Lingons

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The Lingones (Latin Lingones ) were a Celtic people of Gaul and settled on the upper Seine , Marne and Saône , between the Senones and the Sequani .

history

Roman Gaul and Germania on the right bank of the Rhine around AD 70.

The Lingons supported Gaius Julius Caesar in the Roman conquest of Gaul from 58 to 51 BC. And were connected to Rome by a formal treaty (foederati) . The area of ​​the Lingons lay in the north of the Roman province of Lugdunensis on the border with Belgica . Later it was the westernmost part of the province Germania superior .

In the year 9 BC Drusus is said to have built a temple for the cult of Augustus among the Lingons . According to Tacitus received all Lingones 69 n. Chr. Of Otho the Roman citizenship . Shortly afterwards they joined the Batavian revolt against Rome under the leadership of Julius Sabinus , but were pardoned after its failure. The tricasses on the upper Seine and Aube were one of the Lingons' clients .

The main place of the civitas of the Lingons was Andematunnum ( Langres ), which was also called Civitas Lingonum or Lingonae in Augustan times . A part of the people who at the beginning of the 4th century BC Moved to Italy in BC, lived in Gallia cisalpina at the mouth of the Po .

Cults

The tribal shrine of the Lingons with temples and cult theater was located near the city of Mediolanum (today: Mâlain; Département Côte-d'Or), where the tribal god Cicollus (Cicollos) was worshiped together with the goddess Litavis , but also Epona , Sucellus and the Gallic Apollo with Thirona were invoked, as inscriptions from the place show. The latter pair of gods were worshiped under the names Apollo Borvo and Damona in the spa and spring sanctuary of Bourbonne-les-Bains (Haute-Marne department). A third larger Lingon sanctuary was excavated near the town of Vertillum (today: Vertault; Département Côte-d'Or). An altar was found in the Britannian Ilkley in west Yorkshire , which a Prefect of the Second Lingon Cohort had consecrated to the goddess Verbeia .

The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (RIB) [1]

Roman auxiliary units

Five cohortes Lingonum have been identified as part of the Roman auxiliary troops in the provinces of Britain and Dacia .

Lingon Testament

In research, the “ Lingonentestament ” (French “Testament du Lingon”) is a funerary inscription from the 2nd half of the 2nd century AD, in which a member of the local upper class made arrangements for his afterlife .

literature

  • Georges Drioux: Les Lingons. Textes et inscriptions antiques. Repertoire . Les Belles Lettres, Paris 1934.
  • Yann Le Bohec (Ed.): Le Testament du Lingon. Actes de la Journée d'étude du 16 may 1990 organized at Center d'études romaines et gallo-romaines de l'Université Lyon III . Center d'études romaines et gallo-romaines, Lyon 1991, ISBN 2-904974-08-3 .
  • Yann Le Bohec (Ed.): Inscriptions de la cité des Lingons. Inscriptions on pierre . Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-7355-0515-4 .

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Pliny the Elder , naturalis historia 4, 106 .
  2. ↑ Drusus Nero and L. Quintius. His conss. apud Lingonum gentem templum Caesari Drusus dedicavit. In: Chronica Casiodori senatoris . Theodor Mommsen (Ed.): Auctores antiquissimi 11: Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII. (II). Berlin 1894, p. 135 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ) The inscription CIL 13, 5688 also proves an Augustus cult among the Lingons .
  3. ^ Tacitus, Historien 1, 78: Lingonibus universis civitatem Romanam ... dedit . However, the handwritten tradition of the name was sometimes questioned in research, especially since Tacitus referred to the Lingons as followers of Vitellius shortly before (1, 64) .
  4. ^ Tacitus, Historien 4, 55.
  5. ^ Sextus Iulius Frontinus , Strategemata 4, 3.
  6. ↑ CIL 13, 5597 , CIL 13, 5604 (Mars Cicollus); CIL 13, 5598 (Mars Cicollus and Bellona); CIL 13, 5599 , CIL 13, 5601 (Mars Cicollus and Litavis); CIL 13, 5600 , CIL 13, 5602 ([Mars Cicollus?] And Litavis).
  7. ↑ AE 1990, 768 a and b.
  8. ↑ CIL 13, 4706 .
  9. ↑ Yann Le Bohec (Ed.): Inscriptions de la cité des Lingons , M 2  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Thiron (a) et Apollo .@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / compute-in.ku-eichstaett.de  
  10. ↑ CIL 13,5911 .
  11. ↑ CIL 7, 208 = Roman inscriptions of Britain 1, 635.
  12. ^ DJ Knight: The movements of the auxilia from Augustus to Hadrian . In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 85 (1991) pp 189-208 ( online, PDF ).
  13. ↑ CIL 13,5708 .