Deidesheim Castle
| Deidesheim Castle | ||
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 Town houses were built on the remains of the baroque castle in the early 19th century |
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| Creation time : | The moated castle was probably built in the 13th century; it was partly built over with a castle from 1739–1746 | |
| Conservation status: | partially restored | |
| Place: | Deidesheim | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 24 '31.3 " N , 8 ° 11' 20.1" E | |
| Height: | 120 m above sea level NHN | |
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The former castle in Deidesheim in Rhineland-Palatinate emerged from a moated castle , which was probably built in the 13th century, parts of which were built over with a baroque palace complex after being destroyed in 1689 during the War of the Palatinate Succession . Here was once the seat of the prince-bishop's administration of Deidesheim and the prince-bishops resided here when they were in town. Citizens' taxes were stored in the cellars and barns.
Some parts of the medieval fortifications are still preserved today, but little that is visible of the baroque castle building; After devastation in the course of the First Coalition War , town houses were built on the remains of the castle at the beginning of the 19th century . Despite the destruction and structural changes over time, the castle is still recognizable as a closed structure and documents the importance of Deidesheim as an official town.
location
The facility is located in the center of Deidesheim and is part of the historic city center ; It is only a few meters from here to the market square. The area of the medieval castle is enclosed by Johannes-Mungenast-Weg, Bahnhofstraße, Burggasse and Prinz-Rupprecht-Straße, with Schloßstraße running right through it. The Dienheimer Hof is located between the moat and the market square ; the outer bailey used to be here .
history
Creation of the castle
One can only speculate about the exact time and circumstances of the castle's construction. Presumably, it was built in the middle of the 13th century as a result of disputes between the Hohenstaufen and the anti-king Wilhelm of Holland . At that time Deidesheim belonged to the Speyer Monastery and the Speyer prince-bishop was Deidesheim's sovereign. Heinrich von Leiningen , Bishop of Speyer and as Chancellor in the service of Wilhelm von Holland, thwarted the efforts of the Counts of Eberstein to win his brother Emich over to the Hohenstaufen in the summer of 1250 . The Hohenstaufen King Konrad IV took revenge for this by burning down the possessions of the Speyer bishop near Deidesheim in August 1250. The population was exposed to this armed confrontation without protection, because the next Speyer fortresses - the Kästenburg above Hambach and the Spangenberg Castle in the Elmsteiner Valley - were too far away to offer refuge. The nearby Heidenlöcher , a refugee castle , could no longer fulfill this task, as it was probably 400 years old at that time. This experience could have given the impetus to the construction of the castle; Structural studies of the castle support this thesis.
middle Ages
The castle was mentioned indirectly for the first time in 1292, when the Speyer bishop Friedrich von Bolanden and Friedrich III. from the Leininger family met here and agreed to keep peace. The document mentions castle men (castrenses) - on the Deidesheim side, the knights Berthold von Schifferstadt and Eberhard Schnittlauch; Castle people assume the existence of a castle. This gained in importance in the High Middle Ages, which is not only supported by the meeting between the Speyer bishop and the Count of Leiningen, but also by Friedrich von Bolanden's successor, Bishop Sigibodo II of Lichtenberg , who announced his electoral surrender to the Speyer cathedral chapter here in 1302 . From 1360 Deidesheim was fortified and the castle was integrated into the fortification in the northeast . From 1430 to 1439 and again from 1465 to 1472, the Speyer bishops pledged the castle to the Lords of Handschuhsheim . In 1478 extensive construction work took place, the fortifications were strengthened, the moat was widened and a large office building was built in the western part of the castle.
Modern times
During the Peasants 'War the castle was plundered by rebellious farmers from Wachenheim in 1525 and suffered serious damage again in the Thirty Years' War , in which Deidesheim was conquered several times by the two conflicting parties. After it was subsequently restored, it was cremated by French troops in the Palatinate War of Succession in 1689 , as was the rest of the city. Then they began to rebuild the southwestern part and the castle bridge. From 1739, the Speyer bishop Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim had a baroque palace built in the eastern part of the castle; the builder Johann Balthasar Neumann was - apparently in an advisory capacity - on site in Deidesheim in 1740. The plans for the palace construction came from the prince-bishop's master builder Johann Georg Stahl , a student of Neumann. Work on the castle was finished in 1746; It can no longer be determined today whether Stahl's plans were fully implemented.
