Camille Jullian

Photograph by Camille Jullian from 1924

Louis Camille Jullian (born March 15, 1859 in Marseille , † December 12, 1933 in Paris ) was a French ancient historian . With his extremely powerful work on the pre-medieval history of Gaul , he significantly influenced the image of this ethnic group in France.

life and career

Monument to Camille Jullian in Bordeaux

Camille Jullian came from a Protestant family. In 1877 he began to study at the École normal supérieure in Paris after obtaining his Abitur at the Lyceum in Thiers . His main academic teachers included Paul Vidal de la Blache , Ernest Desjardins , Gaston Boissier and Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges . In 1880 he finished his studies as the best agrégation in history. In the same year he went to the École française de Rome , where he did research until 1882. Study visits took him to Berlin, among other places, where he took part in Theodor Mommsen's epigraphic exercises. In 1883 Jullian received his doctorate , then he taught at the University of Bordeaux . In 1886 there was an appointment to a professorship. In Bordeaux he began to study the regional history of the area. He examined the history as well as the inscriptions . He also led excavations that unearthed the Roman roots of the city of Bordeaux. He quickly expanded the research to all of France. His monograph on Vercingetorix celebrated the Gauls prince as a visionary of a unified, free Gaul, while Gaius Iulius Caesar was seen in his later magnum opus Histoire de la Gaule as an obstacle to an independent development of France. With this, Jullian also entered into direct contradiction to Mommsen, who praised Caesar for his deeds in his Roman history . The Vercingetorix biography had a strong response and was awarded the Grand Prix Gobert of the Académie française in 1902 , as was the Histoire de la Gaule in 1908 . In 1905 he was appointed to the newly created chair for Antiquités Nationales at the Collège de France . It was here that he wrote and published his most important work, the eight-volume Histoire de la Gaule, between 1907 and 1926. The first modern study of the history of ancient Gaul involved the evaluation of all tangible sources, both literary and archaeological. The work was a thoroughly patriotic work, Jullian understood the moral as well as patriotic task of the historian to draw lessons from the past and thus also published articles on recent and contemporary history . He made the latter contributions as well as lectures in this field, especially during the First World War . In 1917/18 he was a member of the Comité d'études , which was supposed to prove that the Saarland was a natural part of France. In 1930 he retired.

Memorial plaque on Place Camille-Jullian .

Jullian was highly honored in France. In 1908 he was accepted into the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres as the successor to his teacher Gaston Boissier . In 1924 he was elected to succeed Jean Aicard and as the predecessor of Léon Bérard on the armchair 10 of the Académie française. In Paris as well as in Bordeaux, the Place Camille-Jullian was named after him, as was an ancient column, which traded as Monument à Camille Jullian , in Bordeaux. Several schools in France also bear his name. In addition, a laboratory at the Center national de la recherche scientifique in Aix-en-Provence was named after him. In 1932 he became a Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor . He was co-editor of the Revue des études anciennes . Jullien edited the works of his teacher Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges. In addition to historical and antiquity studies, he also dealt with French literary history. Jullian's grandson was the illustrator Philippe Jullian .

Publications

Work on Bordeaux and the Gironde

• Étude d'épigraphie bordelaise. Les Bordelais dans l'armée romaine. Notes concernant les inscriptions de Bordeaux extraites des papiers de M. de Lamontagne , 1884.
• Les antiquités de Bordeaux (Revue archéologique), 1885.
• Inscriptions romaines de Bordeaux , 1887–1890.
• Ausone et Bordeaux. Études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine , 1893 digitized .
• Histoire de Bordeaux depuis les origines jusqu'en 1895 , 1895 digitized .
• L'orientalisme à Bordeaux. Feret, Bordeaux 1897 digitized .

Works on Gaul

• De protectoribus et domesticis augustorum , 1883.
• Histoire des institutions politiques de l'ancienne France, de Fustel de Coulanges (édition posthume des œuvres), 1890.
• Gallia, tableau sommaire de la Gaule sous la domination romaine , Hachette, 1892.
• Fréjus romain , 1886.
• Notes d'épigraphie , 1886.
• Les transformations politiques de l'Italie sous les empereurs romains, 43 av JC-330 après J.-C. , 1884.
• Extraits des historiens du XIXe , publiés, annotés et précédés d'une introduction sur l'histoire de France, 1897.
• Inscriptiones Galliae narbonensis Latinae (CIL XII) , en collaboration, 1899.
• Vercingétorix. Hachette, Paris 1901 digitized
• La politique romaine en Provence (218-59 avant notre ère) , 1901.
• Recherches sur la religion gauloise , 1903.
• Plaidoyer pour la préhistoire , 1907.
• Les anciens dieux de l'Occident , 1913.
• Les Paris des Romains. Les Arènes. Les Thermes , 1924.
• Histoire de la Gaule , rééd. Hachette, Coll. Références, 1993, 1270 pages, ISBN 978-2010212178 .
• Au seuil de notre histoire. Leçons faites au Collège de France , 1905–1930, 3 vol. 1930-1931.
• Les invasions ibériques en Gaule et l'origine de Bordeaux. Imp. G. Gounouilhou, Bordeaux 1903 digitized .

Patriotic work

• Le Rhin gaulois. Le Rhin français , 1915.
• Pas de paix avec Hohenzollern. À un ami du front , 1918.
• La guerre pour la patrie , 1919.
• Aimons la France, conférences 1914–1919 , 1920.
• De la Gaule à la France. Nos origines historiques , 1922.

literature

• Heinrich Schlange-Schöningen : Jullian, Camille. In: Peter Kuhlmann , Helmuth Schneider (Hrsg.): History of the ancient sciences. Biographical Lexicon (= The New Pauly . Supplements. Volume 6). Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2012, ISBN 978-3-476-02033-8 , Sp. 630 f.

Web links

Commons : Camille Jullian  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files