Nebbiolo

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Nebbiolo
Synonyms Spanna, Farinella - for more see the Synonyms section
Nebbiolo
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin Italy
VIVC no. 8417
List of grape varieties
Close-up: the white coating on ripe grapes is typical

Nebbiolo is a red Italian grape variety .

properties

The Nebbiolo vine comes from Piedmont and delivers tannin-rich , expressive red wines that have to mature for a long time. The Nebbiolo is one of the slowest ripening wines of all, but also one of those that keep their quality the longest (see also the article Phenols in wine ). The name is derived from nebbia , which means fog , and indicates the white coating on the berries that forms when fully ripe. When the thick-skinned and small-berry variety ripens, it is common for fog to cover the hills. That is why there are very large vintage fluctuations with Nebbiolo wines, depending on how autumn is in particular. Nebbiolo has probably been grown in the Monferrato and Langhe hills since ancient times . He is already mentioned by name in writings of the 13th and 14th centuries.

distribution

The Nebbiolo is one of the most demanding grape varieties in terms of soil and location. It practically only thrives on calcareous marl soils and requires steep south or south-west locations. This extreme claim is probably the reason why, unlike other varieties, really high-quality wines have not yet been pressed in overseas regions. There is a lack of the necessary perfect locations. Only the Bodega Juan Carrau in Uruguay succeeds in producing a Nebbiolo wine (Den Vilasar).

The most famous Nebbiolo wines are:

In Lombardy , where the grape is also called Chiavennasca, a first-class, much-praised wine with DOCG status is grown in the Valtellina area . The Superiore core zone consists of the sub-zones Sassella, Grumello, Inferno, Valgella and Maroggia. The most famous wine of the Valtellina is the Sforzato or Sfursat di Valtelina.

Other wines such as Gattinara DOCG and Ghemme DOCG from northern Piedmont on the banks of the Sesia River , where the Spanna variety is called, can be blended with small amounts of other varieties.

Carema DOC and the Aosta Valley with Donnas and Arnad-Montjovet deliver very small quantities .

Attempts to locate the Nebbiolo outside of Italy have so far not brought convincing results. Worldwide around 6000 hectares of vineyards are planted with the Nebbiolo. The majority can be found in Italy (5250 hectares). There are also plantings in Argentina , Mexico , California , Switzerland , South Africa and Brazil .

See also the articles Viticulture in Italy , Viticulture in Argentina , Viticulture in the United States (→ Viticulture in California , Viticulture in Oregon , Viticulture in Maryland ), Viticulture in Brazil , Viticulture in South Africa and Viticulture in Switzerland as well as the list of grape varieties .

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

Leaf by Nebbiolo

In ampelography , the habitus is described as follows:

  • The shoot tip is open. It is hairy with white wool and is slightly reddish in color at the tips. The yellowish young leaves with their bronze-colored edges are also very hairy.
  • The medium-sized leaves are glossy, relatively thick, and five-lobed and medium-deep. The stem bay is open in a V-shape. The blade is bluntly serrated. The teeth are set wide in comparison to the grape varieties. The leaf surface (also called blade) is only slightly blistered.
  • The cylindrical grape is medium to large in size and moderately dense. Sometimes the grape is shouldered. The round to slightly oval berries are medium-sized and blue-black to almost black in color. The aroma of the berry is fragrant, but tasteless.

The berries ripen about 30 days after those of the Gutedel . It is therefore considered to ripen late by international standards.

The Nebbiolo drives out early in spring, so that the shoot tips are endangered by spring frosts. In damp weather during flowering, the variety also tends to trickle down . The variety is also susceptible to powdery mildew , while it is more resistant to downy mildew . In the autumn it is prone to gray mold rot in damp weather .

The yields are usually a bit too high, so that a targeted thinning of the grapes has to be carried out to reduce the yield in order to achieve good wine quality.

ancestry

The researchers Anna Schneider (Agricultural Institute of the CNR in Grugliasco near Turin ) and José Vouillamoz ( University of California, Davis and "Istituto agrario di San Michele all'Adige" today Fondazione Edmund Mach in San Michele all'Adige ) carried out microbiological DNA - Analyzes on over 1500 grape varieties. In their search for the genetic origin of Nebbiolo, they came to the conclusion that the parent grape varieties are probably extinct and that its ancestry can no longer be determined. However, genetic relationships with the varieties Freisa , Negrera, Bubbierasco, Vespolina , Nebbiolo Rosé, Rossola Nera and Brugnola have been established.

Synonyms

The grape variety Nebbiolo is also known under the following names:

Barbesino, Barolo, Brunenta, Bruneta, Chiavennasca, Chiavennasca di Valtellina, Farinella, Femmina, Lampia, Marchesana, Martesana, Melasca, Melaschetto, Melascone, Michet, Monferrina, Morsano di Caraglio, Nebbieul Grosso, Nebbieul Maschio, Nebbiolin, Nebbiolin , Nebbiolin Comune, Nebbiolin Lungo, Nebbiolin Nero, Nebbiolo Canavesano, Nebbiolo Comune, Nebbiolo Crni, Nebbiolo d'Antom, Nebbiolo d'Asti, Nebbiolo d'Ivrea, Nebbiolo dell Bolla di Nebbiolo, Nebbiolo dell Bolla, Nebbiolebiolo di.Bolla Nebbiolo di Bricherasio, Nebbiolo di Campione, Nebbiolo di Carema, Nebbiolo di Dronero, Nebbiolo di Ivrea, Nebbiolo di Lorenze, Nebbiolo di Lorenzi, Nebbiolo di Masio, Nebbiolo di Carema, Nebbiolo di Nizza Nizza, Nebbiolo di Monsordbiolebiolo, Nebbiolo di Monsordbiolo Nebbiolo di Piemonte, Nebbiolo di Sciolze, Nebbiolo di Sinistra Tanaro, Nebbiolo di Stroppo, Nebbiolo Femmina, Nebbiolo Lampia, Nebbiolo Lungo, Nebbiolo Maschio, Nebbiolo Michet, Nebbiolo Nero, Nebbiolo lino, Nebbiolo Pajrole, Nebbiolo Picotendre, Nebbiolo Pignolato, Nebbiolo Pirule, Nebbiolo Sinistra Tanaro, Nebieu, Nebieul, Nebieul Fumela, Nebiolo, Nebiolo du Piemont, Nebbiolo, Nebbiola, Nibioubiola, Nibioubiola, Nibieul Burghin, Nibioubiola, Nibioubiola, Pignolibiolo, Picibotender, Pignolato, Nebbiolo Sinistra Picotendro, Picotener, Picotenero, Picotiner, Picoutendro Maschio, Picoutener, Pioultener, Poctener, Pruenent, Prugnet, Pruine, Prunena, Prunent, Prunenta, Prunento, Pugnet, Rose, Rosetta, Spagna, Span, Spana, Spana Commune, Spana Grossa, Spana Piccola, Spanin, Spanna, Spanna a Gattinara, Spanna di Gattinara, Spanna Grossa, Spano, Tandis, Uva Spana .

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Robinson , J. Harding, J. Vouillamoz: Wine Grapes A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavors . Penguin Books , London 2012
  2. ↑ Nebbiolo in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), June 2020