Pinot noir

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Pinot noir
Synonyms Pinot Noir, Pinot nero, Blauburgunder, Blauer Burgunder - for more see the Synonyms section
Pinot noir
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color dark blue to violet blue
use
origin France
VIVC no. 9279
List of grape varieties
A vineyard with Pinot Noir vines
Young leaves and tints of Pinot noir

Pinot noir ( Spätburgunder , Pinot nero , Blauburgunder , Schwarzburgunder ) is an important red wine variety that is usually considered to be of high quality . It has achieved worldwide distribution and importance. The wine is sometimes referred to as the king of red wines. It is a classic red wine quality variety from the cooler wine-growing regions such as Burgundy . Pinot noir is also an important blending partner for champagne production.

Descent, origin

It is a very old variety that may have been around for 2000 years. The area between Lake Geneva (Switzerland) and the Rhône Valley (France) is believed to be the home of the Pinot varieties. In the Swiss canton of Valais , Pinot noir is considered a traditional grape variety. The origin of Pinot noir is still unclear and is discussed differently in science. Another source speaks of a natural cross between Black Riesling and Traminer. Another source says that Pinot noir is likely a direct descendant of the wild grape. According to extensive genetic analyzes carried out in the 1990s, this cannot be ruled out. In fact, until the phylloxera disaster at the end of the 19th century, wild vines also grew as far as the far north of France. The analyzes show a fundamental difference to the varieties predominant in the south of France, which were probably brought into the country by the Greeks.

The order of the Cistercians brought them from Burgundy to the Steinberg of the Eberbach monastery in the Rheingau in 1335 . From there she was brought to the Assmannshäuser Höllenberg. The first documentary evidence of Pinot Noir in the Rheingau dates from 1470 and is also the first evidence of red wine cultivation in the Rheingau. The Rheingau synonym has been "sticky bread" for centuries.

Pinot noir is the first variety of which the DNA of the genome was completely sequenced in 2007.

Attribution

When Pinot Noir was first mentioned or appeared in the individual countries, there are many sources and variants with often different information. The statements made in the 9th century in connection with Charlemagne (742–814) must be seen as legends, but cannot be completely ruled out because it is unclear which grape varieties were meant. In any case, Pinot noir is one of the classic Franconian varieties and could have been spread with the Traminer during the time of the Franconian Empire. Reliable dates in France are 1283 (Moreillon) and 1375 (Pinot Vermeil), in Germany 1470 (Clebroit = ​​Klebroth) in the Hattenheim im Rheingau, in Switzerland 1766 (Cortaillod) and in Austria, Hungary and Italy the 18th century.

In De re rustica , the ancient Roman writer Columella describes a grape variety that could be assigned to today's Pinot Noir.

The French term "Pinot" is probably derived from the elongated shape of the Pinot grapes, which are quite similar to the cones of a pine (French "pin"). The term "Burgunder", which is common in German-speaking countries, is not a translation of the French name, but a designation of the area.

Ampelographic variety characteristics

  • The shoot tip is open, whitish, light green and very hairy.
  • The young leaves are initially hairy cobwebs, to be almost hairless later.
  • The shoot growth is medium strong.
  • The leaves are medium-sized, slightly indented and have a blistered surface. The leaf shape is like an equilateral pentagon; three to five lobes and finely toothed. The stem bay is open in a V-shape.

  • Pinot noir leaf (with leaf edge damage from cicadas)

  • Pinot noir grape

  • The cylindrical grape is rarely shouldered, medium-sized and has dense berries. The round to oval berries are small to medium-sized and are dark blue to purple-blue in color. The peel of the berry is thin and therefore very sensitive. The flesh is very juicy.

Only when the berries change color (August) is it possible to distinguish Pinot noir from Pinot gris and Pinot blanc .

Maturity: medium late

Expectations

The variety needs early and good locations with deep, warm, medium-heavy and fertile soils with a good water supply. Heavy soils are not suitable. The variety brings the best results on limestone soils.