At the same time as the castle was being built, the Speyer prince-bishop Franz Christoph von Hutten zum Stolzenberg bought the neighboring Dienheimer Hof , the former outer bailey , and had a representative office house built here. The officials and parts of the administrative apparatus now had their official seat there, the official cellar remained in the castle. The castle was devastated during the coalition wars. The run-down building initially served the Deidesheim citizens as a cheap quarry and was auctioned off as a national property in 1804 ; it went, including the moats, to Heinrich Görg, who had the castle ruins built over with town houses for his sons Johann Baptist and Friedrich Ignaz (Schloßstraße 4, 6 and 6a), which have been preserved to this day. Heinrich Görg's third son Johann Adam had another building built next to it around 1830 (Schloßstraße 2).
Today the Kern family is the owner of the house at Schloßstraße 4 as well as part of the castle garden and runs a restaurant here; the wine-growing business has meanwhile been stopped. Heinrich Görg, who took over the castle ruins after the auction, was an ancestor of the current owners in the maternal line. The building with the address Schloßstraße 6 used to be the Bried winery, today the "Schlossmanufaktur" is located here (artist studio and gallery); the part of the building with address 6a is now a residential unit. In the building with the address Schloßstraße 2 there used to be the Ferdinand Kimmich winery; today there is a dental practice here.
investment
Building description
The medieval castle was a two-part structure surrounded by a moat . The western part of the castle - it was called "Viehhof" - housed farm buildings, apartments for the castle servants, as well as the office building , which was completely destroyed in the course of the Palatinate War of Succession . The cattle yard was separated from the city by the moat and could be entered via a bridge. At the western end of the cattle yard, a flanking tower with humpback blocks and a keyhole notch has been preserved, which is the inspiration for the tower scribes and functions as their symbolic residence. A long, barrel-vaulted cellar of a baroque stable has also been preserved in the northeast of the western part of the castle, but the buildings in this part have all been removed. Today there are modern houses in the area of the cattle yard.
The actual core or main castle used to be the seat of the bailiffs and later the bailiff. It was east of today's Schlossstrasse. It was only accessible from the western part of the castle, the cattle yard, via a wooden bridge (which was replaced by a stone bridge in 1765) and separated from it by a moat. This ditch inside the castle, which separated the cattle yard and the main castle, is now filled in and is no longer recognizable; it is overbuilt by the houses with the addresses Schloßstraße 2, 8 and 8a. The main castle was surrounded by a kennel and reinforced with three flanking towers, of which the northwestern one has completely disappeared, of the northeastern one only a stump remains. The south-eastern one is best preserved; two keyhole slits have survived to this day. Probably stood where the bridge from the stockyard reached the main castle, the dungeon , also disappeared. It was still there in 1730 and served as a gate tower .
After the destruction in the Palatinate War of Succession , the area of the core castle was built over with a castle . It was a building of four two-story wings grouped around a rectangular courtyard, as well as the remainder of the medieval keep that made up the gate structure. After the destruction as a result of the coalition wars , the castle ruins were built over with town houses; only a building research study could clarify the extent to which parts of the former baroque complex still exist in today's building stock. The building ensemble that now stands in place of the baroque palace - the buildings with the addresses Schloßstraße 2, 4, 6 and 6a - is classified as a cultural monument today, like the remains of the medieval castle or the baroque palace .
The double property with the addresses Schloßstraße 4, 6 and 6a, built between 1808 and 1820, consists of two mirror-symmetrical residential buildings. The south-eastern part of the building is provided with a half-hip roof , gables and an open space . The main wing of the castle used to be here. Economic wings were created instead of the side wings of the castle; they have a basement with barrel-vaulted rooms. On the south side of No. 4 is a sundial marked with the year 1817. The right-angled inner courtyard of this double property is divided by a wall. The property with the address Schloßstraße 2 is a two-storey three - sided courtyard with a crooked hip roof, built around 1830. The main façade towards the southwest, towards the moat, has classicistic characteristics - a central risalit , as well as thermal bath windows in the triangular gable; the cornice rests on consoles .
