Malter (unit)

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The Malter (also Malder , abbreviation mltr. ) Was a German and Swiss volume measure for bulk goods . It was used for grain , legumes , coal , peat, and wood. It was mainly used as a grain measure, but was also a measure of firewood in the county of Blankenburg . Here it was ½  fathoms per 1 painter, that is 43⅓ Paris cubic feet and, in decimal terms, 1.5  cubic meters of firewood.

A painter was 109.387 liters in Mainz , in Wiesbaden the Nassauer painter was exactly 1  hectolitre .

Charcoal

The coal basket was not heaped and was 13 ¾ cubic feet, which corresponds to 0.37639 cubic meters or 1.161705 coal baskets (new dimension). Two charcoal baskets were also referred to as charcoal painters . Coal malt was a Swiss measure of volume primarily for charcoal.

Hard coal

The older painter for coal was 11 ¼ cubic feet and was replaced by a weight measure.

Peat measure

The peat basket had a heaped volume of 6 cubic feet, which was 0.16424 cubic meters or 1.013852 peat baskets of recent dimensions.

  • 1 fathom = 2 Malter Torfkörbe = 12 = 72 cubic feet (errechn. Rounded) = 1.97 cubic meters
  • 1 peat malt = 0.985 cubic meters

Grain measure

It was different with the grain size: It was very different in every region or city. The sequence (chain of dimensions) of the smaller dimensions in which the painting could be divided was very inconsistent. Mühlhausen and Münden are used as an example . The former had 4 bushels or 16  Metzen per Malter  , Münden six bushels. In today's Lippe and East Westphalia , a painter was three bushels, in Gotha only two bushels. The old painter from Nuremberg had 16  meatballs or 32  diet heaps , which were 128 measures; that corresponded to 167.1  liters . In the Principality of Osnabrück there were 12 bushels of 1 Malter and one bushel of 1179 m².

The painter already had different sizes in every village and there were different sizes and types of painters. The measure was also determined by the type of grain, and accordingly it was used heaped or discarded. There was the oat malt for smooth or rough fruit, etc. In Stein am Rhein in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland 1 malt was smooth fruit = 130 1/6 liter and the malt for rough fruit was 300 liters. In Nuremberg there were two Malter grains or peas 1  Simra , with barley and oats there were four Malter per Simra.

Wood measure

Malter was also a measure of volume for wood. The measure in the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen , subordinate rule Sondershausen, was counted among the forest body measures .

  • 1 Malter = 64 cubic plant feet = 1.523 cubic meters

literature

  • Joseph Meyer : The great conversation lexicon for the educated classes. 2. Dept. Volume 15, Bibliographical Institute, Hildburghausen / Amsterdam / Paris / Philadelphia 1852, p. 1084.
  • Christian Noback , Friedrich Noback : Complete paperback of the coin, measure and weight ratios, the government papers, the exchange and banking system and the customs of all countries and trading venues. Volume 1, FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1850 p. 1523.
  • August Blind: Measures, coins and weights , Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Leipzig 1923.
  • Johann Friedrich Krüger : Complete manual of the coins, measures and weights of all countries in the world . Gottfried Basse publishing house, Quedlinburg / Leipzig 1830.
  • JM Knell: Theoretical-practical arithmetic book using the shortest and easiest methods . Self-published, Landau in the Palatinate 1845.
  • CLW Aldefeld: The dimensions and weights of the German customs union states and many other countries and trading centers in their mutual relationships . JG Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1838.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ City history of Radeberg
  2. ↑ Leopold Carl Bleibtreu : Handbook of coin, measure and weight, and the bill of exchange, government paper, banking and shares in European and non-European countries and cities. Published by J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart 1863, p. 532.
  3. ↑ Leopold Carl Bleibtreu : Handbook of coin, measure and weight, and the bill of exchange, government paper, banking and shares in European and non-European countries and cities. Published by J. Engelhorn, Stuttgart 1863, p. 542.
  4. ↑ Otto Pölert: Deserts - a farm and settlement history. P. 26.
  5. ↑ Agrarian Constitution Osnabrück . 1959.
  6. ↑ Christian Noback, Friedrich Noback: Complete paperback of the coin, measure and weight ratios, government papers, bills of exchange and banking and the customs of all countries and trading venues. 2nd department, Petersburg - Zwoll, FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1851, p. 1131.
  7. ^ Meyer: The large conversation lexicon for the educated classes. Department 2: O to Z, Volume 8, Bibliographical Institute, Hildburghausen / Amsterdam / Paris / Philadelphia 1851, p. 174.