Yield

Pinot noir has regular, medium to high yields. But there are a large number of clones that differ in yield, berry size and looseness.

Wine

Pinot noir wines are deep ruby ​​red with violet nuances, are widely regarded as velvety and full-bodied red wines with a long shelf life, but with a low color intensity. The wines oxidize easily (especially after berry botrytis infestation) and then show a brownish red hue. Pinot noir has an independent, typical bouquet that is particularly characterized by its fruitiness. In young wines, the fruit of the wine can be reminiscent of blackberries, while older they are more reminiscent of nuts with a delicate bitterness (bitter almonds).

Traditionally, the Pinot noir wines were not very colorful, mild, low in tannin and rather rust-red in color. In addition to this classic type, today's Pinot noir wines have a strong ruby ​​red with violet nuances. Pinot noir is one of the few grape varieties that are mostly grown in one variety. The style, aroma and taste in Pinot Noir range from almost strict, through sour, tannic, to unsurpassably soft, velvety and aromatic complex. The typical pinot noir has a slightly sweet scent of fruits, from cherries, blackberries, strawberries, plums to black currants, with hints of almonds and flowers such as violets. With aging in barriques, hints of vanilla and cinnamon are often added. The quality and taste of a Pinot Noir wine depend heavily on the terroir. Pinot noir is particularly suitable for introducing the specific terroir because it is sensitive to differences in soil type and microclimate. Pinot noir is a difficult variety not only in the vineyard, but also in the cellar. It requires the gentlest possible extraction of its thin-skinned berries, from which you want to remove as much color, flavor and aroma as possible without extracting too much bitter tannins. In addition to the origin, it is above all the demanding winemaking that shapes the image of Pinot Noir. So you ferment completely, either with or without stalks, i.e. destemmed or not. One extreme is cold maceration and cold fermentation, where you want to get as much fruit and depth of color as possible without too many tannins. The opposite extreme is the approach of the traditionalists, who ferment warmly without intervention and thus obtain relatively light-colored wines.

Sparkling wines made from pinot noir wine, rosé wine ( white autumn , same- pressed ) and blanc de noirs (French: "white from black" is the French name for a white wine made from red wine varieties) are important. Pinot noir is also one of the three grape varieties used to make champagne and gives sparkling wine its fullness.

properties

It is a rather difficult grape variety in terms of viticulture.

advantages

The variety delivers high-quality red wines and is sufficiently resistant to winter frost.

disadvantage

Leaf edge damage due to the sucking activity of the vine leafhopper

The disadvantage is that the variety makes high demands on location and soil, is prone to stem and berry rot, and is sensitive to late frost, and the wines have poor color coverage. The thin-skinned berry peels require very careful care. They also react strongly to climatic fluctuations (heat / cold). Clone selection has reduced some of these problems. Newer clones, for example, have fewer problems with stem and berry rot, as the peel of the berries is slightly stronger. The wines made from them also have slightly different sensory properties. The grape variety is susceptible to powdery mildew , downy mildew , botrytis , vine leafhopper and viral diseases (especially brushwood ). It also has a tendency to chlorosis .

distribution

Areas of Pinot Noir in the world in 2010.

country Vineyards ha 2010
France 30,086
United States 16,776
Germany 11,733
Moldova 6,521
Italy 5,046
New Zealand 4,776
Australia 4,690
Switzerland 4,402
Chile 2,884
Argentina 1,802
Algeria 1,510
Hungary 1,091
Romania 1,089
Spain 1,044
South Africa 962
Ukraine 767
Czech Republic 688
Austria 646
Canada 640
Russia 533
United Kingdom 233
Kazakhstan 180
Croatia 180
Portugal 148
Brazil 145
Japan 64
Uruguay 55
China 40
Myanmar 7th
Luxembourg 3
Turkey 3
Peru 1
Thailand 1
World acreage 2010 98,744

Due to its taste quality and its fine fragrance, the Pinot noir is attracting increasing attention again despite the problems with cultivation. The worldwide cultivated area increased from 1960 with only 10,375 ha over 1990 (41,539 ha) and 2000 (68,742 ha) to 98,744 ha in 2010. It ranks 10th in the global grape variety ranking.

