Viticulture in France
Both qualitatively and quantitatively, France is one of the most important wine-growing regions in the world. International standards are based on France to this day, in particular Bordeaux wine , Burgundy and champagne . Paris is the seat of the International Organization for Vine and Wine . French grape varieties such as Chardonnay , Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon are also leading in international fame . France is also still the second largest wine after Italy despite lower production figuresproducer of the world. In 2007 a total of 867,400 hectares were planted with vines. The wineries produced 48.6 million hectoliters of wine in 2018. This amount corresponds to around six to seven billion bottles of wine, two thirds of which are drunk in the home country. The share of red and rosé wines is around 73%, the share of white wines 27%. The wine industry has an annual turnover of around 8.4 billion euros. World production, which is growing due to constant new cultivation areas in the USA , Australia , but also in countries such as the People's Republic of China , amounted to around 292 million hectoliters in 2018. France's share of world production is around 20% (with a downward trend), while its value is around 25% due to the high price level.
History of viticulture in France
Around 620–600 BC Thanks to a donation of land by the Ligurian princes , Greeks ( Phocaeans trading with the Gallic population ) founded a permanently inhabited settlement ( Apoikie ) at a transfer point and named it Massalia ( Greek Μασσαλία, Latin Massilia ), today's Marseille. They brought the grape varieties they knew and only planted them in the south of France for their own consumption. Since the varieties came from a warm climate zone, they only thrived in areas where figs and olive trees also grow.
From the 2nd century BC In BC, Marseille became interesting for the strengthened Romans to secure transport routes by land to Spain. Today's Narbonne and the Roman province of Narbonensis emerged from the same considerations . As part of extensive trading activities, the wine came from southern France to Rome, and amphora finds in the former Gaul show there, too, considerable consumption of Italian wine.
The intensive wine trade between Italy and Gaul was mostly carried out by water and was regulated by economic and political agreements. In his “Histoire de la Gaule” (The History of Gaul), the historian Camille Jullian wrote about the Haeduer who were close to Rome : “ Bibracte , I am sure, was the starting point and the surest guarantor of their power. There were very good roads around Bibracte that linked the three largest river valleys in France. "
The Roman goods came via the Rhône and then the Saône , the Loire or the Allier . That is why the goods passed through Haedu before they hit the Loire or the Seine . The Haedu promised the spread of Roman goods in Gaul from the second century BC. They enabled their allied Gallic tribes to profit from their trade with Rome and with the Greek colonies such as Marseille. This trade is evidenced by the large quantities of amphorae and ceramics that came from Italy and were found in trash ditches and tiled floors of houses.
The first Gallic vineyards were only discovered during the Roman conquest at the end of the 1st century BC. Created. The Greek scribe and geographer Strabo is in his 7 BC. Chr. Published work Geographica still believe that only the regions are approximately suited to Narbonne and Marseille due to a similar vegetation as in Italy for growing grapes, the rest of Gaul, however, too far north lie. As early as 38 AD, however, he reported that the banks of the Rhone were covered with vines.
In the 1st century AD, the Allobrogers grew resinous wines near today's city of Vienne in the Rhône Valley. According to Pliny the Elder , they were able to get high prices for this commodity.
From the Roman base in Narbonne, the vines are likely to have found their way to today's Gaillac wine-growing region . Archaeological finds prove the manufacture of amphorae at Gaillac and Béziers during the second reign of Emperor Augustus from 27 BC. Chr. – 14 AD
Quality levels in France
French wine production is one of the best monitored agricultural areas in the world. Every filled bottle belongs to a quality category. The top level of the quality pyramid is represented by the AOC wines ( AOP since 2009 ). This is followed by the Vins Délimités de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS for short), the country wines ( Vin de Pays , since 2009 IGP ) and the table wines (Vin de Table, since 2009 Vin de France ). The labeling is very different in the French wine-growing regions. The Champagne wine-growing region , for example, has a single AOC with over 32,000 hectares. The smallest AOC, on the other hand, has barely two hectares. Within the AOC wines, there are sometimes further differences between regional, subregional and communal AOCs without this being apparent from the label. In general: the smaller the designated area, the higher the quality requirements. In Burgundy , the potential of the locations for quality classification plays a major role. Accordingly, the individual appellations are quite small in order to do justice to the differences in individual locations. See also the article Grand Cru . In the Bordelais, on the other hand, the châteaux, i.e. the wineries, play the main role, the quality of which is defined in classifications . The appellations therefore include at least the vines of one municipality or even several related municipalities, as is the case for the Margaux appellation . Individual layers are not recorded. The INAO (Institut National des Appellations D'Origine) is aware that there are quality differences within an appellation. The wines are not classified by the AOC designation.
In contrast to Germany, quality wines are mostly blended from several grape varieties. Single-variety wines predominate only in Alsace , Burgundy , in some appellations of the Loire and the northern Rhône .
The principle of the controlled designation of origin (Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée) was drafted at the beginning of the 20th century and implemented in 1935 with the foundation of INAO. This institute monitors the now more than 400 appellations and proposes changes in the legislation. INAO determines which still-VDQS wine can be promoted to the rank of AOC. With local regulations, the traditions and the independence of the individual regions and communities are preserved. For the introduction of the rigorous quality system, increasing crime around the wine was the cause, such as the unauthorized addition of cheaper wines to stretch expensive products.
The AOC regulations not only draw the boundaries of the permitted vineyards. The permitted grape varieties are defined within the set of rules for each individual AOC (possibly even minimum proportions of certain varieties within the blends ), minimum alcohol content is recorded and yield restrictions are imposed. The regulations also include details of the number of vines to be planted per hectare and the training systems to be used for the vines. In some areas, such as Champagne, certain production techniques, such as the maximum juice yield when pressing, are prescribed.
The share of AOC wines has increased from 37% (1989) to 51% (1999).
Wines from controlled area of origin (AOC)
- Red and rosé wines : 17.9 million hectoliters
- White wines : 8.5 million hectoliters
- Total production : 26.4 million hectoliters (51% of total production)
Upscale table wines (country wines)
- Red and rosé wines: 13.4 million hectoliters
- White wines: 2.8 million hectoliters
- Total production : 16.2 million hectoliters (31% of total production)
Simple table wines
- Red and rosé wines: 6.8 million hectoliters
- White wines: 2.4 million hectoliters
- Total production : 9.2 million hectoliters (18% of total production)
Small label school
Here is a translation aid for the most important terms (a – f) on a label and for dealing with wine from and in France (including French tasting expressions):
- aggressive: raw, unripe wine, too high acidity
- aimable: pleasant without being very good (aimable: lovable)
- âpre: high tannin content, possibly paired with high acidity. The wine is therefore hard and tart.
- arrière-goût: aftertaste
- astringent: the mouth is contracted due to the high tannin content, astringent
- bois: wood
- boisé: wood taste
- bouchon: corks
- bouchonné: cork-flavored wine
- bouquet: scent of a wine ( bouquet (wine) )
- brut: dry, especially used for champagne
- brut de brut: naturally dry, less than four grams / liter of residual sugar (champagne)
- brut intégral: naturally dry, less than four grams / liter of residual sugar (champagne)
- capiteux: full, heavy, massive
- charnu: full-bodied, meaty, well structured
- chaud: alcoholic and pleasantly warm (in the sense of balanced)
- Château: winery. The term is mostly common in Bordeaux and does not refer to a castle-like building there, but to wineries of all kinds.
- chêne: oak flavor. Originates from the contact of the wine with the oak staves of the new wine barrel (→ barrique)
- clairet: light red, almost rosé
- classe: Wine of high quality and / or high potential
- corps: body, i.e. the weight of the wine in the mouth
- climat: single layer. This term is mainly used in Burgundy.
- commune: community
- Cru Bourgeois Supérieur: in the Bordeaux wine-growing region, the third quality level after the five-part → Grand Cru Classé level and the Cru exceptionnel level
- Cru Bourgeois: in the Bordeaux wine-growing region, the fourth quality level after the five-part → Grand Cru Classé level, the Cru exceptionnel level and the Cru Bourgeois Supérieur level
- Cru exceptionnel: in the Bordeaux wine-growing region, the second quality level after the five-part → Grand Cru Classé level
- demi-sec: semi-dry. This flavor applies to champagne and other sparkling wines.
