Brush disease

The brushwood disease (previously called Kurzknotigkeit) the most important is viral disease of grapevine worldwide. The symptoms of the disease can be caused by various nepoviruses . Therefore, one often speaks of the complex of sticks disease . The course of the disease is creeping. Symptoms only appear a few years after the infection . It has been documented in European viticulture since at least 1882, but has probably existed since the beginning of viticulture. As a disease agent serve nematodes .

Symptoms

The complex of sticks disease is caused by a wide variety of viruses . All viruses involved are polyhedral and isometric particles approx. 30  nm in diameter. The symptoms include a partial or complete yellow discoloration of the leaf blade, various leaf deformations, a shortened distance between the buds (hence the formerly valid name short knot), delayed budding in spring, weak growth of the vine, bandages and abnormal branching of the vine wood, small berries and increased irrigation .

• the sticks virus (English: grapevine fanleaf virus ; GFLV):
• the arabis mosaic virus ( English arabis mosaic virus ; AMV or ArMV):
• the raspberry ringspot virus (RRSV or RpRSV):
• the strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRV or SLRSV):
• the tomato black ring virus (TBRV):

Transmission of brushwood disease

The transmission occurs either via nematodes in the soil or through grafting on already infected rootstocks .

Combating brushwood disease

If a vineyard area is contaminated, the infected vines must be cleared. The nematodes can still be in the ground 4 to 5 years after the vines have been removed.

History of research on brushwood disease

Emerich Ráthay , institute director of the Klosterneuburg Wine School , published his report in 1883 on the vines known in Lower Austria as Gabler or Zweiwipfler , in which a path of infection through the ground was described for the first time. But it was not until 1907 that Luigi Savastano expresses the suspicion of a virus, but could neither determine a virus nor the route of infection. For a long time, brushwood disease was regarded as a side effect of an infestation by phylloxera . In fact, the spread of the disease reached its first peak in the 1880s, when unconsciously infected plants were spread in the new planting of many vineyards in the fight against phylloxera. In 1956, Professor Albert J. Winkler of the University of California at Davis reported the unsuccessful attempts by WB Hewitt to spread brushwood disease using phylloxera. Instead, he repeatedly found certain roundworms in the soil of contaminated vines.

literature

• Jancis Robinson : The Oxford Wine Lexicon . Hallwag, Gräfe and Unzer, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-8338-0691-9 .
• Horst Diedrich Mohr (Hrsg.): Color atlas diseases, pests and beneficial insects on the grapevine . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4148-5 .
• Pierre Galet : Les maladies et les parasites de la vigne . tape 1 . Imprimerie du Paysan du Midi, Montpellier 1977, ISBN 978-2-87777-038-5 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Nina Feil, M. Breuer, Volker Jörger: Nematode tolerance of vines. (PDF; 177 kB) Freiburg State Viticulture Institute
2. ↑ Nina Feil: Studies on the interaction between the virus-transmitting nematode Xiphinema index and various Vitis species - establishment of an indicator system . (PDF) Doctoral thesis, p. 7
3. ^ Descriptions of Plant Viruses. Data collection on the Grapevine fanleaf virus
4. ^ Descriptions of Plant Viruses. Data collection on the Arabis mosaic virus