France

Pinot noir grapes in the Côte Chalonnaise area

France, as the largest cultivation country of the variety, has a vineyard area of ​​30,086 hectares (as of 2010). On the Côte-d'Or in the heart of Burgundy, Pinot noir is the only red wine variety approved for the production of quality wines. The first Duke of Burgundy, Philip the Bold (1363–1404) recognized the commercial value of wine for export and tried to find a marketing strategy. Among other things, he had the cultivation of Gamay prohibited by decree on the grounds that it was harmful to human health . He also banned the fertilization of the vineyards as the yields were obviously far too high. Some historians see this time as the foundation of a successful strategy by the Dukes of Burgundy to position Burgundy at the royal courts of Europe as the best wine in Europe. The cultivation area of ​​the Côte Chalonnaise is well known , where Passetoutgrains are also produced in a blend with the Gamay of the Bourgogne . The variety is also cultivated in Alsace .

Although the wine loses its special charm with age, wines with excellent aging potential can be created on the Côte d'Or. The best wineries often only produce small quantities of their high quality produce. Due to the international level of awareness, there are supply bottlenecks that lead to very high sales prices.

In Champagne , Pinot Noir, with a share of 38%, is the most important component of champagne , ahead of the Chardonnay and Black Riesling grape varieties . To do this, the grapes are pressed and the light-colored juice obtained is fermented without maceration and thus without the skin, so that a white wine is created. Single-variety sparkling wine made from Pinot Noir (and / or Pinot meunier = black Riesling) is marketed under the name “ Blanc de Noirs ”. Rosé des Riceys is a specialty in the extreme south of the wine-growing region .

Germany

In Germany in 2015, 11,784 ha (= 11.5% of the German vineyard area) were planted with the Pinot noir grape variety, here the Pinot Noir. This makes Germany the third largest Pinot Noir producer in the world after France and the USA. Baden alone has more Spätburgunder areas than z. B. Australia or New Zealand. The planted area has remained almost constant for several years despite the red wine boom. In 2015, 11,784 hectares were planted, after only 9,806 hectares were surveyed in 2001.

Top quality is now being achieved in German growing areas. While in Germany in the 1980s Pinot Noir was consistently used to produce sweetish wines, weak in color, body and alcohol, the taste profile has changed dramatically in the following decades. Today, many red wines, rich in color, tannins and full-bodied, full-bodied red wines are also produced in Germany , which can compete with the most famous red Burgundies in France. But the best products are already reaching prices that can compete with those from Burgundy. The wines that are most similar to those from Burgundy grow in Baden and the Palatinate . Other good red wine locations can be found on the Ahr and in the Rheingau in Assmannshausen with the famous Höllberg. The first documentary evidence of Pinot Noir in the Rheingau comes from 1470 and is also the first evidence of red wine cultivation in the Rheingau. The Rheingau synonym for centuries was Klebrot with his word similar variations. The Pinot Noir is already the dominant red wine variety there with 12.3% (390 ha, as of 2015) of the planted area. In Baden, the Pinot Noir is cultivated on around 5,492 hectares and is the most widely grown grape variety with around 36%. On the Ahr it dominates with 62.3% (as of 2015). In the Palatinate , it is grown on 1,672 ha (as of 2015).

In addition to the products red and rosé wine, the Pinot Noir is also processed into fruity and tangy white autumn and blanc de noirs .

