Beaune

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Beaune
Beaune Coat of Arms
Beaune (France)
Beaune
region Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Department Côte-d'Or
Arrondissement Beaune ( sub-prefecture )
Canton Beaune (main town)
Community association Beaune Cote et Sud
Coordinates 47 ° 1 ′  N , 4 ° 50 ′  E Coordinates: 47 ° 1 ′  N , 4 ° 50 ′  E
height 193-407 m
surface 31.30 km 2
Residents 21,031 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 672 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 21200
INSEE code 21054
Website http://www.beaune.fr/
Beaune, center

Beaune is a French city with 21,031 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) km² 31.30 in the Côte-d'Or department in the region of Bourgogne Franche-Comté . Beaune is the center of the wine-growing region of the Côte de Beaune and is on the Paris – Marseille railway line .

history

The alignment of Couches (also called Menhirs d'Epoigny ) is south of the D 978 road, northwest of Couches and southwest of Beaune. Before the place Beaune in 1203 by Odo III. , Duke of Burgundy , who received city rights, it was a Celtic , later a Roman sanctuary for a long time . From the 14th century, Beaune was next to Dijon residence of the Dukes of Burgundy . In the 15th century, the city wall began to be built, of which larger parts are still preserved today. Today they serve partly as a wine warehouse for the large wine trading houses. When Charles the Bold , the last Duke of Burgundy, died in 1477 , the city was taken over by Louis XI. annexed by France after five weeks of siege. Many buildings from the late Middle Ages , Renaissance and Baroque bear witness to the past.

The serious Beaune bus accident occurred in July 1982.

Population development

year 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2016
Residents 15,367 16,874 19,060 20.207 21,289 21,923 21,778 21,644
Sources: Cassini and INSEE

economy

Viticulture

The viticulture at the Côte d'Or has been the time of the Romans founded the area Pagus Arebrignus called. During the Germanic invasions in the course of the Great Migration , it fell sharply. At the time of Charlemagne , the wine-growing region was only preserved in fragments. The wine cultures in the region now known as Bourgogne-Franche-Comté were cultivated further , mainly by a few monasteries.

Burgundian wine production was given a boost in the 14th century by the residence of the popes in nearby Avignon . In the centuries that followed, the trade in Burgundian wines increased steadily. In the 17th century they were touted as particularly healthy. The first modern wine trading companies came into being in the 18th century. Beaune is known as the "wine capital" of Burgundy. Significant growing areas in the area are z. B .:

The annual wine auctions of the Hospices de Beaune determine the prices for the entire region.

Mustard production

Along with Dijon and Meaux (Île de France), Beaune was one of the most important French mustard production centers . In the 19th century there were around thirty mustard makers here. The historic Fallot mustard mill from 1840 is the last family-owned and operated company of its kind in Burgundy.

Attractions

Hôtel Dieu, inner courtyard
  • The Hôtel-Dieu is a former hospital from the 15th century (1443), it was used as a hospital until 1971.
  • The Notre-Dame church , elevated to a basilica in 1958 , is a major work of the Burgundian Romanesque . It is built in the style of the third church in Cluny and houses an extraordinary decoration in its Gothic choir : the five-part tapestries , telling the life of the Virgin Mary , were woven in Tournai around 1500 based on a Burgundian artist. This high-quality series of 19 scenes is particularly impressive due to its luminosity and the delicacy of its execution.
  • The Hôtel des Ducs de Bourgogne is not far from the hospital. It is the former residence of the Burgundy dukes in Beaune, whose half-timbered buildings grouped around an inner courtyard offer a picturesque picture. These buildings now house the Burgundian Wine Museum, which is dedicated to the history of viticulture.
  • The approximately two kilometers long, circular city wall from the 15th century surrounds the old town. It has been since the annexation of Beaune to the Kingdom of France under Louis XI. renewed and reinforced. The city wall has eight bastions .
  • In the center there are numerous houses from the early modern period . Houses from the 16th century still stand in the Rue de Lorraine in particular.
  • List of monuments historiques in Beaune

Regular events

  • Festival International d'Opera Baroque: The festival has been held in Beaune every year since 1983. It was initiated by the historian Anne Blanchard . In addition to the Saintes Festival , it is the leading center for concerts, operas and oratorios of early music . The main patron is France Télécom , one of France's most important music sponsors. Up to 14,000 visitors are counted here every year. Performances include the Hôtel Dieu, the Notre Dame basilica, the Hospice de Beaune (a hospital in the Franco-Flemish early Renaissance style) and the Paradis wine cellar in the medieval Rue d'Enfer ("Höllengasse"). The concerts with works from the 15th to 17th centuries always take place on four to five weekends from July to early August.
  • On the third weekend in November, the wine festival Les Trois Glorieuses de Bourgogne , "The glorious three of Bourgogne" takes place, which extends over three days from Saturday to Monday.

Town twinning

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Nicolas Rolin (1376–1462), Chancellor of Philip the Good, founded the Beaune Hospital
  • Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941), Swiss and from 1915 American racing driver, founder of the Chevrolet Motor Car Company, spent his childhood and youth in Beaune
  • Jean Laplanche (1924–2012), French author and theoretician of psychoanalysis and winemaker in Beaune, died in Beaune
  • Jean-Pierre Ponnelle (1932–1988), opera and theater director, son of an old-established winemaking family, went to school in Beaune

  • Hôtel Dieu

  • Notre-Dame de Beaune from the outside

  • Notre-Dame de Beaune

  • Viticulture on the Côte d'Or

literature

Web links

Commons : Beaune  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Beaune  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frédéric Durand-Bazin: Report: Dans les coulisses des trois glorieuses de Bourgogne. In: Le Figaro . December 20, 2011, accessed on July 29, 2020 (French).