Mußbach on the Wine Route

Mußbach on the Wine Route City of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse
Coordinates: 49 ° 22 ′ 9 ″  N , 8 ° 10 ′ 28 ″  E
Height :	140 m above sea level NHN
Area :	14.6 km²
Residents :	4184  (Jan 12, 2012)
Population density :	287 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	7th June 1969
Postal code :	67435
Area code :	06321
Mußbach (red) within the urban area of ​​Neustadt
Landscape in the area of ​​Mußbach

Mußbach that as a wine-producing village named auxiliary contributed since 1935 "on the Wine Route", was established in 1969 as a district in the approximately 3 km southwest location independent city of Neustadt an der Weinstraße ( Rhineland-Palatinate ) incorporated . Since then, the number of inhabitants has increased to over 4,000. This makes Mußbach the third largest district of the city in relation to the number of inhabitants.

geography

location

The wine region west of Mußbach

Mußbach is located in the Vorderpfalz in the vine-covered hill country on the German Wine Route at about 140  m above sea level. NHN . To the east, and especially to the south-east, it gradually spread further into the Rhine plain . The Order Forest extends southeast of the village .

Neighboring places

Neighboring towns in the southwest are the core town of Neustadt, in the west and northwest the Neustadt districts of Gimmeldingen and Königsbach , in the north the city of Deidesheim , in the northeast the local community Meckenheim , in the east the association-free community Haßloch and in the south the district Lachen-Speyerdorf .

climate

The location of the place on the edge of the Vorderpfalz, which is part of the Rhine plain surrounded by low mountain ranges, results in a mild climate. Average annual temperatures are around 10 ° C, 0 ° C in winter and 20 ° C in summer. In the lee of the 554  m high wine region , which belongs to the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest , the average annual precipitation is a maximum of 500 mm; This means that Mußbach is in one of the areas with the lowest rainfall in Germany.

Waters

The Mußbach on the border between Gimmeldingen and the neighboring town

Mußbacher Baggerweiher, in the background the Weinbiet

The place name comes from the 12 km long Mußbach . Coming from the Palatinate Forest, this flows first through Gimmeldingen, then through Mußbach and finally flows 2 km southeast of the residential development from the left into the Rehbach , the northern branch of the Speyerbach .

In the Middle Ages , twelve mills were operated with the water of the Mußbach , the locations of which are now connected by a mill trail . In the 19th and into the second half of the 20th century, the brook was used as a sewer . In the meantime it has been partly exposed and renatured , but partly also piped.

Until the 1960s, the water of the stream, mechanically clarified by pebbles in large concrete basins , was used to fill the Mußbach outdoor pool .

The Mußbacher Baggerweiher extends 1 km east of the residential development in a west-east direction . It is around 500 m long and 150 m wide, its water surface covers 7.5 hectares.

history

middle Ages

Around the year 780 the place was first mentioned as Muosbach in the inventory of the Fulda monastery . The Middle High German expression for the watercourse and then also for the place means something like “mossy brook” in the sense of “swampy”; Because natural watercourses meandered back then and caused a high groundwater level in the area .

In 985 Mußbach was also one of the communities that the Weissenburg Monastery lost to the " Salian church robbery ".

18th and 19th centuries

No passage (1807)

Until the end of the 18th century the place belonged to the Electoral Palatinate . From 1798 to 1814, when the Palatinate was part of the French Republic (until 1804) and then part of the Napoleonic Empire , Musbach was - as the spelling at the time - incorporated into the canton of Neustadt (Donnersberg) and had its own Mairie . In 1815 the place Austria was added. Just one year later, the place, like the entire Palatinate, changed to the Kingdom of Bavaria . From 1817 to 1862 the community belonged to the Landkommissariat Neustadt ; from this the district office of Neustadt emerged.