The vineyards in Germany were distributed among the individual growing areas as follows in 2015:

Wine region Vineyards ha
Ahr 359
to bathe 5,492
Francs 256
Hessian mountain road 48
Middle Rhine 43
Moselle 380
Near 277
Palatinate 1,672
Rheingau 390
Rheinhessen 1,458
Saale-Unstrut 7th
Saxony 41
Württemberg 1,325
Germany (2015) 11,784

Austria

The vineyard area planted with Pinot Noir amounts to 613 ha (2015), that is 4.1% of the area under cultivation with red wine varieties and is slightly declining. In the variety ranking, the variety is in 7th place among the red wine varieties. In Austria , the synonyms Blauburgunder or Blauer Burgunder are used alongside the variety designation Pinot noir.

Cultivation is concentrated in Lower Austria (293 ha) and Burgenland (278 ha). In Styria (16 ha) and Vienna (16 ha) the area share is low.

The Pinot noir is matured dry in Austria and is often matured and stored in small wooden barrels, the barrique. The wines are mostly reminiscent of the products of Burgundy.

Switzerland

In Switzerland , the Pinot Noir (commonly used is the name Pinot Noir have participated in the Romandie Pinot noir, older in German-speaking Switzerland also Clevner or Klevner ) an acreage of 4,402 ha (2010). The main cultivation areas are Eastern Switzerland (in particular the Graubünden Rhine Valley or the Schaffhausen Blauburgunderland ), the Valais , regions on Lake Neuchâtel , in the Seetal , on Lake Biel , Lake Thun and Lake Zurich .

Italy

Most of the 5,046 hectares of vineyards are in northern Italy in Piedmont, in South Tyrol and in the Aosta Valley .

In South Tyrol , the variety was first mentioned in 1838 as "Bourgoigne noir" when the "kuk Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft von Tirol und Vorarlberg, Bozen branch" bought a vine; later the variety is called "Blauburgunder" as in Austria. The first ampelographic descriptions were made by Edmund Mach, founder of the Agricultural Institute San Michele a. A., from 1894 received: Friedrich Boscarolli - Rametz / Meran - Rametzer Burgunder 1890, Neustift Canon Monastery - Blauburgunder 1890, R. v. Bressendorf - Vernaun / Meran - Burgunder 1890, C. Frank - Rebhof Gries Bozen - Burgunder 1889, Fr. Tschurtschenthaler - Bozen - Burgunder 1890 & 1891, Fr. Tschurtschenthaler - Bozen - Kreuzbichler 1889 & 1891 & 1887.

Australia

The Pinot Noir is cultivated in the cool regions of Australia such as Yarra Valley , Geelong , the Bellarine Peninsula , Beechworth , Whitlands , South Gippsland , Sunbury and Mornington Peninsula in Victoria , Adelaide Hills in South Australia and Tasmania . The area under vines is 4,690 hectares (as of 2010).