- doux: sweet
- dur: hard. The wine has an excess of tannins and acidity.
- équilibré: balanced, balanced. The taste components combine harmoniously.
- faible: thin, weak
- ferme: firmly. Stage of a great wine in which it is very closed.
- finesse: delicacy
- continued: strong
- frais: fresh or refreshing. With regard to the drinking temperature, frais can also mean that the wine should be drunk chilled.
Wine regions in France, alphabetically
Beaujolais
Although the Beaujolais area historically belongs to Burgundy , it forms an independent wine-growing region due to its independent wine style, in which the Gamay grape is the focus. In total, the Beaujolais covers around 23,000 hectares of vineyards, extends over a length of 50 km in north-south direction and is a maximum of 15 kilometers wide. The Saône River forms the eastern edge of the area. In the west the area is bounded by the foothills of the Massif Central . The up to 1012 meter high hills protect the vineyards from bad weather.
1.4 million hectoliters of wine are produced annually. Although the area produces excellent wines, especially in the Beaujolais-Cru communities, Beaujolais is best known for the low-quality Beaujolais Nouveau, a wine that is made using the fast-process method and is launched on the third Thursday of every November with a lot of advertising.
The communal appellations of the Beaujolais are Brouilly , Chénas , Chiroubles , Côte de Brouilly , Fleurie , Juliénas , Moulin à Vent , Morgon , Régnié and Saint-Amour .
Bordeaux
The city of Bordeaux gives its name to the wine-growing region of Bordeaux with 120,700 hectares of vineyards. The region extends to the entire Gironde department . The share of top quality is higher here than in any of the other regions of France.
Seven million hectoliters of wine are produced annually. The internationally known appellations and wineries have a share of around five percent in this amount. An average winery in Bordeaux is between seven and ten hectares in size. Over the past 20 years, many wineries have been merged into larger units.
The wines are usually cuvées (blends), which means that they consist of several grape varieties.
The top quality are the municipal appellations Margaux , Saint-Julien , Pauillac , Saint-Estèphe , Pessac-Léognan , Pomerol , Saint-Émilion , Sauternes and Barsac . The lion's share of production comes from the regional AOC Bordeaux or Bordeaux Supérieur and subregional appellations such as Entre deux mers , Graves and Médoc .
Burgundy
The eastern French province of Burgundy is known for its single-variety red and white wines. While the red wines are made from the Pinot Noir grape variety, the white wines are made from the Chardonnay grape. The best wines grow in the world-famous Grand Cru locations on the Côte de Nuits and Côte de Beaune .
The wineries in Burgundy are usually hardly larger than five to six hectares. Almost every winemaker has a large number of very small parcels in various locations. This heterogeneity is based on French inheritance law and explains the outstanding importance of the Burgundian trading houses, which can supply the end customer with sufficient quantities of single-site wines of reliable quality.
Regions: Chablis , Côte d'Or , Côte Chalonnaise , Mâconnais
Top wines come from Gevrey-Chambertin , Chambolle-Musigny , Morey-Saint-Denis , Vougeot , Vosne-Romanée , Nuits-Saint-Georges , Aloxe-Corton , Beaune , Pommard , Volnay , Meursault , Chassagne-Montrachet and Puligny-Montrachet .
Champagne
The wine-growing region of Champagne with the wine-growing metropolises of Reims and Épernay was the first wine-growing region in the world to produce sparkling wine in large quantities. Just like Bordeaux wine and Burgundy, champagne is a product that serves as a role model worldwide. Even winemakers in Australia and America try to achieve comparable products with the same grape varieties ( Pinot noir , Pinot Meunier and Chardonnay ) and production methods. But even in their own country, the crémants from various regions of France are serious rivals in the market for luxury and joie de vivre. Due to the high global demand for champagne, the cultivation area has grown to around 33,000 hectares in the last few decades, which has almost reached its maximum extent.
The most important growing regions are Montagne de Reims , Côte des Blancs , Vallée de la Marne and Côte des Bar .
Alsace
The Alsace wine-growing region in northeastern France produces mostly single-variety wines with a unique character. Historically, the region belonged to Germany for a long time, and so wines were created in this area that combine the virtues of both countries. The relationship with Germany is evident in the fruitiness of Riesling , Muscat , Pinot gris and Gewürztraminer that is typical of the variety . The French character is reflected in the straight lines and power of the mostly dry wines.
All Alsatian wines are bottled in typical tall and slim bottles, the so-called flûtes , in accordance with the regulations . This is to prevent or at least make it more difficult to panch the wines afterwards , as is easily possible when selling barrels.
The Alsace forms a single Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée , the term Alsace Grand Cru designated individual layers .
law
The Jura wine-growing region is located in eastern France, between Burgundy and Switzerland. In this region - isolated from other wine-growing areas - unusual grape varieties, own traditions and cultivation techniques as well as idiosyncratic types of wine have been preserved.
Appellations: Arbois, Côtes du Jura , L'Etoile , Château-Chalon
Corsica
Corsica mainly produces table wines, the appellation "Vin de Corse" has only existed since 1976.
The Corsica wine enjoys wine only since historically short time a reputation as a secret and quality wine-producing region. Responsible for the late establishment of Corsica as a growing area for high-quality wines was primarily the immigration of numerous so-called " pieds-noirs " (Algerian-French) who settled on the island in the early 1960s after the lost Algerian war . They brought with them more modern cultivation and cellar techniques, but produced a rather inferior, very heavy wine. It was not until the 1980s that quality winegrowing began to gain a foothold in Corsica. In addition to the now nine AOC areas, the Mediterranean island also produces Vins de Pays of remarkable quality , such as the Vins de Pays de l'île de beauté .
Languedoc-Roussillon
Languedoc (wine-growing area) , Banyuls , Blanquette de Limoux , Clairette de Bellegarde , Clairette du Languedoc , Corbières , Costières de Nîmes , Coteaux du Languedoc , Côtes du Roussillon , Côtes du Roussillon-Villages , Faugères , Fitou , Maury , Minervois , Rivesaltes , Saint -Chinian , Vin Doux Naturel du Muscat, Muscat de Frontignan
Loire
Pays Nantais, Anjou-Saumur (including Anjou , Bonnezeaux , Saumur and Savennières ), Touraine (including Bourgueil , Chinon and Vouvray ), Sancerre
Lorraine
The Lorraine wine region is located in the east of France, more precisely in the departments of Moselle (Moselle department) and Meurthe-et-Moselle with the Côtes de Moselle around Metz and the Côtes de Toul .
Provence
The Provence wine-growing region stretches from Avignon to the Maritime Alps over an area that is both geologically and climatically very heterogeneous. Overall, a warm Mediterranean climate dominates, but the different altitudes and the influence of cold air currents overlay this basis. The wine-growing region has the four regional appellations Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence , Coteaux de Pierrevert , Coteaux Varois en Provence and Côtes de Provence as well as the five local appellations Bandol , Bellet , Cassis (Bouches-du-Rhône) , Les Baux- de Provence and Palette .
The focus of all wine production in Provence is on rosé wines. Depending on the appellation, the regional differences become clear. The AOC Cassis mainly produces white wines from the Clairette Blanche and Marsanne Blanche grape varieties . In the west of Provence, on the other hand, the Braquet Noir , Folle Noir and Cinsault grape varieties are mainly grown and developed into red and rosé wines.
Rhône
The Rhône wine-growing region consists of two very different regions: In the northern part, the Côtes du Rhône septentrionales , racy and storable, mostly single-variety wines from Syrah, Viognier, Marsanne and / or Roussanne grow on 4100 hectares, predominantly steep slopes . Appellations are Château-Grillet , Condrieu , Cornas , Côte-Rôtie , Crozes-Hermitage , Hermitage and Saint-Joseph .
