Haeduer
The Haeduer or Häduer , also Aeduer , ( Haedui "the fiery ones ") were the largest Celtic tribe in Gaul . The most important place was first Bibracte , later that in the year 10 BC. Augustodunum founded (today Autun ). Other places were Cavillonum , Decetia , Noviodunum Haeduorum (today's Nevers or Diou in France) and Matisco .
Their settlement area in central Gaul extended over the area between Saône and Loire to the Lyon area . Neighboring tribes were the Biturigen in the west, the Lingons , Senones and Carnutes in the north, the Sequaner and Brannoviken in the east and some smaller peoples in the south who belonged to the Haeduer clientele .
history
prehistory
In the 6th century BC The Haedu took part in a campaign to northern Italy .
In 121 BC They asked the Romans for help against the Arverni and Salluvians .
Gallic War
Caesar , who describes the Gallic War in his work De Bello Gallico , attaches special importance to the Haeduern among the Gallic tribes, which is shown by the frequent mention of this particular tribe: The Haeduer tribe is 120 times within the De Bello Gallico and a total of eleven Haeduer are known to us by name: Cavarillus, Convictolitavis, Cotus, Diviciacus , Dumnorix , Eporedorix , Liscus , Litaviccus, Surus, Valetiacus, Viridomarus. Both numbers are not matched by any other Gallic tribe in Caesar's work.
In 61 BC In BC the Suebe Ariovistus defeated an alliance of Gauls in the battle of Magetobriga , which was led by the Haeduern, and made them tributary. In the vicinity of Mount Beuvray, Caesar fought one of his first victorious battles in the Gallic War (58–51 BC) with Haeduer auxiliary troops (see Battle of Bibracte ). The Helvetii and the allied Sequaner presented their armies to battle and were subject to the Romans .
After much hesitation and hesitation, the Haedu joined forces in 52 BC. At the uprising against Caesar. In Bibracte they held a state assembly for the whole of Gaul, called Concilium totius Galliae ; here the Arverni Prince Vercingetorix was confirmed as commander-in-chief of the Gallic tribes, which angered the Haedu to a great extent.
After the costly Battle of Alesia in 52/51 BC. The Arverni and Haedu peoples were exempted from enslavement. The Arverni was no longer politically significant and was hardly mentioned. The Haedu and the Remer regained dominance in Gaul.
Others
According to tradition, Bishop Reverianus von Autun was sent to Gaul by Pope Felix I around the year 270 to Christianize the Haeduer. In 273 he suffered under Emperor Aurelian to martyrdom .
literature
- Maximilian Ihm : Aedui . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume I, 1, Stuttgart 1893, Col. 475.
- Bernhard Kremer: The image of the Celts up to the Augustan time . Steiner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-515-06548-2 , therein in particular pp. 219-246 (Chapter: The Haeduer as a special case of Caesar's Celtic representation ).
- Pierre Wuilleumier : Haedui. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 2, Stuttgart 1967, column 912.
- Hermann Reichert : Häduer. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 13, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1999, ISBN 3-11-016315-2 , pp. 274-277 ( online ).
Web links
- The Haeduer in the Gallic War - original text and translation
- Haeduer - historical summary with ancient sources (French)