See also

Synonyms

Synonyms: 339: Aprofekete, Arbst, Arbst Blau, Arbst Blauer, Assmannshaeuser, Augustiner, Auvergnat, Auvernas, Auvernas Rouge, Auvernat, Auvernat Noir, Berligout, Black Burgundy, Black Morillon, Blak Burgundy, Blauer Burgunder, Blauburgunder, Blauer, Blauer Arbst , Blauer Augustiner, Blauer Burgunder, Blauer Claevner, Blauer Clevner, Blauer Klaevener, Blauer Klaever, Blauer Klevner, Blauer Klewner, Blauer Nuernberg, Blauer Nuernberger, Blauer Rischling, Blauer Seeklevner, Blauer Spaetburgunder, Blauer Sylvaner, Blaurer Statburgunder, Bodensee grape, Boehmischer Bon Plant, Borgogna Nera, Borgogna Rosso, Bourgignon, Bourgignon Noir, Bourgoignon Noir, Bourguignon, Bourguignon Gros, Bourguignon Noir, Bourguignon Petit, Bruenlaeubler, Burgunda, Burgundac Cernii, Burgundac Crni, Burgundac Crni Pozni, Burgundy, Burgundy blue, Burgundy Big Blue, Burgundy Small Blue, Burgundy Red, Burgundy Black, Burgundi Crni, Burgundi Kek Apro, Burgundi Kek Aproszemue, Burgundi Mic, Burgundske Modre, Cerna, Cerna Okrugla, Cerna Okrugta Banka, Cerna Ranka, Chambertin, Champagne, Cherna, Chiavenase, Chiavenna, Chpatchok, Claevner, Claevner Blau, Claevner Schwarz, Clavensis, Clevner, Clevner Mariafeld, Coraillod, Cortaillod, Derice Auvernas Noir, Dickblau, Echter Schwarzblauer Klevner, Elsasser Rot, Elsasser Rother, Fin Noir, Fin Noir de Toulon, Fin Plant Dore, Formentin Noir, Fraenkische Schwarze, Franc Noiren, Franc Noirien, Franc Pineau, Franc Pinot, Francois Noir, Frischschwarzer, Fruehblaue , Fruehblauer, Fruehschwarzer, Fruhblauer, Gamais, Genetin de St. Menin, Gentil Noir, Glaevinger, Glassblack, Grauer Burgunder, Gribalet Noir, Grobes Suesschwarz, Grosse Burgunder, Grosse Fruehschwarze, Grosser Burgunder, Gut Blau, Gutblau, Hohmann 28/95 / 46/4 + 5, Jakabszoeloe, Karapino, Kek Burgundi, Kek Kisburgundi, Kek Klevner, Kek Rulandi, Kis Burgundi, Kis Burgundikek, Kisburgundi, Kisburgundi Kek, Klaevner, Klaevner Schwarz, Klebrot, Klebroth, Klebrott, Kleine Burgu nder, Kleiner Burgunder, Kleinrot, Kleinroth, Klevinger, Klevner, Klevner Kek, Klevner Schwarzblau, Kocinka, Korai Kekburgundi, Langedet, Maehrchen, Malterdinger, Maltertinger, Marillon N, Mario Feld, Massoutel, Massoutet, Maurillon, Mensois, Modra Burgunda, Modra Klevanja, Modra Klevanjka, Modra Klevanyka, Modri ​​Pinot, Moehrchen, Moehrchen Blaues, Moehrlein, Mohrenkoenigin, Mohrenkoenigin Fruehblaue, Mor Burgunder, Moreote, Moreote Noir, Moreotic Grape, Morillon, Morillon Noir, Mourillon, Nagyburgundi, Nere, Neyran, Noble, Noble Joue, Noir de Franconier, Noir de Versitch, Noir Menu, Noirien, Noirien Franc, Noirien Ternent, Noirin, Noirun, Okrugla Ranka, Ordinaerer Blauer, Ordinaerer Rother, Orleanais, Orleans, Petit Noir, Petit Noirin, Petit Plant Dore , Petit Verot, Pignol, Pignola, Pignolet, Pignolo, Pignolus, Pignuola, Pimbart, Pineau, Pineau de Bourgogne, Pineau de Bourgoyne, Pineau de Chambertin, Pineau de Gevrey, Pineau Franc, Pineau Noir, Pino Black, Pino Ceren , Pino Cernii, Pino Cheren, Pino Chernyi, Pino Chernyj, Pino Cornij, Pino Fran, Pino Go, Pino Negru, Pino Nero, Pino Nuar, Pino Qo, Pinot, Pinot Bianco, Pinot Cernii, Pinot Clevner Cl. Maria Feld, Pinot Crni, Pinot D'ay, Pinot de Chambertin, Pinot de Fleury, Pinot de Gevrey, Pinot de Migraine, Pinot Droit, Pinot Fin, Pinot Franc Noir, Pinot Grigio, Pinot Liebault, Pinot Mare, Pinot Mariafeld, Pinot Negru, Pinot Nera, Pinot Nero, Pinot Noar, Pinot Noir Cortaillod, Pinot Noir Cortaillod 9-18, Pinot Noir Salvagnin, Pinot Salvagnin, Pinot Tinto, Plack Morillon, Plant A Bon Vin, Plant Dae, Plant de Cumieres, Plant de La Dole Noir, Plant de S. Martin, Plant Dore, Plant Fin, Plant Medaille, Plant Noble, Pynoz, Qara Pino, Raisin de Bourgogne, Raucj, Raucy, Raucy Male, Roter Assmannhaeuser, Roter Assmannshaeuser, Roter Burgunder, Rother, Rother Assmannshaeuser, Rother Burgunder, Rouci, Rouci Male, Rouci Modre, Roucimodre, Rouget, Rulandske Modre, Sachemo, Salvagnin, Salvagnin Noir, Samoireau, Samoreau, Saumensois, Saumoireau, Savagin Noir, Savagnin Noir, Schnetzuble, Schwartz Klevner, Schwarz, Schwarzblauer Trae Klevner, Schwarze Burgunder, Schwarze Fraenkische, Schwarzer , Schwarzer Assmannshaeuser, Schwarzer Burgunder, Schwarzer Champagne, Schwarzer Klaevner, Schwarzer Klevner, Schwarzer Riesling, Schwarzer Rissling, Schwarzer Suessling, Schwarzer Tokayer, Schwarzklaevner, Schwarzklevner, Schwarztraeuble, Servagnin, Servagnin Noir de Seysselpet, Sevagnin Noirburg, Shpachock, Shpachock, Spacok, Spaetburgunder, Spaetburgunder Blauer, Spaeter Burgunder, Spaetes Moehrchen, Spaetes Moerchen, Spatburgunder, Spetburgunder, Statburgunder, Stolle 514, Suessblau, Suesschwarz Coarse, Suessedel, Suessling, Suessrot, Suessroth, Suessschwarz, Suessschwarzer, Susschwarzer, Sedelessschwarzer, Susschwarzer, Talvagnere Rouge, Talvagnues Rouges, Ternent, Thalrother, Tinto, Traminer Blau, Traminer Schwarz, Vert Dore, Vrai Auvernas, Waltertinger, Pinot Blanc, Zuncic.