In the southern part of the Rhone Valley, which is open to the Mediterranean, there is a Mediterranean climate. Mainly red wines are grown here on 69,000 hectares of cultivation area, and the Grenache grapes give them body and suppleness. Syrah and Mourvèdre give them a firmer structure. The top of the production is the Châteauneuf-du-Pape , France's most full-bodied wine. Other appellations are Gigondas , Lirac , Tavel , Vacqueyras , Beaumes-de-Venise , Vinsobres and Rasteau . However, the lion's share of production is accounted for by the regional and subregional appellations Côtes du Rhône , Côtes du Rhône Villages , Coteaux du Tricastin , Côtes du Ventoux , Côtes du Luberon and Côtes du Vivarais .
Savoy
Savoy is a white wine region where AOC and VDQS wines are produced.
southwest
Appellations as diverse as the Bergerac near the city of Bordeaux and Irouléguy at the foot of the Pyrenees (here called piémont ) with a total of around 15,000 hectares of cultivated area were combined under the name Sud-Ouest . The region combines some of the oldest wine-growing areas in France, but is less well known. Due to the geographically outstanding location of Bordeaux, the trade routes for export, which were usually handled via the port, were always used in favor of the Bordelais . Wines from Cahors were often used because of their deep color to improve the color structure of Bordeaux wine . The Sud-Ouest region was only able to cut itself off with the advent of rail connections and create its own marketing channels.
Appellations are Bergerac with Monbazillac , Montravel , Pécharmant and Saussignac , Buzet , Béarn , Cahors , Côtes du Brulhois (VDQS), de Côtes Duras , Côtes de Millau (VDQS), you Marmandais Cotes , Côtes de Saint-Mont , Fronton AOC , Vins d'Entraygues et du Fel (VDQS), Vins d'Estaing (VDQS), Gaillac , Irouléguy , Jurançon , Lavilledieu , Madiran , Marcillac , Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh , Tursan .
Typical grape varieties in the growing areas of France
According to statistics published by ONIVINS in 2009, the area planted for viticulture in 2008 was 846,015 hectares. A little more than 70% of this area is planted with red grape varieties. As part of the European Union's clearing programs, over 90,000 hectares of vineyards were cleared between 1988 and 2000. The Languedoc-Roussillon region was mainly affected by this.
For decades, the Carignan, which is mainly grown in this region, was the frontrunner in the list of grape varieties in France, but Merlot is now ranked number 1 of the most grown variety in France. The red Grenache variety is in second place.
The white variety Ugni Blanc takes third place . It provides a large part of the base wine for the cognac. This is followed by the red Syrah and Cabernet Sauvignon . Carignan has now dropped to sixth place. The first high-quality white grape variety, the Chardonnay, is only found in 7th place in the ranking .
Red wine varieties
- Abouriou 364 ha
- Aleatico
- Alicante Bouschet 4957 ha
- Alphonse-Lavallée 829 ha
- Aramon 2877 ha
- Arinarnoa 164 ha
- Arrouya
- Aubun 648 ha (Côteaux du Languedoc)
- Bachet Noir
- Barbaroux
- Béclan
- Béquignol
- Bouchalès
- Bouillet
- Bouquet grape
- Bouteillan Noir
- Braquet Noir (or Brachet)
- Brun Argenté
- Cabernet Franc 36,948 ha (Bordeaux, Loire)
- Cabernet Sauvignon 56,386 ha (Bordeaux (especially Médoc), Sud-Ouest, Touraine, Provence)
- Caladoc 2464 ha
- Calitor (Provence, Corsica)
- Carcajolo Noir
- Cardinal 217 ha
- Carignan 53,155 ha (Languedoc-Roussillon, Provence, Corsica)
- Carménère (Bordeaux, hardly used anymore)
- Castets
- César (Burgundy near Irancy )
- Chambourcin 758 ha
- Chatus (Ardèche)
- Chenanson 506 ha
- Cinsault 20,800 hectares (southern France, Corsica, etc.)
- Clairette Rose 260 ha
- Colobel
- Couderc Noir 214 ha
- Counoise 504 ha (Provence, Languedoc, Côtes du Rhône)
- Courbu Noir
- Duras 923 ha (Gaillac)
- Durif (Provence)
- Egiodola 271 ha
- Ekigaïna
- Étraire de la Dui
- Fer Servadou 1610 ha (South-Ouest)
- Feunate
- Florental
- Franc Noir de la Haute Saône
- Fuella
- Gamay 30,443 ha (Beaujolais, Loire, Savoie, Côtes du Marmandais, Gaillac)
- Gamay de Bouze 215 ha
- Gamay de Chaudenay 242 ha
- Gamay Fréaux
- Ganson
- Garonnet
- Gascon
- Gouget Noir
- Mournful
- Grassen
- Grenache 94,240 ha (South of France, Corsica)
- Grenache Gris 1699 ha
- Grolleau 2350 ha (Loire)
- Grolleau Gris 454 ha
- Joubertin two hectares (Savoy) - old estimate
- Jurançon Noir 706 ha
- Landal Noir
- Leon Millot
- Lival
- Lledoner Pelut 433 ha
- Malbec (Côt) 6155 ha (Bordeaux, Cahors, Buzet, Loire)
- Mancin
- Manseng Noir
- Maréchal Foch
- Marselan 2375 ha (Languedoc, Roussillon)
- Mérille 78 ha (South-Ouest)
- Merlot 115,746 ha (Bordeaux, especially Pomerol, Saint-Émilion)
- Milgranet
- Mollard
- Mondeuse 299 ha (Savoie, Bugey)
- Monerac
- Morrastel
- Mourvaison
- Mourvèdre 9,363 ha (Provence, Rhône, Corsica)
- Mouyssaguès
- Muresconu
- Muscardin (Châteauneuf-du-Pape)
- Muscat à petits grains noir
- Muscat de Hambourg 3504 ha
- Négrette 1227 ha (Fronton)
- Nielluccio 1589 ha (Corsica)
- Noir de Listan
- Noir Fleurien
- Oberlin Noir
- Petit Verdot 862 ha (Médoc)
- Pineau d'Aunis 435 ha (Loire)
- Pinot Meunier 11,088 ha (Champagne, Côtes de Toul)
- Pinot Noir 29,738 ha (Burgundy, Champagne, Alsace, Savoie, Touraine)
- Piquepoul Noir
- Plant Droit
- Planted 1105 ha
- Portan 311 ha
- Portugais bleu 88 ha
- Poulsard 311 ha (Jura)
- Prunelard 10 ha (Sud-Ouest)
- Ribol
- Roublot
- Rubilands
- Roussanne Languedoc
- Saint-Macaire
- Sciaccarello 773 ha (Corsica)
- Segalin
- Seinoir
- Semebat
- Servanin
- Syrah 68,587 ha (Rhône, Provence, Languedoc, Gaillac)
- Tannat 2914 ha (Béarn, Cahors, Madiran)
- Tempranillo 766 ha
- Téoulier
- Terret Noir 264 ha (Provence, Languedoc)
- Tibouren 443 ha
- Tressot
- Trousseau 172 ha (Jura)
- Valdiguié
- Varousset
- Villard Noir 1320 ha
White wine varieties
- Aligoté 1952 ha (Burgundy, Beaujolais, Savoie)
- Altesse 356 ha (Savoie)
- Aramon Blanc
- Aramon Gris
- Aranel
- Arbane
- Arbois 265 ha (Loir-et-Cher, Indre et Vienne)
- Arriloba
- Arrufiat
- Aubin Blanc
- Aubin Vert
- Auxerrois 2351 ha
- Baco Blanc 773 ha (Département Gers, Département Landes)
- Baroque (Sud-Ouest)
- Biancu Gentile
- Blanc lady
- Bourboulenc 596 ha (Provence, Languedoc)
- Calitor Blanc
- Calitor Gris
- Camaralet de Lasseube
- Carcajolo Blanc
- Carignan Blanc 411 ha
- Carignan Gris
- Chardonnay 45,243 ha (Burgundy, Beaujolais, Champagne and Crémant from Alsace, Savoie, Touraine)
- Chasan 801 ha (Languedoc, Roussillon)
- Chasselas 2445 ha (Alsace, Midi-Pyrenées, Savoie)
- Chenin Blanc 9828 ha (Loire, Limoux)
- Clairette Blanche 2405 ha (Languedoc)
- Clarin
- Clavery
- Codivarta
- Colombard 7790 ha ( Armagnac , Cognac , Bordeaux)
- Colombaud
- Courbu (Sud-Ouest)
- Crouchen (Sud-Ouest)
- Danlas 254 ha
- Elbling
- Folignan
- Folle Blanche 1770 ha (Armagnac, Cognac, Charentes)
- Genovèse
- Gewürztraminer 3083 ha (only allowed in Alsace and the Moselle department)
- Gold Riesling
- Graisse
- Grenache Blanc 4976 ha (Provence, Languedoc, Roussillon)
- Gringet
- Gros Manseng 2919 ha (Sud-Ouest)
- Gros Vert
- Isabelle (hardly used)
- Jacquère 1027 ha (Savoie, Bugey)
- Jurançon Blanc (Armagnac, Cognac, Charentes)
- Knipperlé
- Lauzet
- Len de l'El 640 ha (Gaillac)
- Liliorila
- Maccabeu 2628 ha (Roussillon, Languedoc)
- Malvoisie (Mediterranean region)
- Marsanne blanche 1341 ha (Rhône and others)
- Mauzac 1991 ha (Gaillac, "Blanquette" de Limoux )
- Mauzac Rose
- Mayorquin
- Melon de Bourgogne 12,364 ha (Beaujolais, Burgundy, Loire: Muscadet )
- Merlot Blanc 54 ha (Bordeaux)
- Meslier-Saint-François
- Molette (Savoie)
- Mondeuse Blanche
- Montils
- Müller-Thurgau
- Muscadelle ha ha (Bordeaux, Buzet, Gaillac, Sauternes)
- Muscat d'Alexandrie 2610 ha
- Muscat blanc à petits grains 7620 ha
- Muscat rose à petits grains (only allowed in Alsace)
- Muscat rouge à petits grains 314 ha
- Muscat Cendré
- Muscat Ottonel (only allowed in Alsace)
- Oeillade Blanche (Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Palette)
- Ondenc (Sud-Ouest)
- Paga Debiti
- Pascal Blanc
- Perdea
