Sangiovese
| Sangiovese | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Brunello, Brunello di Montalcino - for more see the Synonyms section |
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| Art | Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera ) |
| Berry color | black |
| use | |
| origin | Italy |
| VIVC no. | 10680 |
| ancestry | |
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Cross of |
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| List of grape varieties | |
Sangiovese [sandʒoˈveːze] is a red wine from Italy . It is one of the most important and common grape varieties there and forms the basis for well-known wines such as Brunello di Montalcino , Chianti Classico , Chianti , Morellino di Scansano or Vino Nobile di Montepulciano . In general, a Sangiovese wine is characterized by a rather light red color and a pronounced structure with a high acid and tannin content .
Lineage and History
In 2004, the Swiss biologist José Vouillamoz came to the conclusion that the Sangiovese grape variety arose from a spontaneous crossing of the Ciliegiolo × Calabrese di Montenuovo varieties . This contradicts studies from the years 2007 and 2010, which showed that Ciliegiolo is a descendant of Sangiovese × Moscato Violetto. Sangiovese would therefore be a parent of Ciliegiolo. The French ampelographer Thierry Lacombe presented studies in 2012 according to which Sangiovese could be a descendant from Foglia Tonda with Gaglioppo or with Frappato di Vittoria. There is a lot of contradicting research, so the genetic origin of the Sangiovese is considered unclear.
For a long time the division into Sangiovese Grosso (with the representatives Brunello, Prugnolo gentile and Sangiovese di Lamole) and Sangiovese piccolo (Sangiovese piccolo di Montalcino, Morellino di Scansano) applied. As the names suggest, this rough classification was based on the size of the berries. As early as 1879, however, an ampelographic commission from the province of Siena determined that the varieties were identical. More recent attempts at planting various clones have led to the supposed property of the larger Sangiovese Grosso berries being traced back to the growing conditions around Montalcino . There are also no differences in the DNA profile. The Prugnolo Gentile, from which the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano is pressed, as well as the Brunello, namesake of the wine of the same name from Montalcino, are no longer listed as separate varieties. In both cases, the DOCG regulations speak of Sangiovese, which is called Brunello or Prugnolo gentile in the respective area.
The agronomic origins of the grape variety are also in the dark. It is true that there is always the assumption that forerunners of Sangiovese were cultivated as early as the times of the Romans or even the Etruscans, but these hypotheses cannot be substantiated. The variety first appeared in 1590 under the name Sangiogheto or Sangioveto by the Tuscan agronomist Giovan Vettorio Soderini. But evidence of the Sanzuvesa grape variety can also be found in Emilia-Romagna around 1650. Since the grape variety has always had very different names depending on the region and also forms very strong ampelographic differentiation depending on the growing conditions, it is hardly possible today to clearly identify which grape variety was given which name and when. The origin of the name 'Sangiovese' is not finally clear, but it is often derived from sanguis jovis (Latin) and translated as “blood of Jupiter”.
distribution
The main cultivation areas of the Sangiovese are the traditional settlement areas of the Etruscans , especially the Tuscany region . It is also well represented in Emilia-Romagna and the Marche . According to production regulations, some of the most famous red wines in Tuscany are based on Sangiovese:
- Brunello and Rosso di Montalcino, Sangiovese is the only grape variety approved for these wines.
- Vino nobile and Rosso di Montepulciano, Sangiovese at least 70%
- Chianti Classico , Sangiovese at least 80%, Chianti DOCG at least 70%
- Carmignano , Sangiovese at least 50%
- Morellino di Scansano , Sangiovese at least 85%
Other well-known wines based on Sangiovese are: Rosso di Montefalco from Umbria (60–70%), Rosso Piceno Sangiovese from the Marche (at least 85%) or Romagna Sangiovese from Emilia-Romagna (at least 85%). A separate wine category, in which Sangiovese plays an important role, are the so-called "Supertuscans". These are wines that are not produced according to the Italian DOC / DOCG regulations, with the aim of producing high-quality, "significant" wines according to oenological and market-oriented criteria, which are mostly based on French models. In these wines, the Sangiovese is often blended with international grape varieties ( Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot ) and matured in barriques .
Sangiovese is one of the most important Italian leading varieties and is also grown in most of the other Italian regions, albeit only in small quantities and with the use of a blending partner. The vine has achieved a certain importance on the island of Corsica . The grape variety was imported from Italy by the Genoese who ruled the island until the end of the 18th century. It is approved there under the name Nielluccio in all AOC / Vin de Pays red and rosé wines. Other mostly smaller plantings of Sangiovese can be found in Europe in Greece, Malta, Switzerland, Turkey and Hungary. Outside Europe, it is grown in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Israel, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia and the USA.
