Isabella (grape variety)
| Isabella | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | see section synonyms |
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| Art | Interspecific crossing |
| Berry color | deep black and strongly scented |
| use | |
| origin | United States |
| known since | 1816 |
| VIVC no. | 5560 |
| ancestry | |
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Cross of |
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| List of grape varieties | |
Isabella is a red wine variety that originated in North America. It is a hybrid grape and gained great importance during the phylloxera disaster.
Lineage and History
Isabella is an American hybrid of Vitis labrusca x Vitis vinifera .
The name Isabella is said to go back to the vine grower William R. Prince on Long Island . He received vine plants from Mrs. Isabella Gibbs and used them for his breeding. A grape variety that emerged from this was named by the grape grower after Mrs. Gibbs Isabella's first name. According to them, the vines should come from the village of Dorchester in South Carolina . The origin from South Carolina is doubted today. The grape variety was first described in 1816. The grape variety came to France as early as 1820 and to Germany via the Baumann brothers from Bollweiler in Alsace .
After the drastic loss of European grapevines due to phylloxera in the second half of the 19th century, more resistant grape varieties than the predominantly cultivated grape varieties were sought. As a result, Isabella was increasingly imported and cultivated in Europe together with other grape varieties from America. So it was spread all over Europe.
Ampelographic features
- The tip of the shoot is very hairy and has a light reddish color.
- The leaf is medium-sized, three-lobed with an elongated, wedge-shaped central lobe. The top of the leaves is dark green. On the underside they are gray-white and extremely woolly to tomentose. The stalk bay of the leaves is V-shaped and closed to overlapping. The leaf margin shows only a slight perforation.
- The large, loose-berried grapes are usually cylindrical to conical and only simply shouldered. Its medium-sized, oval berries are thick-skinned, deep black and have a strong scent. The berry color develops before it is actually ripe. Their taste has a distinctive Fox tone (strawberry taste). Another characteristic is that the grapes do not ripen at the same time.
properties
The grape variety is vigorous and prolific. It has very good fungus resistance , but low phylloxera resistance . It copes well with tropical and subtropical conditions.
Wine
When it is pressed , Isabella gives a slimy must that is difficult to ferment. This reduces the yield and makes winemaking more difficult, in addition to the non-simultaneous ripening. The wines are light red and have an intense fox tone reminiscent of an artificial strawberry aroma . Usually the grapes are used as table grapes . When it comes to processing, they are often made into grape juice or light rosé wines , but occasionally also into sparkling wine.
distribution
The grape variety is still more important in the CIS countries , mainly in Azerbaijan , Georgia , Moldova and Ukraine , as well as in Switzerland , Portugal and on the Portuguese island of Madeira . Small stocks also exist in Austria , Italy , France and Croatia . In the Austrian Burgenland it is often used for the local wine specialty Uhudler . However, in Austria all red direct producers are incorrectly referred to as Isabella. In northeastern Italy, a wine called Fragolino is made from it. In the Italian-speaking area, the name “Uva fragola” (strawberry grape) is the same as in Austria.
It was also planted in New Zealand for its phylloxera resistance. There it was still the most common grape variety in 1960. Isabella also ripens under tropical conditions and is therefore often cultivated in the countries of the New World, such as B. in Brazil , Uruguay , Japan , India and on the Indonesian Bali .
The global cultivation area is 32,494 ha (as of 2013).
The Bangalore Blue grape variety, which is widespread in India, is probably a selection of the Isabella grape variety. Isabella seedlings are involved in the Carter and York-Madeira grape varieties .
This grape variety is also found in the eastern Black Sea region (Turkey) of Turkey . There the grapes are used for the production of pekmez and the vine leaves for the preparation of dolma .
Synonyms
Alexander, Americano, Amerikanska Loza, Ananas, Ananaszoeloe, Arkansa grape, Bangalore Blue, Batum Uezuemue, Bellina, Black Cape, Blue Isabella, Bromostaphylo, Bungalore Blue, Capsunica, Captraube, Capwein, Catalan Negro, Champania, Christie's Improved Isabella, Cilek Uezuemue, Cimavica, Constantia, Constanzia grape, Dorchester, Edes, Eperszoeloe Piros, Eperzamatu, strawberry grape, Fragola Crna, Framboisier, Fraula, Fraulaghju, Fravula, Frutilla, Gibb'S Grape, Gros Framboise, Guercue Uezuemue, Isabelle, Isabella, Isabella Blaue, Isabella, Isabella Blaue , Isabelle D'Amerique, Isabellinha, Izabel, Izabela, Izabela Crna, Izabella, Izabella Piros, Izabelle, Jahodovy Hrozen, Kepshuna, Kerkyraios, Kokulu Uezuem, Koreos, Lidia, Loipe Makedonia, Mihacir Uezuemue, Odessa, Nostaphylo, Hanover , Ontessa, Paign'S Isabella, Paine'S Early Sanborton, Payne'S Early, Paynes Isabella, Piros Eperszoeloe, Piros Izabella, Raisin De Cassis, Raisin Du Cap, Raisin Fraise, Raisin Framboise, Saint e Helena, Sainte Helene, Saluda, Sampanija, Sauborton, Schuykill, Strawberry Grape, Tjortjidica, Tzampela, Tzortzidika Chakidike, Tzortzines, Utkopro, Uva Americana, Uva Cimice, Uva Fragola, Uva Fraula, Vernet, Woodward, Zampela.
literature
- Norbert Tischelmayer: Wine Glossary . 2777 terms around the wine, Np Buchverlag, Mail 2001, ISBN 3853261779
- Der Brockhaus Wein , Verlag FA Brockhaus, 1st edition 2005, ISBN 3-7653-0281-3
- Walter Eckhart, Robert Sommer: It was phylloxera. The Uhudler legend. Mandelbaum, Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-85476-009-4 .
- Walter Eckhart, Robert Sommer: Uhudler legend. From outlaw wine to regional delicacies. Mandelbaum, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-85476-272-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ K. Anderson, NR Aryal: Database of Regional, National and Global Winegrape Bearing Areas by Variety, 2000 and 2010, Wine Economics Research Center, University of Adelaide, December 2013 (first revision April 2014) (second revision May 2014) (third revision July 2014).
- ↑ Isabella (grape variety) in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grape Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)