On a house wall (An der Eselshaut 47) a red sandstone plaque has been preserved, which in 1807, in rhymes and still without standardized spelling, very clearly regulates the right of passage of a resident , who is here called "passage":

“The wall goes to my house
from front to back.
The Dorgzug has no right
to prevent me from laughing.
1807 PIH "

In the word lecht there is no e , no i ; because is was in the local dialect as lächt pronounced and thus rhymed with law . Translated into standard German , the entire inscription reads:

“The wall belongs to my house
from front to back.
The draft has no right that
lies behind me.
1807 PIH "

Formerly the town hall, today the seat of the local administration

Mußbach grew in the 19th century with the western neighboring Gimmeldingen together and had with him a m to 500 common road, which formed an unusual limit: The houses on the north side were as Mußbacher road to Gimmeldingen that on the south side as Gimmeldinger road to Mustbach. The street area lay entirely on the district of Mußbach, which also had to maintain the street. Since both places were incorporated into Neustadt, the common vein has been called Kurpfalzstrasse , but the invisible district boundaries still exist.

20th century

From 1939 Mußbach was part of the district of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse . After the Second World War , the place within the French occupation zone became part of the administrative district of Palatinate in the then newly formed state of Rhineland-Palatinate . As part of the first Rhineland-Palatinate administrative reform , Mußbach was incorporated into the independent city of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse on June 7, 1969.

population

Population development

Today Mußbach is important as a residential suburb of Neustadt. In 1815 it had 1,400 inhabitants, at the time of incorporation in 1969 about 3,500 inhabitants. Due to the expansion of residential development, especially to the south-east, the number gradually rose to over 4,000, in 2008 it had its highest level with 4,255. In June 2011 Mußbach had 4063 inhabitants, in January 2012 4184 inhabitants.

religion

A Jewish community once existed on site , which at the time belonged to the Dürkheim-Frankenthal district rabbinate . On October 22, 1940, all Jews living in Mußbach, with one exception, were deported to southern France as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign ; those who survived the deportation died in the concentration camp in 1942.

politics

Mayor

Dirk Herber ( CDU ) has been the mayor since 2014 . He prevailed against his competitor Roland Ipach ( FWG ) in the local elections in 2014 and 2019 with 60.8% and 59.6% of the vote . In the state elections in Rhineland-Palatinate in 2016 , Herber won the direct mandate for constituency 42 (Neustadt an der Weinstrasse) .

Local advisory board

The party-political seat distribution in the local advisory council, unchanged since 2004, was postponed by one mandate in the local elections on May 26, 2019 : The CDU is still the strongest party with six seats, followed by the FWG, which has five seats. The SPD still has two seats, and the Greens now also have two. For more information see the results of the local elections in Neustadt an der Weinstrasse .

coat of arms

	Blazon : "Split, roughened on the right by silver and blue, on the left in black a left-facing red armored, tongued and crowned golden lion."
	Justification of the coat of arms: The two motifs contained in the coat of arms refer to the membership of the Electoral Palatinate, which existed until 1798 .

Sights and culture

Buildings

Cultural monuments

→ Main article : List of cultural monuments in Mußbach

The Johanniterviertel and the town center are designated as monument zones.

There are also numerous individual monuments, including the following objects:

In the center of the village is the old St. John's Church , built in high Gothic style . Their choir survived a conflagration during the Thirty Years' War when troops of the Spanish General Cordoba devastated the place in 1621 ; the nave burned down and was later rebuilt - a little lower than before. As early as 1689, when French troops ravaged the Palatinate during the War of the Palatinate Succession , the Johanneskirche was again badly damaged by fire; then it was partially restored several times. In 1707 a partition was built between the choir and the nave; the choir was assigned to the Catholics , the ship to the Protestants .

The Catholic part of the church has not been used since a new building of the same name in 1959 and was in great need of renovation over time. The entire church is now owned by the Evangelical Church , which is currently working on a uniform restoration.

