St. Ulrich (Deidesheim)
 View from the northeast |
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| Basic data | |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| place | Deidesheim, Germany |
| diocese | Diocese of Speyer |
| Patronage | Ulrich von Augsburg , Sebastian |
| Building history | |
| construction time | 1444-1473 |
| Building description | |
| Architectural style | Late Gothic |
| Construction type | basilica |
| 49 ° 24 '28.7 " N , 8 ° 11' 13" E | |
The Catholic Church of St. Ulrich in the Rhineland-Palatinate country town of Deidesheim is a late Gothic three-nave pillar basilica that was built between 1444 and 1473 and consecrated to St. Ulrich of Augsburg . It is listed as an individual monument in the list of monuments of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany counts it among the most important late Gothic buildings in the Palatinate .
Location and surroundings
The Ulrichskirche has the address Kirchgasse 1 and is located in the historic town center of Deidesheim on the market square, directly on the German Wine Route . Neighboring buildings include the historic town hall , the primary school and the Hotel Deidesheimer Hof . The monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany highlights the "effective urban planning" of the Ulrichskirche as a special feature.
Around the church was the town's cemetery from the 15th to the 18th centuries; From this some gravestones are still preserved on the south aisle, as well as the cemetery cross and the ossuary , which is considered the only preserved ossuary in the Palatinate .
Building history
Previous construction
At the beginning of the 14th century, when Deidesheim was still a branch of the parish of the neighboring village of Niederkirchen , a Marienkapelle was built on the site of today's Ulrichskirche, which was first mentioned in 1362. During the construction work for the new sacristy of the Ulrichskirche, foundations of the Marienkapelle were found in 1984; However, they did not provide any information about the floor plan of the building, so that little is known about its structural shape. Presumably the stone built in the building of the Ulrichskirche , which reveal the profile of the former vault ribs , comes from the former Marienkapelle. It can therefore be assumed that the Marienkapelle was at least partially vaulted and, despite the name chapel, was a building of a certain standard. When the chapel could no longer meet the demands of the growing community, the decision was made to build a new one in the middle of the 15th century.
Ulrich Church
It is difficult to give precise information about the start of construction and the construction time, as there are only two construction reports: in 1473 a certain Jorge Leydendecker from Mainz quarreled with the master builder and the church jury from Deidesheim about the construction costs incurred in covering the church roof, and in 1480 allowed the Speyer vicar general Jacob Pfauwe von Riebper to collect the Deidesheimers in the whole diocese of Speyer for the missing equipment of the church.
A few more clues can be obtained from building inscriptions. At the southern side entrance there is the year 1444, on the eastern side pillar of the southern side aisle the year 1462, and on the second choir buttress on the south side 1473. On the southern arch of the church tower is the coat of arms of Johannes II. Nix von Hoheneck , Bishop of Speyer , with the date 1464. These dates suggest a main construction period of 13 years, between 1460 and 1473.
Knight Georg von Bach , who was the owner of the episcopal castle fief at Deidesheim, is named as the founder of the church . His family coat of arms also adorns the front vault keystone of the main nave, his grave slab was found again in 1963 and is now on the southern outer wall.
architecture
The Ulrichskirche is a cross-vaulted pillar basilica, the choir, strongly drawn in, slightly exceeding the width of the central nave. The steeple joins in the central axis of the nave to the west by the longhouse at; the sacristy is on the north side of the church. On the east side of the south aisle is a small, open Mount of Olives chapel that was added later.
The nave of the church consists of three naves with five bays each . The belt and diagonal arches of the vault arise from powerful round services . The shield-shaped vault keystones show various family coats of arms in relief. The ogival arcades of the central nave have powerful columns that stand on eight-sided plinths.
The choir of the Ulrichskirche is a little higher than the nave; the central axis of the choir is moved a little to the south compared to the central axis of the nave, but lies in the same direction as this. The choir consists of two cross-vaulted yokes and an end with a cap vault . The eastern keystone is painted with a Lamb of God and is round. The two western keystones, however, are shield-shaped; they are with the arms of Hochstift Speyer and the coat of arms of Speyer Bishop Matthias of ramming decorated. The pointed choir arch is made of light sandstone and jumps in a little. A shield with the coat of arms of the Hochstift Speyer is placed in front of the top of the arch. The window in the choir head is in three parts, all the others are in two parts; their tracery is limited to fish bladders and three-passes .
The church tower in the west is 62.70 m high. Its octagonal spire spire, covered with slate, is inclined about 25 cm to the west, so that the tower can be perceived as crooked with the naked eye. The tower is a red sandstone block construction; it has a square floor plan and four storeys. The first floor of the tower is a porch with three ogival openings; the one to the west is the entrance to the church and above the one to the south is a relief coat of arms of the Speyer bishop Johannes II. Nix von Hoheneck . The portal vestibule itself is spanned by a simple ribbed vault.