Schlossstrasse 2
Schlossstrasse 4 and 6 around 1870; the gables and the open space were not added until around 1890
Schloßstraße 4 and 6 around 1900, in front of that the walls of the castle and the stump of the northeast tower
Schloßstraße 4 today, view from the east from the castle park
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The cellars and parts of the fortifications are still preserved from the medieval buildings: the north, east and south sides of the main castle's kennel; Of the flanking towers here a stump has been preserved in the northeast, in the tower in the southeast at a slightly higher height; the flanking tower in the southwest of the cattle yard is best preserved; this in particular was restored during renovation work in 1974/75. The west and south walls of the cattle yard have also been preserved. The stone castle bridge with its three low, basket-arched arcades has been preserved from the time of the baroque reconstruction .
The southwest flanking tower of the cattle yard with keyhole notch
Flanking tower of the castle, behind to the left a tower of the city fortifications; both no longer have their original roofs
The castle bridge is one of the few visible remains of building activity in the Baroque era
Castle moat
The moats around the castle have probably been around since it was built. After this was integrated into the local fortifications, the north and east part of the moat was also part of the city moat . The remaining part was temporarily used for fish farming. Before the construction of the castle began, the water was allowed to flow out of the trenches in the presence of the Speyer prince-bishop Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim at the end of October 1739, whereby a lot of carp and crucian carp were caught, some of which were sold and some to the Bruchsaler Hof were given up. Although the walls of the trenches were renewed in some places, the water was no longer dammed.
In 1804 the castle and the moats were auctioned off to Heinrich Görg as a national property. Later three families shared the southern and western part of the moat; this part was then bought or leased by the city of Deidesheim, which had the facility redesigned. It was redesigned into a park in 1973, mainly through voluntary work by Deidesheim citizens, and inaugurated in 1976 in the presence of the Rhineland-Palatinate Minister Otto Meyer . The south-eastern part of the former moat is still private property today. The “adventure garden” of the city of Deidesheim is located in the northeastern part, a relaxation and adventure area with around 20 play and adventure stations.
The western, southern and eastern section of the moat is still essentially recognizable as such, whereas the northern part of the moat, like the one that used to separate the western part of the castle, the "Viehhof", from the main castle, is now filled in and built over.
See also
- List of castles, fortresses and palaces in Rhineland-Palatinate
- List of castles and palaces in the Speyer Monastery
literature
- Jürgen Keddigkeit , Alexander Thon , Karl Scherer, Rolf Übel , Ulrich Burkhart: Palatinate Burgenlexikon . Ed .: Jürgen Keddigkeit. 3. Edition. Volume I, A-E. Institute for Palatinate History and Folklore, Kaiserslautern 2007, ISBN 978-3-927754-61-4 , p. 368-374 .
- Kurt Andermann : Outlines of a history of Deidesheim during the late Middle Ages and the early modern period . In: Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel (Ed.): Deidesheim - Contributions to the history and culture of a city in the wine country . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0418-4 , p. 84-87 .
- Markus Weis: Art and architecture in Deidesheim . In: Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel (Ed.): Deidesheim - Contributions to the history and culture of a city in the wine country . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0418-4 , p. 177-178 .
- Georg Peter Karn, Rolf Mertzenich: Bad Dürkheim district. City of Bad Dürkheim, municipality of Haßloch, municipalities of Deidesheim, Lambrecht, Wachenheim (= cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995, ISBN 3-88462-119-X , p. 144-147 .
- Berthold Schnabel : The history of the castle moats . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung (Hrsg.): Heimatblätter Deidesheim und Umgebung . No. 13 , 1974, p. 2-7 .
- Berthold Schnabel: Art historical guide through the Deidesheim association . Deidesheim 1976, p. 28 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Arnold Siben : Old Deidesheimer Adelshöfe. The Dienheimer Hof. In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 10 , 1993, p. 13 . ( OCLC 180569679 )
- ↑ history. Restaurant Schloss Deidesheim, accessed on April 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Forler: institutions and industry in Deidesheim - then and now . In: Heimatfreunde Deidesheim und Umgebung e. V. (Ed.): Deidesheimer Heimatblätter. Contributions to the history of the former prince-bishop's office in Speyer and today's Deidesheim association . No. 21 , 2011, p. 26 .
- ↑ Legend based on Berthold Schnabel in: The history of the castle trenches, Heimatblätter Deidesheim und Umgebung, No. 13, 1974, page 7
- ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 20 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
- ↑ Stefan Gillich : Dare yourself - find your own way. Memories. Deidesheim 2008, 35 years of local government and tourism policy - Dr. Heinz Schmitt , 1973-2007, p. 145 .