Saint-Jean-de-Losne
| Saint-Jean-de-Losne | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté | |
| Department | Côte-d'Or | |
| Arrondissement | Beaune | |
| Canton | Brazey-en-Plaine | |
| Community association | Rives de Saône | |
| Coordinates | 47 ° 6 ' N , 5 ° 16' E | |
| height | 179-182 m | |
| surface | 0.58 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,092 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 1,883 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 21170 | |
| INSEE code | 21554 | |
| Website | Saint-Jean-de-Losne | |
Saint-Jean-de-Losne is a French city with 1,092 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017) in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté (Bourgogne) region, Côte-d'Or department . The name of this community is likely derived from a temple dedicated to the goddess Latona , which has not yet been found.
geography
Saint-Jean-de-Losne lies on an area of 0.58 km² on the banks of the Saône and at the mouth of the Canal de Bourgogne ( German: Burgundy Canal ). The city is located about 30 km southeast of the departmental capital Dijon and is only 10 km west of the city of Dole . The city is itself the administrative seat of the canton of the same name .
history
Saint-Jean-de-Losne dates from the Gallo-Roman times, the Celtic name of the place was Latona, the name of the place in the Roman Empire has not been passed down. The place is mentioned early in the Fredegar Chronicle around the year 660. In the years 673 to 675 a council took place in Saint-Jean-de-Losne. On August 9, 1162, a meeting took place on the bridge over the Saône through the mediation of Henry I (called the Generous), which should contribute to the solution of the Pope's question. Emperor Friedrich I , called Barbarossa, as well as the French King Ludwig VII. Should with the Pope Alexander III, recognized by most cardinals and by England and France . and the antipope Viktor IV , who was supported by Barbarossa and proclaimed by the Roman people, meet. Alexander III however, refused to participate, so that Losne's attempt at arbitration was doomed to failure. Waldemar I had also come to this meeting , who swore the fiefdom to Emperor Barbarossa and received Denmark as his fief.
Initially, the place was under the influence of the Dukes of Burgundy . After being incorporated into the royal domain, Saint-Jean-de-Losne became the administrative seat. In the year 1227 the town charter was granted. Due to its location near the border, Saint-Jean-de-Losne quickly became a strategically important place. To protect the salt imports from Salins-les-Bains to Burgundy, the town was equipped with defenses. The flourishing trade helped Saint-Jean-de-Losne to grow in prosperity.
In the 17th century, during the Thirty Years War, Saint-Jean-de-Losne, the border town of the French Lower Burgundy, and the eastern city of Dole, the capital of the Habsburg stronghold, became contested locations. For the summer of 1636 the Imperial and Spanish had planned parallel attacks on France in the direction of Paris from the north and south. The imperial Lieutenant General Matthias Gallas was in charge of the attack from the south .
Before the planned start of the Imperial attack, a French army under Henri de Bourbon-Condé had invaded Hochburgund and started the siege of Dole. An Imperial Lorraine relief army under the Duke of Lorraine and Guillaume de Lamboy shocked Dole in August and then advanced as far as Dijon. They also plundered the area around Saint-Jean-de-Losne before they had to retreat from stronger French forces. At the end of October 1636, the main imperial army under Gallas moved in front of the city. The imperial commander had planned to conquer Saint-Jean-de-Losne in order to win it as a bridgehead and to be able to bring the artillery of his army across the Saone from here . An attack on Paris was no longer intended at this time, but the autumn campaign was at least intended to damage hardly defended areas such as the area around Lyons and to gain winter quarters in enemy territory. Three assaults by the Gallas army on the city were repelled. The French defenders received reinforcements in good time with Weimaraner mercenaries under Josias Rantzau , who arrived on the Saône by boats. The defenders also had the advantage of being in control of the bridge over the Saône. After further assault attempts, the Gallas troops gave up their attacks on November 1st due to bad weather and lack of ammunition and began to retreat. The heavy rain had turned the attack area in front of the city, the glacis of the fortifications, into a morass that was difficult to overcome. A large part of the artillery had to be left behind on site.
