Viognier

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Viognier
Synonyms see section synonyms
Viognier
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color green
use
origin France
VIVC no. 13106
List of grape varieties
Viognier grapes and leaves; The picture was taken in California in August.
Leaves of the Viognier variety; The picture was taken in the Rhône wine-growing region in July 2010.

Viognier is a white wine that is mainly cultivated on the Rhône . The resulting wine is mostly alcoholic, has a strong color and a distinctive taste. It is characterized by its aromatic scent, which can sometimes be reminiscent of apricots , peaches and flower aromas (especially violets or lily of the valley ). In the Condrieu area , an expensive white wine from Viognier is produced on steep slopes , which should nevertheless be drunk young. The wine from Château-Grillet is also known .

The Viognier's yields are poor, and after the phylloxera crisis at the end of the 19th century, many of the difficult-to-work steep slopes were abandoned. For this reason the grape had almost disappeared, in 1968 only 14 hectares of vineyards were left in France. In the mid-1980s, the Rhône wines experienced a renaissance and with it the Viognier vine. In Condrieu, the home community of Viognier, the population increased from 8 hectares (1968) to 20 hectares (1980) to 108 hectares in 2000. However, this corresponds to just half of the permitted area.

The grape is now enjoying growing popularity in the Ardèche department and in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in the Hérault department, particularly in Roquebrun. In 2007, a total of 4,111 hectares of vineyards were surveyed with Viognier in France. (Source ONIVINS) California (→ Viticulture in California ) (where the winegrowers' association The Viognier Guild was founded, 2773 acres = 1,120 hectares, as of 2007) and Australia (1,401 hectares, as of 2008) are benefiting from the growing popularity of this distinctive white wine . In South Africa, almost 1% of the amount of wine produced comes from this type of wine (837 hectares of vineyards, as of 2015).

In 2007, the area under vines in New Zealand was still rising at 129 hectares. In Chile a total of 262 hectares were surveyed in 2006, most of which are planted in the Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins . In Switzerland, the area under vines is 41.2 hectares (as of 2013, source: Federal Office for Agriculture FONES). In Germany, Viognier is grown on around 4 hectares (as of 2009). (Source: Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture)

See also the articles Viticulture in France , Viticulture in Australia , Viticulture in Chile , Viticulture in New Zealand , Viticulture in Switzerland and Viticulture in the United States, as well as the list of grape varieties .

Synonyms

11: Galopine, Petit Viognier, Petit Vionnier, Viogne, Viogner, Viognier Bijeli, Viognier Blanc, Viognier Jaune, Viognier Vert, Vionjer, Vionnier

ancestry

At the beginning of 2004 it became known that the Viognier variety is related to the Italian Freisa variety . The researchers Anna Schneider from the Agricultural Institute of the CNR in Grugliasco near Turin and José Vouillamoz ( University of California, Davis and “Istituto agrario di San Michele all'Adige”, today Fondazione Edmund Mach in San Michele all'Adige ) carried out microbiological DNA analyzes on over 1500 grape varieties. 30 of 32 indicators are identical for Freisa and Viognier.

The same investigation suggests that the Italian Nebbiolo itself is descended from the Freisa variety.

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

  • The shoot tip is open. It is hairy from white to almost tomentose, greenish with a slightly reddish tinge. The bronze-colored, blistered young leaves are only hairy cobwebs.
  • The medium-sized leaves are five-lobed and moderately deeply indented. The stem bay is open in a U-shape. The blade is bluntly serrated. The teeth are closely set compared to other grape varieties.
  • The conical to cylindrical grape is medium-sized, partly shouldered and dense berries. The round to slightly elongated berries are small and amber-white in color. The berries have a thick skin and a slight note of nutmeg on the taste.

The grape variety ripens approx. 15 to 20 days after the Gutedel and is therefore almost still ripening early in international comparison.

The variety is susceptible to powdery mildew , but has little tendency to trickle and copes well with the drought in the summer months.

Yield

Despite generally poor yields, they are usually still too high, so that a targeted thinning of the grapes must be used to reduce the yield in order to achieve good wine quality. To work out all the qualities of this variety, quality-oriented winemakers in the Rhône apply 30 hectoliters / hectare as the upper limit.

Web links

Commons : Viognier  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Viognier  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Les Cepages Noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Statistics on white grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 1, Publication of the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS, as of 2008
  2. ↑ Les Cepages Noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Statistics on white grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 2, Publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS, as of 2008
  3. ↑ California Grape acreage 2007 Crop (PDF; 655 kB) , by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, published April 2008
  4. ↑ Areas of vines and grape production by variety - 2007-08. In: Annual Report 2008–2009. Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation, 2009, p. 89 , accessed November 25, 2014 .
  5. ↑ 2016 - SA WINE INDUSTRY STATISTICS NR 40 (PDF) , publisher: SAWIS
  6. ↑ New Zealand Winegrowers Statistical annual 2007 ( Memento of October 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 375 kB; English)
  7. ↑ Catastro Viticola Nacional 2006. (PDF; 135 kB) División Protección Agrícola - SAG, 2007, accessed on November 26, 2014 (Spanish).
  8. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Das Weinjahr 2013 (PDF) , publisher: Federal Office for Agriculture BWL@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.blw.admin.ch
  9. ↑ Viognier in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), March 2020
  10. ↑ Nebbiolo is viognier cousin, conference hears ( Memento of 27 February 2009 at the Internet Archive ) published in Decanter