Mutations, clones

Small, densely arranged berries and small compact grapes are typical of the classic clones of Pinot noir.
Loose berries, large berries, newer clone of Pinot noir

Pinot noir tends to develop more mutations . Varieties that arose from the mutation of Pinot noir: Frühburgunder , Pinot Liébault , Schwarzriesling , Weißburgunder , Grauburgunder , Blauer Arbst , Pinot Teinturier , Pinot Tête de Nègre .

Samtrot represents a mutation back from Pinot Meunier to Pinot noir . This chance mutation was discovered in 1928 by Hermann Schneider in his Heilbronn vineyard and taken over in 1929 by the State Training and Research Institute for Viticulture and Fruit Growing in Weinsberg for propagation. Samtrot, so named in 1950, is grown exclusively in Württemberg. In terms of plant variety law, Samtrot is classified as a clone of Pinot noir.

Crosses with Pinot Noir

Spontaneous crossings:

Spontaneous crosses of Pinot and Gouais Blanc : Aligoté , Aubin Vert , Auxerrois , Bachet Noir , Beaunoir , Chardonnay , Dameron, Franc Noir de la Haute-Saône , François Noir, Gamay Blanc Gloriod , Gamay Noir (à Jus Blanc), Knipperlé , Melon de Bourgogne , Mézy, Peurion , Roublot , Rubi, Sacy , Troyen.
The Heunisch is actually an inferior grape variety, which in the Middle Ages was only valued for its high yields and was often cultivated together with Pinot Noir. The spatial proximity of the vines inevitably led to mutual pollination and thus to new varieties, such as the higher-quality varieties ( Chardonnay , Aligoté , Auxerrois and Gamay ). This can be explained by the heterosis effect . The basic genetic pattern of both crossing partners is very different and explains the abundance of new varieties.