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  Northwest part of the manor, behind the old Johanneskirche

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  Herrenhof: baroque mansion

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  New Johanneskirche in its "towerless" time (2004–2015)

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  Inscription stone from 1594 in the cemetery wall

The old Johanneskirche originally belonged to the neighboring manor (An der Eselshaut 18). This represents a spacious estate that once belonged to the Order of St. John, whose Catholic part was later renamed the Order of Malta . The estate can be traced back to the 7th century; This makes the Herrenhof the oldest winery in the Palatinate , which has been in operation without interruption to this day, and possibly also the oldest such operation in all of Germany. With its numerous representative rooms and its huge paved inner courtyard, the excellently restored ensemble serves the city and the district as a backdrop for cultural and festive events and enables large art exhibitions. The Grain Box Wine Museum is located in one of the buildings .

The new tower with the bells "rescued" from a thief in 2015

Since December 2004, the new Johanneskirche , which was built in 1959 as a round building on the south-eastern edge of the extensive Herrenhof area, was missing the originally 30 m high tower. Only 45 years after completion, this had to be demolished because it was dilapidated because the concrete had not withstood the vibrations of the four bells and had become brittle. The tower was rebuilt in 2015 as a 17 m high steel structure and now has two bronze bells. Shortly before they were hung, these had made headlines when they were stolen by two thieves in front of numerous construction workers ; after half a month the bells were found intact.

The White House (Kurpfalzstrasse 77-79) consists of a very large Wilhelminian style main house from 1890 on the eastern edge of a much older castle-like complex, which is grouped around a large paved inner courtyard and goes back to the medieval knight Erhardt von Rammingen . Of him that from a Wuerttemberg noble family originated, tells yet a poorly preserved coat of arms from 1600 to the massive and battlements provided wall .

• 

  White House:
  medieval wing

• 

  White House:
  main building from the Wilhelminian era

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  White House:
  former barn

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  Carl-Theodor-Hof:
  baroque mansion

The Carl-Theodor-Hof (Kurpfalzstrasse 99), built in 1709 in Baroque style , is the last property in the Mußbach district on the border with Gimmeldingen. The complex was only later given the name of the Elector (1724–1799). The main building is an imposing cuboid mansion.

You are already in Gimmeldingen across the street from the White House. There (Kurpfalzstraße 76) is the Estelmann winery, which is also noteworthy in terms of architectural history . Hick , to which the (not historical) name Loblocher Schlössel has been added and in which a wine tavern of this name is also operated.

Other structures

The Eselsburg (Kurpfalzstraße 62) originated from an ancient wine growers house that the artist Fritz Wiedemann (1920-1987) restored in 1964 in three years of work and a wine bar with courtyard has transformed. Wiedemann has installed bizarre stone sculptures everywhere, including on the outer facade . A permanent exhibition shows pictures and sculptures by the artist.

language

In Mußbach the Haardtgebirge variant (52-ACB-dfb) of the Vorderpfälzischen is spoken, which belongs to the Palatinate dialects . The local language has been documented since the 1980s by the Palatinate dialect poet Albert H. Keil, who was born in the town in 1947 and is a multiple literary prize winner and winner of dialect competitions .

Festivals

Because of the close ties with Gimmeldingen, many events are held together with the neighboring town . Festivals originating in Mußbach are:

Donkey skin proof

The six-day donkey skin festival takes place on two weekends in June / July. Launched in the 1970s, it is now one of the major Palatinate wine festivals that have a supraregional charisma. The name comes from the Eselshaut vineyard , and the event site is located within the Herrenhof, which has been operated as a winery for more than 1300 years.

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  Depiction of a donkey at the eastern entrance to the village

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  Medieval fountain in the middle of the manor

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  Historical boundary stones, collected in the manor

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  Boundary stone with coat of arms of the family von Mussbach

Festival at the New Wine

The New Wine Festival has been held at the Weinbiet Manufaktur's press house since the early 1980s . From the beginning of the grape harvest at the end of August, the festival continues with daily opening until the beginning of November. That is why it is jokingly advertised as the "longest wine festival in the world".

