Branchweiler

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Branchweiler
Branchweilerhof monument zone

Branchweilerhof monument zone

Data
place Neustadt an der Weinstrasse
Client Albert von Mußbach
Construction year from 1275
Coordinates 49 ° 20 '58.7 "  N , 8 ° 9' 46.2"  E Coordinates: 49 ° 20 '58.7 "  N , 8 ° 9' 46.2"  E
Branchweiler (Rhineland-Palatinate)
Branchweiler
Development of the Branchweilerhof core zone (2014)

Development of the Branchweilerhof core zone (2014)

Branchweiler is a district of the Palatinate city ​​of Neustadt an der Weinstrasse ( Rhineland-Palatinate ). Its historical core area with the Branchweilerhof is classified as a monument zone .

Geographical location

The district is - with its center at about 129  m above sea level. NHN - southeast of the city center and south, i.e. to the right of the Speyerbach flowing east to the Rhine . The name goes back to the core zone, a former manor that was operated there for centuries and formed a hamlet with surrounding buildings . This core zone is now enclosed by Branchweilerhofstrasse in the north, Adolf-Kolping-Strasse in the east and Stettiner Strasse in the south and west. The street that opens up the core zone from Adolf-Kolping-Straße is called Branchweilerhof like this one .

The Ordenswald begins northeast of Branchweiler and spreads eastwards between Speyerbach and Rehbach . At the eastern border of the residential area, surface water and , if the level is high, also groundwater , collects at 127  m in the Bürgergraben , which flows into the Speyerbach after about 1.5 km at 122  m from the right.

history

Beginnings

The first documentary evidence of Branchweiler, then called “Brunchwilre”, dates back to 1190; in a document from 1225, the homestead is recorded as "Branchvillare". The name “hamlet” suggests that even then the actual courtyard was surrounded by other buildings. In modern times, up until the 1980s, the name of the Branchweilerhof core zone was used as a synonym for the entire city district; It was not until the end of the 20th century that the site began to revert to the original name, which was also in use during the time of the Bavarian administration of the Palatinate.

hospital

With the consent of Count Palatine Ludwig the Strict , the Speyer cathedral dean Albert von Mußbach (murdered 1277) had a hospital built on his allod near today's Branchweilerhof for the still young Neustadt. At that time, endangered by epidemics , efforts were made to build such houses as far away as possible from larger settlements. Count Palatine Johann Casimir left the usufruct of the Branchweilerhof to the Neustadt University Casimirianum in 1578 ; The Casimirianum had to pay 11 loads of wine and 300  Malter grain from the farm yield  .

In 1597 the large central building with the tower was rebuilt on the old foundations of the courtyard. The stair tower from 1598 with the Renaissance portal , which is 2.5 m high and 1 m wide, is profiled with round bars that intersect at the corners. The portal has a top with a large shell and rosettes. A renaissance aedicule with two columns made of red sandstone , which are badly damaged, is walled in above it . The following Latin inscription was found here, relating to Elector Friedrich IV (1574–1610):

“Fridericus IIII DG com. pal. reni utri. Bavar. dux sac. rom. imp. archidapifer elect. sept. "

The inscription reads in German translation:

"Friedrich IV., By the grace of God Count Palatine on both sides of the Rhine , Duke of Bavaria , the Holy Roman Empire's seventh arch truchsess and elector "

Mennonites

In 1671, Mennonites expelled from Switzerland settled here as "temporal estates", ie as tenants , and formed a Mennonite community. There were initially three families with their children: Fritz Dester and his wife Elisabetha, Jakob Weber and his wife Barbara as well as Daniel Stauffer and his wife Anna. They worked the surrounding lands, some of which were deserted by the Thirty Years' War . After eleven years, the settlers were able to take over the Branchweilerhof as a "hereditary" lease . The inheritance letter of September 28, 1682 was issued by Elector Charles II . In 1732 the parish had grown to 25 families.

The Mennonites were accused for the first time in 1740 and occasionally later for holding "secret meetings". However, the Jesuits in Neustadt, who owned the estate from 1700 to 1773, gave them positive reports, praising their agricultural zeal and only mildly distancing themselves from their religious customs.

The Mennonite community in Branchweilerhof, which owns the 1275 and also listed chapel of St. Maria in the east of the core zone, continues to exist after more than three centuries. The descendants of the Lichti settler family maintain a genealogical database that contains more than 20,000 people.

Incorporation

Branchweiler, which formed a political municipality with the neighboring wine-growing village of Winzingen in the 19th century, was incorporated into Neustadt in 1892 together with Winzingen. Branchweiler then grew together with the city. Later, the district was temporarily called "Neustadt-Ost" in official German; however, the popular name has survived this designation.

"Social City" project

In the 1970s, blocks of houses were built on Neusatzstrasse and Allensteiner Strasse to serve as residential quarters for middle to simple bourgeois classes. The pressure to improve their quality of living increased in the period that followed, especially when - after the fall of the Berlin Wall - more and more immigrants from Eastern European countries moved in towards the end of the 20th century . That is why Neustadt was included in 2006 with the Neustadt-Branchweiler program area in the long-term federal-state program “ Socially Integrative City ”; The aim of the local project is to upgrade the district.

Attractions

The Haidmühle (also: Heidmühle) directly northeast of Branchweiler

In addition to the core zone with courtyard, hospital building and chapel , two factories, which were built in 1894 and 1911, are protected as cultural monuments . Also worth seeing is the Haidmühle , which is located directly northeast of the district on the other side of the Speyerbach at an altitude of 127  m and is also spelled Heidmühle . The mill operation was stopped in the early 1970s.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d News index of cultural monuments. (1355 kB; PDF) Neustadt an der Weinstrasse. General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate , April 2, 2015, p. 3 f. , accessed July 13, 2015 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f The Branchweilerhof. lichti.com, accessed on November 26, 2014 (menu bar on the left).
  3. ↑ a b List of the municipalities of the Rhine district 1824: with details of the individual houses, farms and mills belonging to them. bavarica.digitale-sammlungen.de, accessed on June 29, 2014 .
  4. ↑ Konrad von Busch and Franz Xaver Glasschröder : choir rules and younger sea book of the old Speyer cathedral chapter . Ed .: Historical Association of the Palatinate. Speyer 1923, p. 263, footnote 4 .
  5. ^ Mennonite community Branchweilerhof. (No longer available online.) Association of German Mennonite Congregations, archived from the original on July 13, 2015 ; Retrieved July 12, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mennonitisch.de
  6. ^ Genealogical database. lichti.com, accessed November 26, 2014 .