This failure of the imperial troops and the simultaneous failure of Spanish troops in the north of Paris in defending the occupied fortress of Corbie finally led to the abandonment of the French campaign. King Louis XIII rewarded the brave efforts of the residents with the abolition of the tax liability, which was only reversed during the French Revolution in July 1789.
The beginning of the 19th century was marked by the Napoleonic Wars . In early 1814, the population of Saint-Jean-de-Losne opposed Austrian units of Allied forces for forty days. After his return from the island of Elba , Napoleon awarded the city the order of the Légion d'Honneur by decree of May 22, 1815 , which has since been featured in the city's coat of arms.
During the Second World War , the bridge over the Saône was blown up on September 4, 1944 by the retreating German Wehrmacht . The Royal Air Force had previously bombed and destroyed the bridge in Seurre . This interrupted important west-east connections across the Saône and the railway line from Dijon to Lons-le-Saunier .
Population development
In the second half of the last century there was a significant decrease in the population.
| year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2006 | 2016 |
| Residents | 1528 | 1623 | 1605 | 1476 | 1342 | 1257 | 1208 | 1102 |
| Sources: Cassini and INSEE | ||||||||
Worth seeing
The tourist attraction of Saint-Jean-de-Losne is given above all by the local port as a starting point for trips on a houseboat on the Canal de Bourgogne .
Saint-Jean-Baptiste church
The Saint-Jean-Baptiste church can be considered exceptional in Burgundy in some ways. In contrast to the Christian tradition, according to which the building is usually oriented in a west-east direction, in this case the choir is oriented towards Jerusalem. Another peculiarity lies in the meeting between two important art historical epochs. the choir and the transept were built in the Gothic style during the 15th century , while the main nave and the portal were built in the 16th century in the Renaissance style.
The portal, designed in the style of a triumphal arch, is formed by two gates with round arches, which were divided by a column in Corinthian style . The wooden gates are still from the 16th century.
Inside the church, the pulpit was carved from a single red rock (limestone of the Bajocium ) from the quarries near Sampans and supplemented with the black limestone ( Sinemurium ) Noir de Miéry . The four statues of the evangelists on the pulpit body were also created from him. The statues of John the Baptist (Saint Jean Baptiste) and Simon Petrus (St. Pierre) were probably donated by Pastor Pierre Longuet in 1604.
Opposite the pulpit, leaning against a main pillar, is an honorary bench for the church administration from the 19th century.
The organ was built by Bénigne Boillot (1725–1795) from 1765 and inaugurated in 1768. This is now a listed building.
A gilded bronze choir desk dates from 1820 . Otherwise there are several souvenirs of the historical battle from 1636 inside the church, including a church window on the gable showing an episode of these acts of war.
More Attractions
- Remains of old ramparts
- Annual boatmen's festival (church)
Personalities
- François Perrier , born here around 1600, was a great painter of 17th century France
- Edmond Martène , born here on December 22nd, 1654 († 1739), an extremely prolific writer of the Benedictine order
- Pierre Millière , French entomologist
Partner municipality
- Zell-Weierbach , district of Offenburg ( Baden-Württemberg , Germany ), since 1964
Web links
supporting documents
- ↑ Johann Baptist Keune : Letona 2. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XII, 1, Stuttgart 1924, column 970.
- ^ Josef Limmer, Councils and Synods in Late Antique Gaul from 314 to 696 AD , 2004, p. 337 ff.
- ↑ Karl Jordan: Heinrich the Lion . Beck, Munich 1979, ISBN 3-406-04033-0 , p. 74.
- ↑ official homepage of the community
- ↑ Homepage of the Office de Tourisme ( Memento of April 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c Lothar Höbelt: From Nördlingen to Jankau. Imperial strategy and warfare 1634-1645 . In: Republic of Austria, Federal Minister for State Defense (Hrsg.): Writings of the Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien . tape 22 . Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna 2016, ISBN 978-3-902551-73-3 , p. 139 f .
- ↑ Office de tourisme ( Memento of May 9, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Grand Orgue de l'église St-Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Jean-de-Losne