More festivals

The Palatinate Sektfest in June takes into account the fact that Palatinate winegrowers have become serious competition for foreign sparkling wines . The Palatinate Organic Wine Festival is also celebrated in June, which , with the increase in ecological awareness among wine producers, is on its way out of its initial niche existence. The Johanneskerwe has the longest festival tradition at the beginning of August.

Sports

Sports facilities

On the south-western outskirts of the village, Mußbach has a large heated outdoor swimming pool to which athletic sports facilities are connected. There is a soccer field in the southeast of the village. In the east of the district, in the middle of the vineyards on Provenceplatz - where there is also a donkey sculpture - there is a small boule alley .

sports clubs

The SG 1946 Mußbach deals primarily with soccer, the TV Mußbach 1860 with athletics. TV Mußbach became known nationwide through the Mußbach Triathlon , which it has organized since the early 1990s and which is part of the Rhein-Neckar Triathlon Cup . The bike course of this competition leads to the highest mountain in the Palatinate Forest, the 673  m high Kalmit .

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture

Vineyards against the backdrop of the wine region

The main branch of agriculture is viticulture , as the favorable climatic conditions enable the production of high quality wines . Accordingly, Mußbach belongs to the Palatinate wine-growing region . The best- known single location is the Mußbacher Eselshaut . The place owes her the donkey as a mascot. Other vineyards in Mußbach are Bischofsweg, Glockenzehnt, Johannitergarten, Kurfürst, Mandelring, Almond Garden, Spiegel and Schlössel . Besides grapes ripen in the open field and almonds , chestnuts , figs and citrus fruits , asparagus is also grown.

Companies

On the premises of the DLR Rheinpfalz: AgroScience GmbH

On the eastern edge of Mußbach, the service center for rural areas of the Rhine Palatinate (DLR Rheinpfalz) has had its headquarters since 1979 , which until 2004 was known as the “State Teaching and Research Institute for Agriculture, Viticulture and Horticulture”. The DLR is the school location for the vocational and technical college in fruit growing and viticulture for the Palatinate, where 681 students were taught in 2014/15. The newly established dual study course in viticulture and oenology in Rhineland-Palatinate has had its campus at DLR since 2009 . In 2015, around 200 students were enrolled here. Other focal points are state advice in viticulture and fruit growing, land development and rural land management, as well as testing. The Wine Research Competence Center at DLR coordinates nationwide research in oenology . RLP AgroScience GmbH also works on the site . The DLR is the largest employer in Mußbach.

The Weinbiet Manufactory is located in the center of Mußbach . It was created in 1968 through the merger of the winegrowers 'association and the winegrowers' cooperative ; the name was changed to Weinbiet Manufaktur in 2018. In addition, VR Bank Mittelhaardt has a local branch. There used to be a madder mill in Mußbach.

tourism

Mußbach is on the German Wine Route , which stretches along the western edge of the Rhine plain, on the German Wine Route cycle path and on the Palatinate Almond Path . In addition to agriculture, tourism has become an important economic factor. Above all, winegrowers also offer rooms, the gastronomy advertises with - partly upscale -  Palatinate cuisine .

traffic

rail

Mußbach is located on the Palatinate Northern Railway , the single-track Neustadt – Bad Dürkheim – Monsheim line, on which local trains run every half hour in both directions (“ Rhineland-Palatinate cycle ”). The train station in the upper village near the "border" to Gimmeldingen supplies this district with; for this reason it was called Mussbach-Gimmeldingen in the first decades of its existence .

Street

The state roads 516 and 519 lead through Mußbach . The through-town passage is identical to the German Wine Route and is formed by a ring of one-way streets that are driven counter-clockwise. The extensive traffic connection is via the Autobahn 65 ; junction 12 Neustadt-Nord leads to Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Karlsruhe . The B 38 connects Mußbach with Neustadt and Meckenheim, the B 271 (first on the A 65 in the direction of Ludwigshafen, then junction 11 Deidesheim ) with Bad Dürkheim . The state road 532 leads to Haßloch. The bus route 514 of the Rhein-Neckar transport association operated by Imfeld Busverkehr connects Mußbach with the Neustadt core town.