- Petit Courbu
- Petit Manseng 1019 ha (Sud-Ouest)
- Petit Meslier
- Pinot Blanc 1292 ha (Alsace, Champagne, Burgundy)
- Pinot Gris 2617 ha (Alsace, Burgundy, Moselle)
- Piquepoul Blanc 1455 ha ( Languedoc )
- Piquepoul Gris
- Précoce Bousquet
- Précoce de Malingre
- Raffiat de Moncade
- Ravat Blanc
- Rayon d'Or
- Riesling 3490 ha (only allowed in Alsace and the Moselle department)
- Rimini
- Rolle 3126 ha (Bellet, Corsica)
- Romorantin (Cour-Cheverny, Valençay)
- Rosé du Var
- Roublot
- Roussanne 1352 ha (Savoie, Rhône, Languedoc)
- Roussette d'Ayze
- Sacy
- Saint-Pierre Doré
- Savagnin 481 ha (Jura)
- Savagnin Rose (only allowed in Alsace for Klevener de Heiligenstein )
- Sauvignon Blanc 26,839 ha (Bordeaux, Marmande, Loire, Provence)
- Sauvignon Gris 463 ha
- Select
- Sémillon 11,693 ha (Sud-Ouest, Sauternes , Provence)
- Servant
- Seyval Blanc
- Sylvaner 1399 ha (only allowed in Alsace and Moselle department)
- Terret Blanc 1451 ha
- Terret Gris 128 ha
- Tourbat
- Ugni Blanc 83,892 ha (Bordeaux, Charentes, Cognac, Armagnac, Mediterranean area)
- Valérien
- Velteliner rouge précoce
- Verdesse (Savoie)
- Vermentino 3569 ha (Provence, Languedoc, Corsica)
- Villard Blanc 309 ha
- Viognier 4395 ha (Rhône, Languedoc, Roussillon)
Source: ONIVINS, Statistics 2009 , as well as the list of classifications of grape varieties for wine production according to Article 20 of Regulation (EC) 1227/2000, as of November 2007
List of appellations
List of French AOC wines
AOC | Wine-growing region | Status since | Vineyard area in ha |
Amount produced in hl |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ajaccio | Corsica | April 3, 1984 | 243 | 8800 | Before 1984 the wines were marketed under the names Vin de Corses-Ajaccio or Vin de Corse-Coteaux d'Ajaccio. Almost exclusively red and rosé wines are grown . |
Aloxe-Corton | Burgundy | March 11, 1938 | 121 | 4971 | Almost exclusively red wines from the Pinot noir grape variety and a little white wine from Chardonnay are grown . |
Alsace | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | The designation of origin had had a special status since 1921, which was not officially confirmed until November 2, 1945. | ||
Alsace Edelzwicker | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 23,080 | Blend of Pinot Blanc , Auxerrois , Silvaner and Gutedel | |
Alsace Gewürztraminer | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 2522 | 172.159 | Belongs to the Alsace Denomination of Origin. Pure wine made from the Gewürztraminer grape variety is offered under this name . |
Alsace Grand Cru | Alsace | 20th November 1975 | |||
Alsace Grand Cru Altenberg de Bergbieten | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 29.07 | mainly planted with Riesling and Gewürztraminer | |
Alsace Grand Cru Altenberg de Bergheim | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 35.06 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer | |
Alsace Grand Cru Altenberg de Bergheim | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 31.20 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer | |
Alsace Grand Cru Brand | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 57.95 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Blanc | |
Alsace Grand Cru Eichberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 57.62 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Engelberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 14.80 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Florimont | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 21.00 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Frankstein | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 56.20 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Froehn | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 14.60 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Principality | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 30.50 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Geisberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 8.53 | mainly planted with Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Gloeckelberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 23.40 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Goldert | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 45.35 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Hatschbourg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 47.36 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru stallion | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 75.78 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kanzlerberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 3.23 | mainly planted with Riesling , Pinot Gris and Gewürztraminer | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kaefferkopf | Alsace | January 12, 2007 | 71.65 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris; Exceptions apply, as blends are allowed | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kastelberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 5.82 | mainly planted with Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kessler | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 28.53 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kirchberg de Barr | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 40.63 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kirchberg de Ribeauvillé | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 11.40 | mainly planted with Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Kitterlé | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 25.79 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Mambourg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 61.85 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Mandelberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 24.50 | mainly planted with Riesling and Gewürztraminer | |
Alsace Grand Cru Marckrain | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 53.35 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Moenchberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 11.83 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Muenchberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 17.70 | mainly planted with Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Ollwiller | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 35.86 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Osterberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 24.60 | mainly planted with Riesling and Gewürztraminer | |
Alsace Grand Cru Pfersichberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 74.55 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Pfingstberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 28.15 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Praelatenberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 18.70 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Rangen | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 18.81 | mainly planted with Pinot Gris , Riesling and Gewürztraminer ; southernmost Grand Cru location in Alsace | |