New breeds:

Due to its excellent properties, the variety was and is a popular crossbreed partner for new breeds worldwide.

List of crosses with Pinot noir taken from the Vitis International Variety Catalog - accessed February 6, 2017.

Variety name VIVC no. Crossing partner
AK DZHUZYUM 5706 MADELEINE ANGEVINE X PINOT NOIR
BALADA 20920 BABEASCA NEAGRA X PINOT NOIR
BELEK 5724 PINOT NOIR X DEBT RATE II
BERMET 5726 MADELEINE ANGEVINE X PINOT CHERNYI
BOUQUET 1608 MAVROUD X PINOT NOIR
CARMINA 2111 PORTUGIESER BLUE X PINOT NOIR
CARMINOIR 20001 PINOT NOIR X CABERNET SAUVIGNON
CUMDEO ROUGE 22511 BLUE BURGUNDY X BLUE PORTUGIESER
DIOLINOIR 15944 ROBIN NOIR X PINOT NOIR
DOMINATION 3632 PORTUGIESER X PINOT NOIR
FRANC NOIR DE LA HAUTE SAONE 4916 HEUNISH WHITE x PINOT NOIR
FREIBURG 4-61 19992 JOANNES SEYVE 234-16 X PINOT NOIR
FREIBURG 089-64 R 21822 PINOT NOIR X FREIBURG 589-54
GAMINOT 24740 GAMAY NOIR X PINOT NERO
GEILWEILERHOF KOE-17-44 20668 PORTUGIESER X PINOT NOIR
GEISENHEIM 141-38 4668 PINOT NOIR X (CORDIFOLIA X RUPESTRIS)
GEISENHEIM 6421-15 14307 ROTBERGER X PINOT NOIR
HEBROS 15816 MUSCAT ROUGE X PINOT NOIR
JAGODINKA 5654 PINOT NOIR X PROKUPAC
KETROSY 6130 SEREKSIYA CHERNAYA X PINOT NOIR
KLADOVSKA BELA 6301 PROKUPAC X PINOT NOIR
COLOR 6388 PINOT NOIR X TEINTURIER
LEDNICE B 76 6789 SEVERNYJ X PINOT NOIR
MILLARDET ET GRASSET 345 19298 SAVAGNIN NOIR X GIGANTESQUE
MOL KARA 7892 MADELEINE ANGEVINE X PINOT NOIR
NEW YORK 63.0970.07 22706 CHANCELLOR x PINOT NOIR
OLIVIA 23182 (BABEASCA NEAGRA X PINOT NOIR) X PINOT NOIR
ORFEJ 17628 MISKET CHERVEN X PINOT NOIR
PALESTINE I 8878 MAYORKIN X PINOT NOIR
PALESTINE II 8879 MAYORKIN X PINOT NOIR
PALESTINE III 8880 MAYORKIN X PINOT NOIR
PETRA 14639 KUNBARAT X PINOT NOIR
PICARLAT 24742 CABERNET SAUVIGNON X PINOT NOIR
PINORICO 24042 KERNER X PINOT NOIR
PINOT NOVA 25235 BLUE BURGUNDY X MALVERINA
PINOTAGE 9286 PINOT X CINSAUT
PINOTIN 19994 PINOT NOIR X FUNGUS RESISTANT VARIETY
PLINIANA 23032 RIESLING ITALICO X PINOT NOIR
RAINHA 9883 SEIBEL 7053 X PINOT NOIR
RAVAT NOIR 9941 SEIBEL 8365 X PINOT NOIR
RIGOTTI 102- 3 10085 MERLOT X PINOT NERO
RED MILAN 19996 KERNER X BLAUBURGUNDER
ROUGET 24-2 10249 PINOT NOIR X RUPESTRIS FORTWORTH
ROUGET 24-3 10250 PINOT NOIR X RUPESTRIS FORTWORTH
SCHOENBURGER 10833 PINOT NOIR X PIROVANO 1
SKIF 11851 SAPERAVI SEVERNYI X (PINOT NOIR X AMURENSIS)
SLADKII CHERNYI 11864 PINOT NOIR SP
STEITZ 1 24869 PINOT NOIR X ZALA GYOENGUE
STEITZ 2 24870 PINOT NOIR X ZALA GYOENGUE
VIRGILIO 23044 RIESLING ITALICO X PINOT NOIR
VRH 12- 4- 80 22565 VRH8695 X PINOT N
YAGODINKA 13290 PINOT NOIR X MAISKII CHERNYI
ZUPLJANKA 13480 PROKUPAC X PINOT NOIR

