Roussanne

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Roussanne in the book by Viala & Vermorel

Roussanne is a rather rare white wine variety that is mainly grown in the French Rhône Valley , Savoie and Provence , but also in the Swiss Rhone Valley , in Tuscany within the province of Lucca , Australia and California (→ viticulture in California ). It is called Ermitage in Valais and is a Valais AOC -certified wine. The term “Ermitage” together with the term “AOC Wallis” is considered to be “Ermitage du Valais” . In Tuscany the white grape variety is called Montecarlo and in Savoy it is also called Bergeron . The name Roussanne describes the color of the ripe, rust-red grapes . The worldwide population is estimated at almost 1,500 hectares . Louis Levadoux, a French ampelographer, assigned Roussanne to the “famille des Sérines” grape variety family, to which the Syrah , Mondeuse , Viognier , Altesse and Marsanne blanche varieties also belong. Accordingly, the variety would come from the south-east of France.

The wines made from Roussanne are acidic and have a floral aroma. They can be stored for a very long time and then develop mineral notes. However, the variety is susceptible to gray mold rot and powdery mildew and places high demands on the location. In the northern Rhône valley it was therefore largely displaced by the Marsanne blanche . Together with this it finds its way into the white Hermitage , Crozes-Hermitage and Saint-Joseph . Elsewhere it is blended with Chardonnay and Vermentino . It is cultivated as a single variety by some winemakers in Châteauneuf-du-Pape , for example in the “Vieilles Vignes” of the Château de Beaucastel. In 2007, a vineyard area of ​​1,307 hectares was raised in France. Small stands are also known in Switzerland (1.7 hectares, as of 2007).

See also the articles Viticulture in France , Viticulture in Australia , Viticulture in Italy , Viticulture in the United States and Viticulture in Switzerland and the list of grape varieties .

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

The foliage of the Roussanne vine. The deep lapping of the leaf can be clearly seen.

In ampelography , the habitus is described as follows:

  • The shoot tip is open. It is hairy white wool with a crimson tinge. The blistered young leaves are still hairy and already heavily cupped.
  • The large and thick leaves are five-lobed and deeply indented. The stalk bay is closed in the shape of a lyre. The blade is bluntly serrated. The large teeth are set wide in comparison to the grape varieties. The leaf surface (also called blade) is blistered and rough.
  • The cylindrical grape is small to medium-sized and has dense berries. The round berries are small and have a whitish to golden yellow color, which tends to rust-red when fully ripe.

The grape variety ripens about 20 days after the Gutedel and is therefore almost still ripening early in international comparison, although ripening is not always reached even in the northern Rhône Valley. It is hardly resistant to powdery mildew and raw rot. The yield is weak and also fluctuating. Roussanne is a variety of the noble grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ). It has hermaphroditic flowers and is therefore self-fruiting. In viticulture , the economic disadvantage of not having to grow male plants that produce yield is avoided.

Synonyms

Roussanne is also known under the names Barbin, Bergeron, Courtoisie, Fromental, Fromental jaune, Fromenteau, Greffon, Greffou, Martin cot, Petite Roussette, Picotin blanc, Plant de Seyssel, Rabellot, Rabelot, Ramoulette, Rebellot, Rebolot, Remoulette, Roussane, Roussane blanc, Roussette (not to be confused with the Altesse grape variety ), Rusan belyi and Rusan blan are known.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article 52 of the (PDF) Ordinance on Viticulture and Wine (VRW, 916.142) , Sion March 17, 2004
  2. ↑ Arbre généalogique de la Syrah by José Vouillamoz (PDF) ( Memento of May 30, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ LES CEPAGES BLANCS DANS LE VIGNOBLE (PDF) ( Memento from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on white grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 1, publication of the OFFICE NATIONAL INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES FRUITS, DES LEGUMES, DES VINS ET DE L'HORTICULTURE - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  4. ↑ LES CEPAGES BLANCS DANS LE VIGNOBLE (PDF) ( Memento from March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on white grape varieties per greater region, part 2, publication of the OFFICE NATIONAL INTERPROFESSIONNEL DES FRUITS, DES LEGUMES, DES VINS ET DE L'HORTICULTURE - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  5. ↑ Source: Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG Page no longer available , search in web archives: The Wine Year 2008 (PDF)  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Editor Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.blw.admin.ch@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.blw.admin.ch  

Web links

literature

  • Brockhaus wine. Grape varieties, tasting, viticulture, cellar technology, international growing areas. FA Brockhaus, Mannheim 2005, ISBN 3-7653-0281-3 .
  • Horst Dippel (founder): The wine dictionary (= Fischer. 15867). Continued by Cornelius Lange and Fabian Lange . Completely revised and supplemented new edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-596-15867-2 .
  • Pierre Galet : Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages. Hachette, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-01-236331-8 .
  • Jancis Robinson : The Oxford Wine Lexicon. 3rd, completely revised edition. Hallwag, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-8338-0691-9 .
  • Norbert Tischelmayer: Wine Glossary. 2777 terms related to wine. NP-Buchverlag, St. Pölten et al. 2001, ISBN 3-85326-177-9 .