Tannat

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Tannat
Synonyms see section synonyms
Tannat
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black blue
use
origin France
known since 1783
List of grape varieties
Vine of the Tannat variety
grape

Tannat is a red wine variety that produces a very tannin-rich, intense color, strong wine . Due to the high concentration of tannins , pure young tannat wine has a strong astringency , the degradation of which requires a long (around 20 months) bottle aging.

Origin, descent

The area of ​​origin of the vine is probably in the Pyrenees in France. It was first mentioned in Madiran in 1783 under the name Tannat in the likely area of ​​origin of the Hautes-Pyrénées department .

According to DNA analyzes, there may be a parent-offspring relationship with the Manseng Noir variety , as well as family relationships with the Baroque , Courbu Blanc, Lauzet and Petit Courbu varieties .

There is also a light berry variety called Tannat Gris.

Ampelographic features

  • The shoot tips are very hairy with white wool and have a reddish border.
  • Young leaves are blistered and bronzed.
  • Adult leaves are medium-sized, wedge-shaped, blistered and very wavy. The underside is lightly woolly hairy, three-lobed and the upper side bay is indented medium-deep. The style bay is slightly open to overlapping. The stem base is colored red. In autumn the leaves turn red.
  • The grapes are cylindrical, shouldered and compact. The berries are round, medium-sized and black-blue in color. The berry skin is thick and rich in color. The flesh is juicy and very tannic.

Maturity: late

Yield

The variety is very productive.

properties

The variety sprouts late and is therefore hardly endangered by late frost. The vine is very vigorous. For this reason, slow growing rootstock varieties are recommended. The flower is sensitive, with moderate sensitivity to downy mildew, botrytis and black spot disease. They are more susceptible to oidium, grape buds and mites.

Wine

The wine is very fruity, aromatic (like raspberries), rich in contrasts, rich in tannins (also the name) and often acidic. Long storage in wooden barrels is necessary to round off the tannins. The wine is often blended with other varieties ( Cabernet Sauvignon , Cabernet Franc ) in order to achieve more complexity with milder varieties. The wine has a very good shelf life thanks to the high tannin content.

The Tannat has been considered the “healthiest” red wine ever since Roger Corder's research results were published in the scientific journal Nature . With traditional processing (which is practically only cultivated in the two small growing areas Département Gers and Nuoro in France and Sardinia ), the main active ingredients are procyanidin or resveratrol , quercetin , epicatechin and OPCs . The classic pressing ( fermentation with skins and seeds for three to four weeks) produces the highest levels of procyanidins, which have proven to be preventive for heart and circulatory diseases and as a radical catcher . Due to the high natural content combined with the complete extraction, this wine contains a good four times as much resveratrol as all the other red wines tested - especially the Tannat wines from Uruguay , which are usually only pressed for a very short time . Since its publication, the wine made from the Tannat variety has been considered the "healthiest red wine". Wines such as B. Pinot Noir , Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot .

distribution

Worldwide there is a cultivation area of ​​5,889 ha.

country Vineyards ha 2010
France 2863
Uruguay 1815
Argentina 705
Brazil 295
United States 75
South Africa 67
Italy 55
Portugal 10
Chile 2
Hungary 1
World acreage 2010 5889

France

The main growing area is in the south-west of France , where it is (almost) single-varietal pressed in the AOC Madiran and produces a strong red wine. In the Cahors area , it is blended with the predominant Malbec variety to give the wines more backbone. Other growing areas are Tursan , Côtes de Saint-Mont , Irouléguy in the Pyrenees, Côtes du Brulhois (an area in the north of Gascony ) and Béarn .

Other countries

There are smaller cultivation areas in Uruguay , Argentina , Brazil , USA, South Africa. Italy, Portugal, Chile, and Hungary.

In America, Tannat is often pressed as a single variety, but is also often blended with Merlot , Cabernet Sauvignon or Cabernet Franc to make the wines softer and marketable earlier. The growing area is primarily Uruguay , where it is also named Harriague after the founder of the cultivation, the Basque emigrant to France, Don Pascual Harriague . The wine is mainly marketed under the name "Tannat". The Tannat wine-growing regions in Uruguay are Canelones , Montevideo , San José and Maldonado .

Synonyms

Synonyms 13: Bordelais Noir, Bordeleza Belcha, Harriague, Madiran, Madiron, Mouston, Moustron, Moustrou, Moustroun, Tanat, Tannat Gris, Tannat Noir Femelle, Tannat Noir Male.

literature

  • Hans Ambrosi , Bernd HE Hill, Erika Maul, Erst H. Rühl, Joachim Schmid, Fritz Schuhmann: Color atlas grape varieties 3rd edition, Eugen Ulmer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4 .
  • R. Corder, W. Mullen, NQ Khan, SC Marks, EG Wood, MJ Carrier, A. Crozier: Oenology: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health . In: Nature 444, November 30, 2006, p. 566.
  • Roger Corder: The Wine Diet . Sphere 2006, ISBN 1-84744-003-7 .
  • Daniel Vergnes: La conservation du patrimoine génétique du Tannat . Chambre d'Agriculture des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2002.
  • Daniel Vergnes: Suivi de maturité polyphénolique du Tannat . Chambre d'Agriculture des Pyrénées-Atlantiques, 2002.
  • Pierre Galet : Dictionnaire encyclopédique des cépages . 1st edition. Hachette Livre, 2000, ISBN 2-01-236331-8 .
  • Jancis Robinson : The Oxford Wine Lexicon, 3rd revised edition . 1st edition. Gräfe and Unzer Verlag, Munich, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8338-0691-9 .
  • Dr Bernd Kleine-Gunk , Resveratrol Younger longer with red wine medicine, Trivas Verlag in MVS, Stuttgart, 2006, ISBN 3-8304-3370-0

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jancis Robinson , Julia Harding, José Vouillamoz : Wine Grapes , 1st edition 2012, Penguin Books, London, ISBN 978-0-06-220636-7 .
  2. ↑ Hans Ambrosi , Bernd HE Hill, Erika Maul, Erst H. Rühl, Joachim Schmid, Fritz Schuhmann: Color Atlas Rebsorten 3rd Edition, Eugen Ulmer, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4 , p. 227.
  3. ^ R Corder, Mullen W, Khan NQ, Marks SC, Wood EG, Carrier MJ, Crozier A: Red wine procyanidins and vascular health . In: Nature . 444, 2006, p. 566. PMID 17136085 .
  4. ↑ Live longer with the right red wine . In: Die Welt , November 29, 2006
  5. ↑ a b K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010, Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014) (third revision July 2014).
  6. ↑ accessed on January 23, 2017 Tannat in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)