World cultivation area 2010: 77,810 ha
Research projects
The Chianti 2000 research project initiated by the Consorzio Chianti Classico made it possible to increase the quality of this grape variety, which is also noticeable in the diversity of the different types of wine. The research group focused on the naturally formed clones / offshoots of this grape variety over the centuries in order to develop and breed them in a targeted manner. In the Chianto Classico wine-growing region alone, there are different typicalities of this grape variety due to different climatic conditions.
Ampelographic varietal characteristics
- Shoot tip thickly woolly, whitish green with a reddish tinge.
- Young leaves light green, slightly bronzed; Leaves medium-sized, five-lobed, dark green, leaf surface smooth, lightly bristled, underneath strongly bristled; Style bay U-shaped, open.
- Medium-sized cluster, cylindrical to slightly pyramidal, shouldered, compact.
- Medium-sized, round, thick-skinned berry of black-blue color.
Maturity: early October
properties
The vine is very vigorous, prefers light, chalky soils and good locations, brings high yields and ripens at the beginning of October. The variety is productive.
Synonyms
The grape variety is also known under 112 other names: Agnelluccia, Agnellucciu, Brunelletto, Brunello, Brunello di Montalcino, Brunello Montalcino, Cacchiano, Calabrese, Cardisco, Cassano, Chiantino, Cordisio, Corinto, Corinto Nero, Cuocignola, Gabba Cani, Guarnacciola, , Lacrima, Lambrusco, Lambrusco Mendoza, Liliano, Maglioppa, Montepulciano Cardisco, Montepulciano Primutico, Morellino, Morellino de Florence, Morellino di Scansano, Morellone, Moscatale, Moscatele, Negrello, Negretta, Nelutcho, Nerello, Nericetro, Sanvino, Campotu, Nerino Niella, Niellone, Nielluccia, Nielluccio, Niellucciu, Pigniuolo Rosso, Pignolo, Pignolo Rosso, Pignuolo, Plant Romain, Primaticcio, Prugnolino Dolce, Prugnolo, Prugnolo di Montepulciano, Prugnolo Dolce, Prugnolo Gentile, Prugnolo Gentile, Prugnolo Rosso, Prugnolo Gentile San Giovese dal Cannello Lungo di Predoppio, San Giovese di Romagna, San Gioveto, San Gioveto Dolce Nero, San Gioveto Gentile, San Gioveto Grosso, Sa n Giovetto Grosso di Toscana, San Montanino, San Quioveto, San Roveto, San Zoveto, Sancivetro, Sangineto, Sangiogheto, Sangiovese Crni, Sangiovese dal Cannello Lungo, Sangiovese dal Cannello Lungiovese di Predappio, Sangiovese di Lamole, Sangiovese di Romagheto Sangiovese Elba, Sangiovese Gentile, Sangiovese Grosso, Sangiovese Nostrano, Sangiovese Piccolo, Sangiovese Piccolo Precoce, Sangiovese Romagnolo, Sangiovese Toscano, Sangiovete, Sangioveto, Sangioveto Chiantigiano, Sangioveto Chiantigiano, Sangioveto doppell'Elba, Sangio dell'Elba, Sangio di Elba, Doppangio Doppio , Sangioveto Montanino, Sanvicetro dal Cannello Lungo di Predappio, Sanvicetro di Lamole, Sanvicetro di Romagna, Sanvicetro Dolce, Sanvicetro Gentile, Sanxhoveze, Sanzoveto, Tabernello, Tignolo, Tignolo Sointovese, Canva, Toustain, Abanese, Tipsa, Toustain, Truinazzi, Canva, Uvaetta, Uuccinazzi Vigna del Conte, Vigna Maggio .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sangiovese in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English). There are various hypotheses that have been created using markers. Pedigree confirmed by markers
- ↑ a b Sangiovese. In: www.wein-plus.eu. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Provvedimenti generali relativi ai Disciplinari consolidati dei vini DOP e IGP italiani on Politicheagricole.it (Italian)
- ↑ M. Gily, F. Giavedoni: Guida ai vitigni d'Italia (Italian), 2011, ISBN 978-888499-242-0
- ↑ K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010, Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014) (third revision July 2014).
- ↑ Nina Tiefner: Sangiovese - The red ruler among the grape varieties in Chianti. (No longer available online.) August 26, 2017, archived from the original on November 11, 2017 ; accessed on October 10, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hans Ambrosi: color atlas grape varieties, 300 varieties and their wines , page 208. 3rd edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5957-4
- ↑ Sangiovese in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), accessed on June 16, 2020
