Freisa

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Freisa
Synonyms Spanna - for more see the Synonyms section
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin Italy
known since 15th century
VIVC no. 4256
List of grape varieties

Freisa is a red wine variety that is mainly grown in Piedmont , Italy .

Properties and distribution

There are at least two known clones:

  • the small berry 'Freisa Piccola'; it is mostly grown on slopes
  • the large berries 'Freisa Grossa'; it produces less sparkling wines in flat areas.

The must of the vine has a strong acidity and a high proportion of tannins . The color is relatively light.

Unmixed one finds often slightly effervescent red wines with some residual sugar. The sweetness counteracts the high tannin and the bitter taste of the yeast. In contrast to the idiosyncratic taste, the wines have a distinctive purple color and a fruity aroma reminiscent of raspberries and violets .

In addition to the DOC wines Freisa d'Asti and Freisa di Chieri , a large number of bottles are filled in the regional Vino da Tavola ( table wine ) "Freisa del Piemonte".

The Freisa grape variety may be used in a mixed set with other grape varieties in the following DOC regions : Colli Tortonesi , Gabiano , Breganze , Barbera del Monferrato , Grignolino del Monferrato Casalese .

In Italy the forested area was 1041 hectares in 2010. In Argentina in 2010 it was 7 hectares and in Brazil in 1 hectare. Worldwide, the surface area in 2010 was 1049 hectares.

At the beginning of 2004 it became known that the Freisa variety is related to the French variety ' Viognier '. The researchers Anna Schneider from the Agricultural Institute of the CNR in Grugliasco near Turin and José Vouillamoz ( University of California, Davis and Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige in San Michele all'Adige ) carried out microbiological DNA analyzes on over 1500 grape varieties. 30 of 32 indicators are identical for Freisa and Viognier. The same research suggests that the Italian variety Nebbiolo itself is derived from the Freisa variety.

DNA analyzes at the “Istituto agrario di San Michele all'Adige”, today Fondazione Edmund Mach in San Michele all'Adige , also revealed a second-degree relationship to the old Resi grape variety, which is native to the Swiss Alps .

See also the articles Viticulture in Argentina , Viticulture in Italy, and Viticulture in the United States .

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

  • Shoot tip faintly white wool.
  • Young leaves slightly bronzed. Leaf: three-lobed, U-shaped bay, wide open. Sawed teeth. Very thick bristle hair on the underside.
  • Medium-sized, long, cylindrical, winged grapes with loose berries.
  • Berries small to medium-sized, oval, black-blue, pruinose.

Maturity: late

properties

The vine is very vigorous. Abundant yield, little downy mildew -empfindlich, powdery mildew risk. Prefers sunny, dry locations.

Synonyms

48 synonyms are known: Barbera, Encore Spannina, Fessietta, Frati, Fratina, Freisa del Piemonte, Freisa di Chieri, Freisa di Monfra, Freisa di Nizza, Freisa Grossa, Freisa Pica, Freisa Piccola, Freisetta, Freisetta de Montaldo, Fresa, Fresa del Piemonte, Fresa Grosa, Fresa Monferrina, Frescia, Fresia, Fresia di Chieri, Fresia di Chiers, Fresior, Frezia, Frezija, Ghemme, Grananella, Ivanna Milanese, Lugenga Nera del Piemonte, Marchesa, Marchesa di Calabria, Marchesana, Marchisa, Martesana , Monferrato, Monferrina, Monfesia, Monfra, Monfrina, Mounfrina, Munfrin-Na, Munfrina, Patuja, Spanin, Spanna, Spanna Milanese, Spanna Monferrina, Spannina.

Individual evidence

  1. K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010, Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014) (third Revision July 2014).
  2. Nebbiolo is viognier cousin, conference hears ( Memento of 27 February 2009 at the Internet Archive ) published in Decanter
  3. Sur les traces du cépage romain Raetica grâce à l'ADN ( Memento of July 14, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) by José F. Vouillamoz (in French)
  4. Hans Ambrosi: color atlas grape varieties, 300 varieties and their wines , page 116. 3rd edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4
  5. Freisa in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), August 2020

literature