Web links

Commons : Pinot Noir  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article 32 Traditional grape varieties of the (PDF) Ordinance on Viticulture and Wine (VRW, 916.142) , Sion March 17, 2004
  2. ↑ Ferdinand Regner , Karel Hanak, Cornelia Eisenheld: Directory of Austrian quality wine varieties and their clones , 2nd edition 2015, HBL and BA for WB, Klosterneuburg.
  3. ↑ Interview ( Memento of the original from October 18, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with Carole Meredith with David Graves of Saintsbury Vineyards. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.saintsbury.com
  4. ^ Kurt Hoffmann et al .: Baden und seine Burgunder , 1981, Verlag Rombach, Freiburg, ISBN 3-7930-0273-X , p. 10.
  5. ↑ Grape genome unpicked: Vintage sequence could lead to improved pest resistance and new wine flavors , news@nature.com, August 26, 2007.
  6. ↑ The origin of the Chardonnay in English ( Memento of the original dated November 30, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Meredith Carole, Bowers, JM Boursiquot, and others @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.u-bourgogne.fr
  7. ^ John Winthrop Haeger: North American Pinot Noir . University of California Press, 2004, ISBN 0-520-24114-2 (English, ucpress.edu ). ucpress.edu ( Memento of the original from May 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ucpress.edu
  8. ↑ a b c K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010, Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014 ) (third revision July 2014).
  9. ^ Deutsches Weininstitut (Ed.): Statistics 2004/2005, deutscheweine.de ( Memento from September 20, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) . Mainz 2004.
  10. ^ Josef Staab : 500 years of Rheingau, Klebroth = Pinot Noir. In: Writings on wine history. No. 24.
  11. ↑ German Wine Statistics 2015/2016, Table 2, page 8, published by the German Wine Institute
  12. ↑ State Statistical Office Rhineland-Palatinate (2016): Statistical reports - Planted vineyards 2015. Bad Ems, CI - j / 15, reference number: C1073 201500, ISSN  1430-5070 .
  13. ↑ Federal Statistical Office (2016): Agriculture and Forestry, Fisheries. Agricultural land use - vineyards. Technical series 3 series 3.1.5.
  14. ^ German Viticulture Association (2016): 19th Special Report 2016 - Planted vineyards 2015
  15. ↑ Weingarten Baseline Survey 2015, Statistics Austria
  16. ↑ blauburgunderland.ch
  17. ↑ Peter Dipoli, Michela Carlotto: Mazon and his Blauburgunder , Verschönerungsverein Neumarkt, Fotolito Varesco, Auer, 2009 - ISBN 978-88-8300-032-4
  18. ↑ Pinot noir in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), accessed on March 13, 2020
  19. ↑ S. Hocquigny, F. Pelsy, V. Dumas, S. Kindt, MC. Heloir, and D. Merdinoglu (2004) Diversification within grapevine cultivars goes through chimeric states . In: Genome 47: 579-589 doi: 10.1139 / g04-006 .