Historic city center (Deidesheim)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Deidesheim's floor plan from 1818. You can see the town fortifications and the rough structure of the place as it has developed since the settlement was first established and has been preserved in almost exactly the same way today.

The historic town center of the Palatinate country town Deidesheim covers the area of ​​the medieval town area that was previously enclosed by the Deidesheim town fortifications . The city center has been designated a monument zone according to the State of Rhineland-Palatinate's Monument Protection Act since 1991 and is one of the most important cultural monuments in the Bad Dürkheim district due to the diversity and quality of the building stock .

Development, structure and building stock

The settlement of today's Deidesheim is probably in the 9th / 10th. Century, and the market place, the church and the town hall formed the original core of the place. Settlement took place initially - as is typical for a one-street village - along today's wine route . From here the settlement then spread to the west. Heumarktstraße is probably the oldest street in this second development section. In the northeast of the center was in the 12./13. The prince-bishop's castle in Speyer was built in the 19th century , in the immediate vicinity of which there was no settlement activity, but to the east only directly along today's wine route. The construction of the city fortifications, including the castle, began in 1360, and the construction of the settlements did not extend beyond the city wall until around 1818, as the floor plan of the city from 1818 shows. With the exception of Wassergasse, which was laid out in 1868, and Schloßstraße, the network of streets and alleys at that time was identical to that of today's city center. Essentially, the rough structure of the city center has remained unchanged since at least the beginning of the 19th century.

Also as far as the fine structure of the town center is concerned, its subdivision is almost exactly the same as it was at the beginning of the 19th century. This can be seen from a comparison with a land register sheet from 1830, which is available in the Bad Dürkheim land registry office. There are larger properties on Pfarrgasse, the northwestern and central Heumarktstrasse, to the north of Weedgasse, and on the southern and southwestern Weinstrasse, with garden and courtyard areas not yet built in. These areas used to be common land that were kept free in order to be able to supply the population in the event of a siege of the city. They were later integrated into the larger properties of the town. The houses of these larger property are in their majority traufständig oriented. In contrast, there are the small-scale parceled out residential areas of the lower social classes, for example in the southwestern part of Heumarktstrasse and Weedgasse, whose houses are mostly facing towards the gable.

In the monument zone there are many listed individual objects that are not only located along the Wine Route, but are spread over the entire area of ​​the medieval town center. Because of the massive destruction that Deidesheim had to experience as a result of wars - especially as a result of the Palatinate War of Succession and the Coalition Wars - the majority of these objects date from the middle of the 18th century and its second half, when Deidesheim experienced an economic boom also from the 19th century - this includes, for example, elegant classical buildings ( Julius Ferdinand Kimich winery , Dienheimer Hof ). There are also buildings from the 12th / 13th centuries here. Century and those that have been built since the 15th century. The keystones marked with the years of numerous - also classified as individual monuments - gate drives in the city center of Deidesheim bear witness to how often Deidesheim had to be rebuilt after war destruction and how long the reconstruction took.

  • Gate system, 1715

  • Gate ride, 1748

  • Gate ride, 1763

  • Gate ride, 1792

See also

literature

  • Georg Peter Karn, Rolf Mertzenich: Bad Dürkheim district. City of Bad Dürkheim, municipality of Haßloch, municipalities of Deidesheim, Lambrecht, Wachenheim (=  cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995, ISBN 3-88462-119-X , p. 140-142 .
  • Rolf Mertzenich: A town plan from 1818 - The medieval town development of Deidesheim . In: Bad Dürkheim district (Hrsg.): Heimat-Jahrbuch 1992 . Print shop u. Verlag Englram, Haßloch / Pfalz 1991, ISBN 3-926775-08-4 , p. 108-113 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Schmitt : billy goat, wine and state visits - Deidesheim in the last 150 years . Ed .: City of Deidesheim. Verlag Pfälzer Kunst, Landau in der Pfalz 2000, ISBN 3-922580-82-3 , p. 66 .
  2. ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 20 (PDF; 5.1 MB; see: Town center Bahnhofstrasse, Bennstrasse, Bleichstrasse, Grottenmauergasse, Heumarktstrasse, Johannes-Mungenast-Strasse, Kerschauerhof, Kirchgasse, Kirschgartenstrasse, Königsgarten, Marktplatz, Pfarrgasse, Prinz-Ruprecht-Strasse , Schlossstrasse, Spitalgasse, Stadtmauergasse, Wassergasse, Weedstrasse, Weinstrasse (monument zone) ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Karn, Mertzenich: Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate .
  4. ↑ a b c Mertzenich: A city plan from 1818.

Coordinates: 49 ° 24 ′ 26.28 "  N , 8 ° 11 ′ 10.3"  E