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Birthplace of the heart researcher Albert Fraenkel

• Albert von Mußbach († 1277): The cathedral dean in Speyer was the victim of an unsolved murder.
• Daniel Adolf Weber (1730–1794): The son of a Protestant pastor married in Elberfeld, founded a textile factory in what is now the district of Wuppertal and was elected mayor there when he ran for his seventh candidacy.
• Karl August von Beckers zu Westerstetten (1770-1832): The count was a general of the infantry in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
• Albert Fraenkel (1864–1938): The doctor, tuberculosis and heart researcher, who came from a Jewish family, taught as a professor at the University of Heidelberg and was best known for the discovery and development of intravenous strophantine therapy for heart failure. During the time of National Socialism Fraenkel was removed from all of his offices. His birthplace honored him with a street dedication.
• Georg Stuhlfauth (1870–1942): The archaeologist, art expert and church historian worked in Rome and as a professor in Berlin. He conducted research in particular in the areas of Christian iconography and Reformation art.
• Johannes Pfeiffer (1886–1965): The theology professor at the University of Santiago de Chile was born in Mußbach and lived there until he began his studies.
• Otto Sartorius jun. (1892–1977): The oenologist managed the Herrenhof winery for 66 years and made outstanding contributions to the scientific and cultural aspects of viticulture and wine.

Other personalities

• Gustav-Adolf Bähr (1938–2020), who was born in Mutterstadt , made a name for himself through numerous honorary positions, on the one hand as an active layperson for the Evangelical Church and on the other hand as a cultural manager, and received the Federal Cross of Merit and other prestigious awards.
• Johannes Bähr (1902–1980), father of Gustav-Adolf Bähr, was a Protestant pastor in Mußbach for many years. In his previous places of work, he campaigned for those persecuted by the Nazi regime during the Nazi era and was therefore imprisoned for a short time.
• The from Lingenfeld originating Josef Bürckel (1895-1944) was from 1927 elementary school teacher in Mußbach. He became known as the NS Gauleiter and co-organizer of the deportations of Jews as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign of 1940.
• Otto Hoos (1921–2003), SPD politician, was mayor from 1960 to 1969 and from 1963 to 1971 a member of the state parliament of Rhineland-Palatinate.
• Klaus Heinrich Keller (1938–2018), painter, exhibited his paintings in the Herrenhof, among other places.
• Gustav Policella (* 1975), soccer player, played in his youth for SG Mußbach.
• Otto Sartorius sen., Who was born in Darmstadt . (1842–1911) married into the Herrenhof winery and became a member of the German Reichstag. His son was Otto Sartorius jun. ( see above ).
• Erich Stolleis (1906–1986), who was born in the neighboring town of Gimmeldingen, ran the Carl-Theodor-Hof winery and was first mayor of Landau, then mayor of Ludwigshafen, during the Nazi era.
• The legal historian Michael Stolleis (* 1941), son of Erich Stolleis, was born in Ludwigshafen and grew up in Mußbach.
• The artist Fritz Wiedemann (1920–1987) from Gimmeldingen worked as a restaurateur in the Eselsburg and decorated the restored winegrower's house with bizarre stone sculptures.

literature

• Karl Bauer: The rural constitution of the Vorderpfalz . Shown using the example of the wine village of Mussbach and its manor house (=  reprints from the communications of the historical association . Volume 52 ). Historical Association of the Palatinate , Speyer 1954.
• Johannes Lutwitzi: From Mußbach's past . Contributions to promote the love of home. Self-published, Mußbach 1929.
• Otto Sartorius : Mussbach . The story of a wine village. Historical Association of the Palatinate , Speyer 1959.