Alsace Grand Cru Rosacker | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 26.18 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Saering | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 26.75 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Schlossberg | Alsace | 20th November 1975 | 80.28 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Schoenenbourg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 53.40 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Sommerberg | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 28.36 | mainly planted with Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru sun shine | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 32.80 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru mirror | Alsace | November 23, 1983 | 18.26 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Spurs | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 23.70 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Steinert | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 38.90 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Steingrubler | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 22.94 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru stone block | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 40.60 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Vorbourg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 72.55 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Wiebelsberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 12.52 | planted exclusively with Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Wineck-Schlossberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 27.40 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Winzenberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 19.20 | mainly planted with Riesling , Gewürztraminer and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Grand Cru Zinnkoepflé | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 68.40 | Mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Pinot Gris and Riesling | |
Alsace Grand Cru Zotzenberg | Alsace | 17th December 1992 | 36.45 | mainly planted with Gewürztraminer , Riesling and Pinot Gris | |
Alsace Klevener de Heiligenstein | Alsace | 2nd January 1970 | 40 | 2893 | belongs to the designation of origin Alsace |
Alsace Muscat | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 342 | 24,680 | belongs to the designation of origin Alsace |
Alsace Pinot noir | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 967 | 65,911 | Belongs to the Alsace Denomination of Origin. Single-origin wine made from the Pinot Noir grape is offered under this name . |
Alsace Pinot or Alsace Klevner | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 1586 | 127,611 | belongs to the designation of origin Alsace; under this name, single-variety wine of the grape varieties Pinot Blanc or Auxerrois |
Alsace Riesling | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 2705 | 215,656 | belongs to the designation of origin Alsace; under this name single-variety wine of the Riesling grape variety |
Alsace Sylvaner | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 1425 | 109,357 | belongs to the designation of origin Alsace; under this name, single-variety wine made from the Silvaner grape variety |
Alsace Pinot Gris | Alsace | 3rd October 1962 | 1794 | 124,541 | belongs to the designation of origin Alsace; under this name pure wine of the grape variety Pinot Gris (the name Tokay no longer allowed) |
Anjou | Loire | September 9, 1937 | 4693 | 270.457 | 85 percent of the production is red wine. The most important grape varieties are Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon . When it comes to white wine, Chenin Blanc is the leading variety. |
Anjou-Coteaux de la Loire | Loire | August 26, 1946 | 32 | 753 | |
Anjou-Gamay | Loire | September 9, 1937 | 177 | 9144 | Single varietal red wine made from Gamay grapes. The geographical definition of the appellation is identical to the Anjou wine-growing region. |
Anjou Villages | Loire | October 14, 1987 | 136 | 5744 | The geographical definition of the appellation is synonymous with the core area of the Anjou wine-growing region. Only red wine of the leading variety Cabernet Franc is produced, which is blended to a small extent with Cabernet Sauvignon. |
Anjou Villages Brissac | Loire | February 17, 1998 | 71 | 2998 | Small area around Château Brissac. Only red wine of the leading variety Cabernet Franc is produced, which is blended to a small extent with Cabernet Sauvignon. |
Arbois | law | May 15, 1936 | 805 | 35,966 | |
Arbois pupillin | law | May 15, 1936 | |||
Auxey Duresses | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 134 | 5607 | |
Bandol | Provence | November 11, 1941 | 1691 | 58,224 | |
Banyuls | Languedoc | May 19, 1972 | 1160 | 28,500 | |
Banyuls Grand Cru | Languedoc | May 19, 1972 | - | - | Harvest volume and area included in the Banyuls Denomination of Origin |
Barsac | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | 464 | 9460 | |
Bâtard-Montrachet | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 11.8327 | 531 | Grand cru location in the communes of Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet |
Bearn | Sud-Ouest | 17th October 1975 | |||
Beaujolais | Beaujolais | September 12, 1937 | 8439 | 367,495 | Only two percent of the wine is made up of white wine. |
Beaujolais Villages | Beaujolais | September 12, 1937 | 5836 | 269,431 | |
Beaumes-de-Venise | Rhône | October 25, 2005 | 541 | 17,949 | Before being upgraded in 2005, Beaumes-de-Venise was part of the Côtes du Rhône Villages Denomination of Origin. |
Beaune | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 420 | 15,600 | 85% of production is accounted for by red wine. |
Bellet | Provence | November 11, 1941 | 48 | 1056 | |
Bergerac | Sud-Ouest | September 11, 1936 | 10,002 | 500,562 | |
Bergerac sec | Sud-Ouest | September 11, 1936 | - | - | Area and quantity included in the Bergerac Denomination of Origin |
Bergerac rosé | Sud-Ouest | September 11, 1936 | - | - | Area and quantity included in the Bergerac Denomination of Origin |
Bienvenues-Bâtard-Montrachet | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 3.7 | 177 | |
Blanquette de Limoux | Languedoc | April 13, 1981 | |||
Blanquette méthode ancestrale | Languedoc | April 13, 1981 | |||
Blaye | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | 67 | 3236 | |
Bonnes-Mares | Burgundy | December 8, 1936 | 16.9027 | 605 | Grand Cru location in the communes of Morey-Saint-Denis and Chambolle-Musigny |
Bonnezeaux | Loire | November 6, 1951 | 90 | 1770 | |
Bordeaux | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 63,794 | 3,545,439 | |
Bordeaux clairet | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | - | - | |
Bordeaux Cotes de Francs | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | - | - | |
Bordeaux moelleux | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | - | - | |
Bordeaux rosé | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | - | - | |
Bordeaux sec | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | - | - | |
Bordeaux supérieur | Bordeaux | October 14, 1943 | - | - | |
Bourgogne | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 1696 | 113.099 | |
Bourgogne Aligoté | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | - | - | Area under vines and quantity included in the survey for the Bourgogne appellation |
Bourgogne clairet | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | - | - | |
Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 120 | 6085 | Red wine and rosé account for 85% of the amount. |
Bourgogne Hautes-Côtes de Beaune | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 754 | 35,815 | 85% of the amount is red wine. |
Bourgogne Hautes-Côtes de Nuits | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 675 | 26,986 | 80% of the amount is red wine. |
Bourgogne Passetoutgrain | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 713 | 37,913 | The growing area is congruent with the Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire. Only red wine and rosé of the Pinot Noir and Gamay varieties are permitted. |
Bourgogne rosé | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | |||
Bourgueil | Loire | July 31, 1937 | 1407 | 71,104 | |
Bouzeron | Burgundy | February 17, 1998 | 52 | 3190 | Since 1937 there was an appellation of the name Bourgogne-Aligoté-Bouzeron. |
Brouilly | Beaujolais | October 19, 1938 | 1328 | 67,652 | |
Buzet | Sud-Ouest | April 19, 1973 | 2091 | 115.003 | Originally known as Côtes de Buzet, the short name Buzet was introduced in 1986. |
Cabardès | Languedoc | February 12, 1999 | 400 | 18.003 | known as Côtes du Cabardès et de l'Orbiel prior to being upgraded to AOC |
Cabernet d'Anjou | Loire | May 9, 1964 | 4434 | 262,305 | |
Cabernet de Saumur | Loire | May 9, 1964 | 85 | 5251 | |
Cadillac | Bordeaux | August 10, 1973 | 204 | 6186 | |
Cahors | Sud-Ouest | April 15, 1971 | 4050 | 155,370 | |
