Gamay

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Gamay noir
Synonyms see section synonyms
Gamay noir
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color purple-black
use
origin France
VIVC no. 4377
ancestry

Cross of
' Heunisch ' x Pinot noir

List of grape varieties
Gamay noir

Gamay noir is a red wine variety that was mainly planted in Beaujolais (90% of the vineyard area). A total of 31,771 hectares are planted in France , 60% of which in the Beaujolais area alone (as of 2007).

Growing areas

In the north of Beaujolais, the grape variety benefits from the slate and chalky granite soils. There are ten crus : Saint-Amour (317 ha), wine-growing area Juliénas (609 ha), wine-growing area Chénas (285 ha), Moulin à Vent (681 ha), Morgon (1,132 ha), wine-growing area Chiroubles (376 ha), Fleurie (Wine-growing area) (879 ha), Brouilly and Côte de Brouilly (1,315 and 331 ha) and Régnié (746 ha). In the southern part there are both stone floors that produce Villages quality, as well as loamy soils that produce good everyday wines and respectable primeurs . Beaujolais also includes the wines from the Coteaux du Lyonnais region .

In France, outside of the Beaujolais, the Gamay is mainly grown in the Mâconnais and on the Loire , where it is sold as Vin des Pays du Jardin de la France . In other areas, Gamay is sometimes (usually in a 2: 1 ratio) pressed together with Pinot Noir . In the Auvergne , in the Riom area, about ten km north of Clermont-Ferrand, in the Allier department, up to about 30 km south in the Puy-de-Dôme department, the Gamay takes 80% (other grape varieties are Chardonnay and Pinot Noir , as in Burgundy) a. The vine benefits from the volcanic soils (e.g. the Petite grappes sûr Basalte from Saint-Verny ) and the moderate rain (the Chaine des Puys shields the area to the west). A cuvée with Pinot noir is also common here.

A blend with Pinot Noir is the AOC Bourgogne Passetoutgrains in Burgundy , but also the Dole de Sierre in the Swiss canton of Valais and the Salvagnin in the neighboring canton of Vaud . In Switzerland, the Gamay is offered as a single variety AOC Gamay de Genève . There a vineyard area of ​​1550 hectares was collected (as of 2007, source: Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG). In Italy it is grown in the Aosta Valley .

Origin and descent

The Gamay variety is a natural cross between the Pinot and Gouais Blanc varieties .

Aligoté , Aubin Vert , Auxerrois , Bachet Noir , Beaunoir , Chardonnay , Dameron , Franc Noir de la Haute Saône , Gamay Blanc Gloriod , Knipperlé , Melon de Bourgogne , Peurion , Romorantin , Roublot and Sacy came from the same varieties Crosses between Pinot and Gouais Blanc. Since the genetic differences between Pinot Blanc , Pinot gris and Pinot noir are extremely small, an exact specification of the Pinot type is not yet available.

The success of this spontaneous crossing is explained by the fact that the two parent strains are genetically completely different. While the varieties of the Pinot family presumably come from Burgundy, the Gouais Blanc was brought to France by the Romans. In the vineyards of Burgundy and southern Champagne , both varieties were mixed together for several centuries .

history

Philip the Bold banned the cultivation of Gamay in Burgundy

Benedictine monks of the Cluny Monastery and Cistercians of the Clos de Vougeot Abbey brought Burgundian viticulture to the fore in the 13th century by recognizing the influence of the terroir on wine quality and planting 'Gamay' in Burgundy , where the vine is named after a village of the same name Côte d'Or was named. It ripened very reliably and produced high yields, so that it soon became a serious competitor for the delicate and sensitive Pinot Noir . It was no coincidence that Duke Philip the Bold of Burgundy (1363-1404), who had long since recognized the commercial importance of wine for export, in a famous decree in 1395 the cultivation of Gamay with the argument that it was harmful to human beings Health forbade and the grape as "dishonorable" ("l'infâme et déloyal Gamay") described.

This displacement from the Burgundian vineyards even benefited the quality of the Gamay because it thrives even better on the granite slopes of the Beaujolais than on the limestone quarries of the Côte-d'Or.

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

  • The shoot tip is open. It is hairy white, greenish with a slightly pink tinge. The bronze-colored, shiny young leaves are only hairy cobwebs.
  • The medium-sized leaves are three-lobed and moderately curved. The stem bay is open in a V-shape. The sheet is serrated to a point. The teeth are closely set compared to other grape varieties. The leaf surface (also called blade) is smooth.
  • The cylindrical grape is medium-sized, mostly shouldered and dense berries. The slightly oval berries are medium-sized and purple-black in color. The berries have a thin skin and are neutral in taste.

Maturity: The grape variety ripens around five to six days after the Gutedel and is therefore considered to ripen early in an international comparison. Because of its early ripeness, the Gamay is found in growing areas to the north or at high altitudes.

The vigorous variety is susceptible to powdery mildew and downy mildew tends to hardly coulure . In wet years, the berries are often attacked by the raw rot. Since the Gamay drives out early, it is at risk of late frost.

Yield

The variety brings medium yields. If the grapes are set too high, the yield must be regulated.

Wine

The grapes are usually not squeezed with a grape grinder, but only by pressure in the red wine fermentation rack. It results in refreshing, light wines with sharp, candy-like raspberry and cherry aromas. The Crus deliver more substantial and high quality wines. Some of these can mature for a surprisingly long time. While the Primeur is drunk young, some Gamay from the 10 Crus des Beaujolais reach an age of up to 20 or even 30 years.