At the head of the choir, on a Renaissance pedestal marked with the year 1618, stands a sandstone figure of Our Lady ascending into the sky. It used to stand at the “Wormser Tor” of the city fortifications , which was demolished around 1820.
Epitaphs on the outer wall
The tombstone of the Jesuit, Mexico missionary and university professor Ignaz Windisch (1736–1783) has been preserved on the outer south wall . After the dissolution of his order he worked as pastor of Deidesheim. On the outer west wall are the artistically valuable epitaphs of the Speyer bishop Wilhelm von Löwenstein († 1579) and the nobles Wolf Leyser von Lambsheim (1547–1587), as well as Johann Ernst Leyser von Lambsheim (1657–1746).
Three epitaphs on the side portal of the church
Epitaph for Wolf Leyser von Lambsheim († 1587)
Indefinite epitaph
Epitaph for Wilhelm von Löwenstein († 1579)
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Four epitaphs on the south wall of the church
Epitaph for Father Windisch (1736–1783)
Epitaph, dated 1759
Indefinite epitaph
Epitaph for Philip Seelmann (1740–1784)
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organ
The organ of St. Ulrich was built in 1995 by the organ building workshop Gerhard Kuhn (Esthal, Pfalz). The purely mechanical instrument has 25 stops on two manuals and a pedal . It is located in a neo-Gothic organ case .
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- Coupling : I / II, I / P, II / P
Bells
Since 1996 the ringing of the Ulrichskirche has consisted of six bells . This ringing is based on a C sharp minor tone scale. In addition to the Ulrichs bell, which was supplemented by the Karlsruhe bell foundry in 1996, the five remaining bells were cast by Hermann Hamm in 1952 in Frankenthal. The full bell only sounds on high festivals, on special occasions and to ring in Sunday, every Saturday from 6:15 p.m. for a quarter of an hour.
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No. |
Surname |
Chime |
Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
Weight (kg, approx.) |
| 1 | St. Urban | cis 1 | 1952 | Hermann Hamm, Frankenthal | 1,700 |
| 2 | Ortisei | dis 1 | 1996 | Karlsruhe bell and art foundry | 1,260 |
| 3 | Christ the King | e 1 | 1952 | Hermann Hamm, Frankenthal | 1,000 |
| 4th | St. Michael | f sharp 1 | 700 | ||
| 5 | St. John | g sharp 1 | 525 | ||
| 6th | St. Mary | h 1 | 300 |
literature
- Georg Peter Karn, Rolf Mertzenich: Bad Dürkheim district. City of Bad Dürkheim, municipality of Haßloch, municipalities of Deidesheim, Lambrecht, Wachenheim (= cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995, ISBN 3-88462-119-X , p. 148-149 .
- Catholic parish of St. Ulrich (Ed.): Parish church of St. Ulrich Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1987.
- Kath Pfarramt (Ed.): 500 years Parish Church Deidesheim . Deidesheim 1964.
- Markus Weis: Art and architecture in Deidesheim . In: Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel (Ed.): Deidesheim - Contributions to the history and culture of a city in the wine country . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995, ISBN 3-7995-0418-4 , p. 166-175 .
- Berthold Schnabel : Art historical guide through the Deidesheim association . Deidesheim 1976, p. 16-20 .
Web links
- Church St. Ulrich - Deidesheim on pfarrei-deidesheim.de
- Tower recording of the plenum in the Ulrichskirche (video with sound) on youtube.com
Individual evidence
- ^ Schnabel: Art historical guide through the Deidesheim association . P. 16
- ^ General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Informational directory of cultural monuments - Bad Dürkheim district. Mainz 2020, p. 20 (PDF; 5.1 MB; see: Kath. Stadtpfarrkirche St. Ulrich Kirchgasse 1 ).
- ↑ a b Georg Peter Karn, Rolf Mertzenich: Bad Dürkheim district. City of Bad Dürkheim, municipality of Haßloch, municipalities of Deidesheim, Lambrecht, Wachenheim (= cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate. Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 13.1 ). Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1995, ISBN 3-88462-119-X , p. 148 .
- ^ Schnabel: Art historical guide through the Deidesheim association . P. 20
- ^ Weis: Art and Architecture in Deidesheim . P. 175
- ↑ Parish Church St. Ulrich Deidesheim, Festschrift for the consecration of the altar in 1987 , Kath. Pfarramt Deidesheim, 1987, pp. 140–143
- ↑ Information on the organ of the Ulrichskirche