Web links

Commons : Mußbach an der Weinstrasse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Neustadt-Mußbach district
• Support association Herrenhof Mußbach
• Organizer website : Eselshautfest (program overview , updated only for the holidays)
• Literature about Mußbach an der Weinstrasse in the Rhineland-Palatinate state bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Neustadt in numbers. City of Neustadt, accessed on July 18, 2014 . 
2. ^ German Wine Route . In: NSZ Rheinfront . Ludwigshafen October 21, 1935.
3. ↑ Official municipality directory (= State Statistical Office of Rhineland-Palatinate [Hrsg.]: Statistical volumes . Volume 407 ). Bad Ems February 2016, p. 173 (PDF; 2.8 MB).
4. ↑ Mühlenwanderweg. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Stadt Neustadt, archived from the original on March 30, 2012 ; Retrieved February 15, 2011 . 
5. ↑ Eselsweg, Stabenberg and Almond Blossom. Hiking in the Palatinate, accessed on February 15, 2011 . 
6. ↑ The local history. Fördergemeinschaft Herrenhof, accessed on July 15, 2015 . 
7. ^ Neustadt in numbers. Stadt Neustadt, accessed on August 30, 2008 . 
8. ↑ General data on the Neustadt an der Weinstrasse service district. (No longer available online.) Rhineland-Palatinate police, archived from the original on January 5, 2012 ; Retrieved April 16, 2012 . 
9. ↑ Albert H. Keil: "Nobody came to help [us]." Mußbach and the "brown plague" . In: Marita Hoffmann and Bernhard Kukatzki (eds.): “At dawn on March 18, 1945, there was still dead silence.” At the end of the Second World War in the Palatinate . Special issue (=  Palatinate-Rhenish family history . Volume XVIII ). Issue 8/9. Verlag Llux, Ludwigshafen 2016, ISBN 978-3-938031-72-8 , p. 98-103 ( online ).
10. ↑ Announcement of the results of the municipal elections for the city of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse on May 25, 2014. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: Official Journal of the City of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse. Stadt Neustadt, June 2, 2014, p. 27 , archived from the original on July 28, 2014 ; Retrieved July 17, 2014 . 
11. ↑ Official Journal No. 32-2019. (PDF 5.4 MB) In: Official Gazette of the city of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse. Stadt Neustadt, June 6, 2019, p. 52 , accessed October 19, 2019 . 
12. ↑ Dirk Herber elected to the state parliament! (No longer available online.) CDU Neustadt / Weinstrasse, March 16, 2016, archived from the original on April 23, 2016 ; Retrieved April 11, 2016 . 
13. ^ Karl Heinz Debus: The great book of arms of the Palatinate . Neustadt an der Weinstrasse 1988, ISBN 3-9801574-2-3 .
14. ↑ ^{a b} Otto Sartorius : Mussbach . Speyer 1959.
15. ↑ Anke Herbert: Bells on Mußbacher church are hanging again . In: Die Rheinpfalz , local edition Mittelhaardter Rundschau . Ludwigshafen July 21, 2015 ( online ).
16. ^ David Dalby: The Linguasphere Register of the world's languages ​​and speech communities . Linguasphere Press, Hebron (Wales) 2000, ISBN 978-0-9532919-1-5 , pp. 430 (English).
17. ↑ Jürgen Bich: From the vintage of the bone rapper . Neu-Dirmsteiner Albert H. Keil writes in the dialect of his hometown Neustadt-Mußbach. In: The Rhine Palatinate . Ludwigshafen January 8, 1993.
18. ↑ Literary Awards by Albert H. Keil. Verlag PfalzMundArt, accessed on October 19, 2015 (prices no. 15, Mannheim , and no. 47, district of Südwestpfalz ). 
19. ↑ Literary Awards by Albert H. Keil. Verlag PfalzMundArt, accessed on October 19, 2015 (prices no. 5, 11, 28 and 44).