Synonyms

Gamay is also known under 192 other names: Bargogna, Beaujolais, Beuna di Susa, Black Gamet, Blauer Gamet, Borgogna, Borgogna Black, Borgogna Blaue, Borgonja, Borgonja Crna, Borgonja Istarska, Bougiole, Bourgignon, Bourguignon Noir, Burgundi Kek, Burgundi Nagyszemii, Burgundi Nagyszemu, Carcairone, Chambonat, Complant de Lune, Crna Borgonja, Erice Noir, Ericey du Acher, Gamai, Gamai Arnoul, Gamai Chatillon, Gamai d'Ovola, Gamai de la Claire, Gamai de la Dole, Gamai de Montagne, Gamai de Saint Cyr, Gamai de Varennes, Gamai du Jardin Moulin, Gamai Fin, Gamai Henryet, Gamai Morvandian, Gamai Noir, Gamai Rond, Gaman de Liverdun, Gamatraub, Gamay, Gamay a Jus Blanc, Gamay Beaujolais, Gamay Black, Gamay Charmont , Gamay Crni, Gamay d'Arcenant, Gamay d'Argenant, Gamay d'Auvergne, Gamay d'Evelles, Gamay d'Orleans, Gamay de Bevy, Gamay de Caudoz, Gamay de Fontvial, Gamay de Gresvray, Gamay de la Dole, Gamay de la Meurthe, Gamay de Liverdun, Gamay de Malain, Gamay de Saint Galmier, Gamay d e Saint Peray, Gamay de Saint Romain, Gamay de Saint Romain la Motte, Gamay de Sainte Foix, Gamay de Toul, Gamay de Vaux, Gamay de Waux, Gamay des Gamays, Gamay des Trois Ceps, Gamay du Beaujolais, Gamay du Gatinais, Gamay du Moulin Moine, Gamay Geoffraj, Gamay Guillard, Gamay Joneris, Gamay Jonery, Gamay Labronde, Gamay Margerand, Gamay Mathieu, Gamay Mogneneins, Gamay Nero, Gamay Nero di Liverdun, Gamay Nicolas, Gamay Noar, Gamay Noir A Jus Blanc, Gamay Noir Petit, Gamay Ovoide, Gamay Petit, Gamay Picard, Gamay Piccolo Nero, Gamay Picolo, Gamay Plant Robert, Gamay Precoce, Gamay Rond, Gamay Sainte-Foix, Gamay Thomas, Gambonnin, Game, Game Black, Game Bojole, Game Bozhole, Game Burgundskii, Game Chernyi, Game Cornii, Game Crni, Game Krasnaya, Game Krasnyi, Game Noar, Game Nuar, Game Red, Game Ruj, Game Ruzh, Gamet, Gamet Blau, Gamet Blauer, Gamme, Gamw Pikkolo Nero, Gara Game, Garcairone, Gaumey, Goumey, Grand Liverdun, Gros Bourguignon Noir, Gros Gamai, Gros Rondelet, Grosse Dole, Gr osse Race, Iverdoner, Kek Gamay, Lekant, Liverdon, Liverdun Blau, Liverdun Grand, Lyonnaise, Lyonnaise Commune, Lyonnaise du Jonchay, Melon, Melon Gross Blau, Melon Noir, Melon Grape Black, Morvandiot, Nagyburgundi Kek, Nicola, Olivette Beaujolaise, Petit Bouirguignon, Petit Bourguignon, Petit Gamai, Petit Gamay, Petit Rondelet, Petite Lyonnaise, Piccolo Gamay, Plant Charmenton, Plant Charmeton, Plant Chataignet, Plant Chatillon, Plant d'Argenant, Plant d'Hery, Plant d'Arcenant, Plant d ' Evelles, Plant d'Hery, Plant de Bevy, Plant de la Treille, Plant de Labronde, Plant de Limagne, Plant de Magny, Plant de Malin, Plant de Montagny Sous Beaune, Plant de Montlambert, Plant de Perrache, Plant de Perraghe, Plant des Carmes, Plant Montagny-Sous-Beaune, Plant Monternier, Plant Nicolas, Plant Nikolas, Plant Picard, Plant Robert, Plant Tachon, Plant Tondo, Plant Tondu, Pti Game, Pti Qame, Qame Bojole, Qame Nuar, Qame Qirmizi, Qame Ruj, Qara Qame, Recsei Fekete, Saumorille, Black Melonent robbery, Sulzentaler Blau, Verdunois .

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Gamay  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Les Cepages noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento from January 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per greater region, part 1, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  2. ↑ Les Cepages noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 2, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  3. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: The wine year 2008  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), publisher Office fédéral de l'agriculture OFAG@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.blw.admin.ch@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.blw.admin.ch  
  4. ↑ Jancis Robinson , Julia Harding, Josè Vouillamoz: Wine Grapes , 1st edition 2012, Penguin Books, London, ISBN 978-0-06-220636-7 .
  5. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. A Single Pair of Parents Proposed for a Group of Grapevine Varieties in Northeastern France, by JE Bowers, R. Siret and CP Meredith and by P. This and J.-M. Boursiquot  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / ecaaser3.ecaa.ntu.edu.tw
  6. ↑ weinverkostungen.de: Chateau de Pizay with Morgon - visit and tasting with ripe Morgon . August 29, 2011 ( weinverkostungen.de [accessed November 7, 2016]).
  7. ↑ Gamay in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), accessed on March 30, 2020