↑ LEP Bavaria , p. 76.
- ↑ Stefan Greiving, Florian Flex (Ed.): Reorganization of the central location concept in North Rhine-Westphalia , p. 6.
- ↑ Klaus Einig: Do central-place-concepts guarantee equal living conditions in terms of services of general interest? . In: Information on spatial development, issue 1.2015, p. 49.
- ↑ Selected definitions of terms and situations in retail analysis . Retrieved October 13, 2019.
- ↑ Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania: State Spatial Development Program (LEP-MV), accessed on December 2, 2015, PDF