Canon Fronsac | Bordeaux | July 1, 1939 | 282 | 12,773 | Originally known as the Côtes Canon Fronsac, the now known name Canon Fronsac was introduced in 1964. |
Cassis | Provence | May 15, 1936 | 198 | 7660 | |
Cérons | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | 53 | 1335 | |
chablis | Burgundy | January 13, 1938 | 3156 | 187.152 | |
Chablis Grand Cru | Burgundy | January 13, 1938 | 104 | 5256 | |
Chablis Premier Cru | Burgundy | January 13, 1938 | 767 | 43.903 | |
Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 12.9 | 448 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Chambertin-Clos-de-Bèze | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 13.4 | 459 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Chambolle-Musigny | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 152 | 5500 | |
Champagne | Champagne | June 29, 1936 | 2,679,602 | ||
Chapelle-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 5.387 | 172 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Charmes-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 31.6 | 1192 | |
Chassagne-Montrachet | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 293 | 15.092 | |
Château-Chalon | law | May 29, 1936 | 50 | 1525 | |
Château-Grillet | Rhône | December 8, 1936 | |||
Châteauneuf-du-Pape | Rhône | May 15, 1936 | 3153 | 102,782 | |
Châtillon-en-Diois | Rhône | March 3, 1975 | 42 | 1899 | |
Chaume | Loire | September 19, 2003 | Until 2003 and between 2005 and 2007 only one municipal appellate within the designation of origin Coteaux du Layon. Founded in 2003 under the name Chaume Premier Cru des Coteaux du Layon, the correct name has only been Chaume since 2007. | ||
Chénas | Beaujolais | September 11, 1936 | 249 | 12,098 | |
Chevalier-Montrachet | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 7.145 | 336 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Puligny-Montrachet |
Cheverny | Loire | March 26, 1993 | 525 | 24,586 | |
Quinone | Loire | July 31, 1937 | 2351 | 110.604 | 99 percent of production is red and rosé wine |
Chiroubles | Beaujolais | September 11, 1936 | 366 | 18,038 | |
Chorey-les-Beaune | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | |||
Clairette de Bellegarde | Languedoc | June 28, 1949 | 25th | 1074 | |
Clairette de Die | Rhône | March 26, 1993 | 1401 | 84.272 | |
Clairette du Languedoc | Languedoc | April 12, 1965 | 60 | 2487 | |
Clos des Lambrays | Burgundy | April 27, 1981 | 8.8394 | 250 | Before its promotion, a Premier Cru plant in Morey-Saint-Denis |
Clos de la Roche | Burgundy | December 8, 1936 | 16.9027 | 605 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Morey-Saint-Denis |
Clos de Tart | Burgundy | January 4, 1939 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Morey-Saint-Denis | ||
Clos de Vougeot | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 50.2240 | 1640 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vougeot |
Clos Saint-Denis | Burgundy | December 8, 1936 | 6.6260 | 225 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Morey-Saint-Denis |
Collioure | Languedoc | 3rd December 1971 | 619 | 19,930 | |
Condrieu | Rhône | April 27, 1940 | 130 | 4756 | |
Corbières | Languedoc | December 24, 1985 | 13,187 | 551.773 | |
Corbières -Boutenac | Languedoc | May 20, 2005 | 245 | 8926 | |
Cornas | Rhône | August 5, 1938 | 111 | 3961 | |
Corse or Vin de Corse | Corsica | April 2, 1976 | |||
Corton | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | |||
Corton-Charlemagne | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | |||
Costières de Nîmes | Rhône | 4th July 1986 | 4354 | 236,578 | Originally founded under the name Costières du Gard, the wine-growing area received its current name in 1989. In 2004 the area was assigned to the Rhône wine region, although geographically located in Languedoc. |
Cote de Beaune | Burgundy | 5th December 1972 | 37 | 1219 | Rarely used designation of origin |
Cote de Beaune-Villages | Burgundy | 5th December 1972 | - | 369 | Rarely used designation of origin. Not to be confused with the appellation Côte de Nuits-Villages. |
Cote de Brouilly | Beaujolais | October 19, 1938 | 315 | 16,235 | |
Côte de Nuits-Villages | Burgundy | 20th August 1964 | 162 | 6523 | |
Cote Roannaise | Loire | February 14, 1994 | 220 | 10,000 | |
Côte-Rôtie | Rhône | October 18, 1940 | 234 | 9769 | |
Coteaux Champenois | Champagne | August 21, 1974 | |||
Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence | Provence | December 24, 1985 | 4718 | 196.165 | |
Coteaux-de-die | Rhône | March 26, 1993 | - | - | The designation of origin is hardly used. The area is congruent with the Clairette de Die appellation, but applies to still wine. |
Coteaux-de-l'Aubance | Loire | February 18, 1950 | 164 | 4612 | |
Coteaux de Pierrevert | Provence | July 1, 1998 | 360 | 15,541 | |
Coteaux de Saumur | Loire | December 30, 1942 | 8.4 | 150 | |
Coteaux du Giennois | Loire | May 15, 1998 | 191 | 8396 | |
Coteaux du Languedoc | Languedoc | December 24, 1985 | 9522 | 398.780 | Since the 2007 vintage, the designation of origin has only been known under the name Languedoc. |
Coteaux du Layon | Loire | February 18, 1950 | 1645 | 44,534 | |
Coteaux du Loir | Loire | May 12, 1948 | 76 | 2504 | |
Coteaux du Lyonnais | Beaujolais | May 9, 1984 | 335 | 15,593 | |
Coteaux du Tricastin | Rhône | July 27, 1973 | 2342 | 125.154 | |
Coteaux du Vendômois | Loire | May 2, 2001 | 153 | 7224 | |
Coteaux Varois en Provence | Provence | March 26, 1993 | 2286 | 101,521 | |
Cotes de Bergerac | Sud-Ouest | September 11, 1936 | - | - | |
Cotes de Bergerac Blanc | Sud-Ouest | September 11, 1936 | - | - | |
Cotes de Blaye | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | Originally part of the Blaye Denomination of Origin | ||
Cotes de Bourg | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | 3910 | 212.983 | Initially only for red wine, from 1941 also for white wine |
Cotes de Castillon | Bordeaux | February 9, 1989 | 2966 | 145,626 | |
Cotes de Duras | Sud-Ouest | February 16, 1937 | 1943 | 111,660 | |
Cotes de la Malepère | Languedoc | May 2, 2007 | 384 | 18,521 | |
Cotes de Provence | Provence | October 24, 1977 | 23,380 | 1,108,610 | |
Côtes de Toul | Eastern France | March 31, 1998 | 57 | 2544 | |
Cotes du Forez | Loire | February 23, 2000 | 168 | 7433 | |
Côtes du Jura | law | July 31, 1937 | 528 | 20,540 | |
Cotes du Luberon | Rhône | February 26, 1988 | 3060 | 123,500 | |
Cotes du Marmandais | Sud-Ouest | April 2, 1990 | 1314 | 67,387 | |
Cotes de Montravel | Sud-Ouest | July 31, 1937 | 30th | 1169 | |
Côtes du Rhône | Rhône | November 19, 1937 | 41,220 | 1,789,670 | The share of white wines is barely three percent of the amount produced |
Côtes du Rhône Villages | Rhône | 2nd November 1966 | 7890 | 298,951 | The share of white wines is barely two percent of the amount produced |
Côtes du Roussillon | Languedoc | March 28, 1977 | 5770 | 215,500 | |
Côtes du Roussillon Villages | Languedoc | March 28, 1977 | 2270 | 67,500 | |
Cotes du Ventoux | Rhône | July 27, 1973 | 6400 | 287,486 | |
Cotes du Vivarais | Rhône | September 23, 1999 | 439 | 18,485 | |
Cour-Cheverny | Loire | March 24, 1993 | 51 | 1826 | |
Crémant d'Alsace | Alsace | August 24, 1976 | 3017 | 235.705 | |
Crémant de Bordeaux | Bordeaux | April 3, 1990 | 19,560 | ||
Crémant de Bourgogne | Burgundy | 17th October 1975 | 107.710 | ||
Crémant de Die | Rhône | March 26, 1993 | 1993 | ||
Crémant du Jura | law | October 9, 1995 | |||
Crémant de Limoux | Languedoc | August 21, 1990 | 25,136 | ||
Crémant de Loire | Loire | 17th October 1975 | 89,563 | ||
Crepy | Savoie | April 29, 1948 | 46 | 2466 | |
Criots-Bâtard-Montrachet | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | |||
Crozes Hermitage | Rhône | March 4, 1937 | 1411 | 61,773 | |
Échezeaux | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 36.2583 | 1235 | Grand cru location in the municipality of Flagey-Échézeaux |
Entre deux mers | Bordeaux | July 31, 1937 | 1391 | 86,441 | |
Faugères | Languedoc | May 5th 1982 | 2004 | 68,733 | |
Fitou | Languedoc | April 28, 1948 | 2590 | 90.023 | |
Fixin | Burgundy | December 8, 1936 | 95 | 4013 | |
Fleurie | Beaujolais | September 11, 1936 | 871 | 43,792 | |
Fronsac | Bordeaux | March 4, 1937 | 827 | 39.110 | Created in 1937 under the name Côtes de Fronsac, the name was simplified in 1976. |
Floc de Gascogne | Sud-Ouest | 1990 | |||
Fronton | Sud-Ouest | 7th February 1975 | 2060 | 97.242 | Founded in 1975 under the name of Côtes du Frontonnais , the name was simplified in 2005. |
Gaillac | Sud-Ouest | March 21, 1938 | 3923 | 160,000 | |
Gevrey-Chambertin | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 410 | 17,435 | |
Gigondas | Rhône | January 6, 1971 | 1233 | 40,345 | |
Givry | Burgundy | February 8, 1946 | 261 | 13,100 | |
Grand Échezeaux | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 9.1445 | 285 | Grand cru location in the municipality of Flagey-Échézeaux |
Graves | Bordeaux | March 4, 1937 | 3882 | 180.266 | |
Graves de Vayres | Bordeaux | July 31, 1937 | 545 | 28,239 | |
Graves Supérieures | Bordeaux | March 4, 1937 | - | - | |
Griotte-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 5.4805 | 91 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Haut-Médoc | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 4765 | 242,315 | |
Haut-Montravel | Sud-Ouest | July 31, 1937 | - | - | |
Hermitage | Rhône | March 4, 1937 | 136 | 4835 | |
Irancy | Burgundy | February 26, 1999 | 166 | 7916 | Known as Bourgogne Irancy since 1937 |
Irouléguy | Sud-Ouest | October 23, 1970 | 214 | 6380 | |
Jasnieres | Loire | July 31, 1937 | 400 | 2240 | Only about 40 hectares of the approved vineyards are used. |
Juliénas | Beaujolais | March 11, 1938 | 594 | 29,913 | |
Jurançon | Sud-Ouest | December 8, 1936 | 932 | 32,688 | |
Jurançon sec | Sud-Ouest | December 8, 1936 | 165 | 6606 | |
L'Étoile | law | July 31, 1937 | 56 | 2411 | |
Ladoix | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 77 | 4039 | |
La Grande Rue | Burgundy | 2nd July 1992 | 1.6525 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vosne-Romanée | |
Lalande-de-Pomerol | Bordeaux | December 8, 1936 | 1182 | 53,310 | |
La Romanée | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 0.8345 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vosne-Romanée | |
La Tâche | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 6,019 | 178 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vosne-Romanée |
Latricières-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 6,939 | 277 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Les Baux-de-Provence | Provence | April 20, 1995 | 299 | 6522 | Part of the Denomination of Origin Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence before upgrading |
Limoux | Languedoc | May 13, 1981 | 194 | 8097 | |
Lirac | Rhône | October 14, 1947 | 661 | 21,478 | |
Listrac | Bordeaux | June 8, 1957 | 600 | 30,639 | |
Loupiac | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | 390 | 12,635 | |
Lussac-Saint-Emilion | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 1475 | 77,865 | |
Mâcon | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 1940 | 119,786 | |
Mâcon supérieur | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | - | - | |
Mâcon villages | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 1781 | 117,416 | |
Macvin du Jura | law | November 14, 1991 | 64 | 4444 | |
Madiran | Sud-Ouest | July 19, 1948 | 1273 | 61,738 | |
Maranges | Burgundy | May 23, 1989 | 176 | 7191 | Almost exclusively red wine is produced. Almost half of the production comes from Premier Cru vineyards. |
Marcillac | Sud-Ouest | April 2, 1990 | |||
Margaux | Bordeaux | August 10, 1954 | 1424 | 68,073 | |
Marsannay | Burgundy | May 19, 1987 | 215 | 9482 | |
Maury | Languedoc | May 19, 1972 | 280 | 6600 | |
Mazis-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 12,592 | 330 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Mazoyères-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 1.56 | 56 | Grand Cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin. Usually marketed under the name Charmes-Chambertin. |
Médoc | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 5754 | 303.058 | |
Menetou salon | Loire | January 23, 1959 | 549 | 25.902 | |
Mercurey | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 644 | 25,884 | |
Meursault | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 386 | 19,372 | White wine accounts for more than 96 percent of production. |
Minervois | Languedoc | February 15, 1985 | 4172 | 174.183 | |
Minervois-La-Livinière | Languedoc | February 12, 1999 | 201 | 7142 | |
Monbazillac | Sud-Ouest | May 15, 1936 | 1949 | 44,152 | |
Montagne-Saint-Emilion | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 1583 | 80,790 | |
Montagny | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 308 | 17,898 | |
Monthelie | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 129 | 5104 | |
Montlouis | Loire | December 6, 1938 | 385 | 15,539 | |
Montrachet | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 8th | 334 | |
Montravel | Sud-Ouest | July 31, 1937 | - | - | |
Morey-Saint-Denis | Burgundy | December 8, 1936 | 94 | 3791 | |
Morgon | Beaujolais | September 11, 1936 | 1079 | 56.096 | |
Moulin à Vent | Beaujolais | September 11, 1936 | 663 | 33,071 | |
Moulis | Bordeaux | May 14, 1938 | 614 | 29,902 | |
Muscadet | Loire | September 23, 1937 | 3094 | 200,752 | |
Muscadet-Coteaux de la Loire | Loire | November 14, 1936 | 208 | 11,212 | |
Muscadet-Cotes de Grandlieu | Loire | December 29, 1994 | 259 | 13,717 | |
Muscadet Sèvre et Maine | Loire | November 14, 1936 | 8365 | 469,637 | Alternative spelling Muscadet de Sèvre et Maine |
Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise | Rhône | June 1, 1945 | 503 | 12,324 | |
Muscat de Frontignan | Languedoc | May 31, 1936 | 812 | 19,666 | |
Muscat de Lunel | Languedoc | October 27, 1943 | 321 | 8206 | |
Muscat de Mireval | Languedoc | December 28, 1959 | 275 | 6211 | |
Muscat de Rivesaltes | Languedoc | May 19, 1972 | 5221 | 106,765 | |
Muscat de Saint-Jean-de-Minervois | Languedoc | November 10, 1949 | 185 | 5522 | |
Muscat du Cap Corse | Corsica | March 26, 1993 | 89 | 1977 | |
Musigny | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 15.144 | Grand Cru location in Chambolle-Musigny | |
Nuits-Saint-Georges | Burgundy | 5th December 1972 | 306 | 12,468 | |
Orleans | Loire | November 23, 2006 | 83 | 2105 | |
Orléans-Cléry | Loire | November 23, 2006 | 28 | 848 | |
Pacherenc du Vic-Bilh Sec | Sud-Ouest | July 19, 1948 | 260 | 10,510 | |
palette | Provence | April 28, 1948 | 48 | 1745 | |
Patrimonio | Corsica | October 23, 1984 | 418 | 16,140 | part of the Vin du Corse appellation before promotion |
Pauillac | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 1204 | 58,083 | |
Pécharmant | Sud-Ouest | March 12, 1946 | 418 | 14,864 | |
Pernand-Vergelesses | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 133 | 5776 | |
Pessac-Léognan | Bordeaux | September 9, 1987 | 1610 | 71,146 | |
Petit Chablis | Burgundy | 1944 | 729 | 42,892 | |
Pineau des Charentes | Charente | 1945 | |||
Pomerol | Bordeaux | December 8, 1936 | 769 | 33,024 | |
Pommard | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 317 | 12,258 | |
Pouilly-Fuissé | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 757 | 44,067 | |
Pouilly fumé | Loire | July 31, 1937 | 1190 | 70,412 | alternative spelling: Blanc Fumé de Pouilly . |
Pouilly-Loché | Burgundy | April 27, 1940 | 32 | 1885 | |
Pouilly-sur-Loire | Loire | July 31, 1937 | 34 | 1987 | |
Pouilly-Vinzelles | Burgundy | April 27, 1940 | 53 | 2963 | |
Premières Côtes de Blaye | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | - | - | Part of the Blaye Denomination of Origin prior to promotion |
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux | Bordeaux | July 31, 1937 | 3683 | 179,892 | |
Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion | Bordeaux | November 17, 1936 | 761 | 37,444 | |
Puligny-Montrachet | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 205 | 10,848 | White wine accounts for more than 98 percent of production. |
Quarts de Chaume | Loire | August 10, 1954 | 44 | 687 | |
Quincy | Loire | August 6, 1936 | 224 | 12,294 | |
Rasteau | Rhône | November 2010 | 938 | 29,943 | The dry red wine has had AOC status since 2010, the Vin Doux Naturel (VDN, natural sweet wine) since 1944. |
Régnié | Beaujolais | December 20, 1988 | 374 | 20,095 | |
Reuilly | Loire | September 9, 1937 | 187 | 8941 | |
Richebourg | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 7.9940 | 268 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vosne-Romanée |
Rivesaltes | Languedoc | December 29, 1997 | 5181 | 107,928 | |
Romanée-Conti | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 1.8050 | 46 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vosne-Romanée |
Romanée-Saint-Vivant | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 9.5430 | 307 | Grand Cru location in the municipality of Vosne-Romanée |
Rosé de Loire | Loire | 4th September 1974 | 1208 | 67,623 | |
Rosé des Riceys | Champagne | 2nd February 1971 | - | 360 | |
rosette | Sud-Ouest | March 12, 1946 | 10.6 | 402 | |
Roussette de Savoie | Savoie | 4th September 1973 | 48 | 2425 | |
Ruchottes-Chambertin | Burgundy | July 31, 1937 | 3.191 | 111 | Grand cru location in Gevrey-Chambertin |
Rully | Burgundy | June 13, 1939 | 347 | 15,618 | |
Saint-Amour | Beaujolais | February 8, 1946 | 323 | 16,479 | |
Saint-Aubin | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 162 | 7783 | More than 70 percent of the production is made up of white wine, which mainly comes from Premier Cru sites. |
Saint-Bris | Burgundy | January 10, 2003 | 115 | 6524 | before promotion as VDQS wine Sauvignon de Saint-Bris known |
Saint-Chinian | Languedoc | May 5th 1982 | 3261 | 138,218 | |
Saint-Emilion | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 1885 | 101,630 | |
Saint-Emilion Grand Cru | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 3677 | 164.188 | |
Saint-Estèphe | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 1237 | 63,440 | |
Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 200 | 10,888 | |
Saint-Joseph | Rhône | June 15, 1956 | 1096 | 41.094 | |
Saint-Julien | Bordeaux | November 14, 1936 | 906 | 44,813 | |
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil | Loire | July 31, 1937 | 1073 | 58,224 | |
Saint-Péray | Rhône | December 8, 1936 | 71 | 2299 | |
Saint-Pourçain | Loire | May 28, 2009 | 543 | 24.205 | Since 1951 the area had the status of a VDQS. |
Saint-Romain | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 98 | 4515 | |
Saint-Véran | Burgundy | January 6, 1971 | 665 | 41,425 | |
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont | Bordeaux | September 11, 1936 | 381 | 13.003 | |
Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux | Bordeaux | July 31, 1937 | 279 | 12,749 | |
Sancerre | Loire | November 14, 1936 | 2748 | 164.025 | |
Santenay | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 329 | 13,602 | More than 80 percent of production is red wine. The municipal appellation has 19 Premier Cru sites. |
Saumur | Loire | November 14, 1936 | 2580 | 157.757 | |
Saumur-Champigny | Loire | November 14, 1936 | 1517 | 87,661 | |
Saumur Mousseux | Loire | August 24, 1976 | |||
Saussignac | Sud-Ouest | April 28, 1982 | 49 | 771 | |
Sauternes | Bordeaux | September 30, 1936 | 1620 | ||
Savennières | Loire | December 8, 1952 | 149 | 4163 | |
Savennières-Coulée-de-Serrant | Loire | December 8, 1952 | - | - | |
Savennières-Roche-aux-Moines | Loire | December 8, 1952 | - | - | |
Savigny-lès-Beaune | Burgundy | May 21, 1970 | 350 | 14,353 | |
Seyssel | Savoie | February 11, 1942 | 83 | 4454 | |
Tavel | Rhône | May 15, 1936 | 933 | 38,933 | |
Touraine | Loire | December 24, 1939 | 4475 | 248.391 | Until 1953 the name was Coteaux de Touraine . |
Touraine-Amboise | Loire | December 24, 1939 | 167 | 8352 | |
Touraine-Azay-le-Rideau | Loire | December 24, 1939 | 54 | 1864 | |
Touraine-Mesland | Loire | December 24, 1939 | 80 | 3720 | |
Touraine Noble Joué | Loire | April 12, 2001 | 28 | 1685 | |
Vacqueyras | Rhône | April 30, 2001 | 391 | 45,579 | |
Valençay | Loire | March 17, 2004 | 139 | 6800 | |
Vin de Savoie | Savoie | 4th September 1973 | 1982 | 128,965 | |
Viré-Clessé | Burgundy | February 26, 1999 | 386 | 22,000 | Since 1937, Mâcon-Clessé and Mâcon-Viré have been sub-regions of the Mâcon designation of origin. |
Vinsobres | Rhône | February 15, 2006 | 386 | 14,333 | Part of the Côtes du Rhône Villages Denomination of Origin before being upgraded to AOC |
Volnay | Burgundy | September 9, 1937 | 223 | 8950 | |
Vosne-Romanée | Burgundy | September 11, 1936 | 150 | 6160 | |
Vougeot | Burgundy | December 8, 1936 | 16.4 | 601 | |
Vouvray | Loire | December 8, 1936 | 2176 | 129,818 |
List of French VDQS wines
VDQS | Wine-growing region | Status since | Vineyard area in ha |
Amount produced in hl |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bugey | Bugey | 1963 | 490 | 30335 | |
Châteaumeillant | Loire | 1965 | 91 | 3956 | |
Coteaux d'Ancenis | Loire | 1973 | 166 | 10001 | |
Coteaux du Quercy | Sud-Ouest | 1999 | 300 | 13290 | |
Côtes d'Auvergne | Loire | 1977 | 357 | 13933 | |
Cotes de Millau | Sud-Ouest | 1994 | 56 | 2030 | |
Cotes du Brulhois | Sud-Ouest | 1984 | 194 | 8787 | |
Fiefs Vendéens | Loire | 1984 | 439 | 20036 | |
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais | Loire | 1954 | 1372 | 79380 | formerly also known as Gros Plant . |
Haut-Poitou | Loire | 1970 | 507 | 29090 | |
Moselle | Lorraine | 1951 | 42 | 1648 | |
Roussette du Bugey | Bugey | 1963 | |||
Cotes de Saint-Mont | Sud-Ouest | 1981 | 1149 | 76724 | The name Saint-Mont has been official since the vintage. |
Saint-Sardos | Sud-Ouest | 2005 | 104 | 5492 | |
Tursan | Sud-Ouest | 1958 | 300 | 16532 | |
Vins du Thouarsais | Loire | 1966 | |||
Vins d'Entraygues et du Fel | Sud-Ouest | 1965 | 21st | 718 | |
Vins d'Estaing | Sud-Ouest | 1965 | 18th | 656 | |
Vins de Lavilledieu | Sud-Ouest | 1954 | 56 | 2228 |
literature
- Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon (Ed.): Hachette Wine Atlas France . Droemer, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-426-26422-6
- Benoît France (ed.): Grand Atlas des Vignobles de France . Solar, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-263-03242-8
Web links
- The wine-growing regions of France (French)
- French winemakers yearbook (multilingual)
- French wines and wine areas (english)
- The French wines
- Official Site of Chablis wine
- Wine and viticulture in Corsica at korsika.fr (German)
Individual evidence
- ↑ German Wine Statistics 2019/2020
- ↑ German Wine Statistics 2019/2020
- ↑ Histoire de la Gaule, 8 vol, Camille Jullian
- ↑ LES CEPAGES NOIRS DANS LE VIGNOBLE ( Memento from January 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per greater region, part 1, publication of the OFFICE NATIONAL INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES FRUITS, DES LEGUMES, DES VINS ET DE L'HORTICULTURE - ONIVINS for short , As of 2008
- ↑ LES CEPAGES NOIRS DANS LE VIGNOBLE ( Memento from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per greater region, part 2, publication of the OFFICE NATIONAL INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES FRUITS, DES LEGUMES, DES VINS ET DE L'HORTICULTURE - ONIVINS for short , As of 2008
- ↑ LES CEPAGES BLANCS DANS LE VIGNOBLE (PDF) ( Memento from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on white grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 1, publication of the OFFICE NATIONAL INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES FRUITS, DES LEGUMES, DES VINS ET DE L'HORTICULTURE - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
- ↑ LES CEPAGES BLANCS DANS LE VIGNOBLE (PDF) ( Memento from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on white grape varieties per greater region, part 2, publication of the OFFICE NATIONAL INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES FRUITS, DES LEGUMES, DES VINS ET DE L'HORTICULTURE - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
- ↑ List of classifications of grape varieties for winemaking (PDF; 514 kB) ( Memento from February 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )