Limburg district
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ' N , 8 ° 4' E |
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| Basic data (as of 1974) | ||
| Existing period: | 1886-1974 | |
| State : | Hesse | |
| Administrative region : | Darmstadt | |
| Administrative headquarters : | Limburg on the Lahn | |
| Area : | 359.43 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 94,500 (Dec. 31, 1973) | |
| Population density : | 263 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| License plate : | LM | |
| Circle key : | 06 1 45 | |
| Circle structure: | 26 municipalities | |
| District Administrator : | Heinz Wolf ( CDU ) | |
The district of Limburg , until 1938 the district of Limburg , existed from April 1, 1886 to June 30, 1974, when today's Limburg-Weilburg district came into being. The county seat was Limburg an der Lahn .
geography
location
The district was between the low mountain ranges Taunus and Westerwald in central Hesse . A large part of the district area was taken up by the valley landscape of the Lahn , which flowed through the district from northeast to southwest in the Limburg basin . With its favorable soil and climate, the Limburg Basin forms one of the most productive agricultural landscapes in Hesse and has also been of great importance in terms of transport geography as an inexpensive Lahn crossing since the Middle Ages . The Golden Ground continues after the Limburg Basin . There is also a very productive agricultural area.
Neighboring areas
Before its dissolution in 1974, the Limburg district bordered the Westerwaldkreis in Rhineland-Palatinate in the north, the Oberlahnkreis and Hochtaunuskreis in Hesse in the east, the Untertaunuskreis in Hesse in the south and the Rhein-Lahn district in Rhineland-Palatinate in the west .
shape
The district of Limburg was characterized by an idiosyncratic shape. To the south of the Lahn it encompassed almost the entire Goldener Grund to the right and left of the Emsbach . The northern district area lay on both sides of the Elbbach as far as Langendernbach . The district was only five kilometers wide at the narrowest point where Limburg lay. Thus, the district was shaped like a butterfly or a bat.
history
Early historical finds date far beyond the early Middle Ages, such as the Ice Age loess profile that was found during archaeological excavations on the ICE site in Limburg. Traces of settlement from the Middle Paleolithic Age (around 100,000 years ago) testify to the stone box finds from Ober- and Niederzeuzheim , which have been destroyed today , as well as the ramparts on the Dornburg near Wilsenroth . In the southern district, the megalithic graves from the Hallstatt period (750–450 BC) represent continuity of settlement, as do the Merovingian graves in Neesbach . The former district area has a special density of finds in some districts and every find documents the former importance of the region, the Niederlahngau .
The early medieval noble noble family of the Konradines , who were highly regarded in the Franconian Empire, ruled the Lahn area of today's district. The first documented evidence of the founding of a collegiate church on the Lintburc exists from 910 for today's district town Limburg an der Lahn. Hadamar was first mentioned in 832 and Camberg in 1000.
The Konradin domestic policy testifies to a great transport policy foresight in the development of their territory. At intervals of daily stages, the Konradines secured their domain by founding monasteries along the Lahn (Limburg, Weilburg, Wetzlar) and on the Westerwald (Montabaur). In terms of imperial politics, the family experiences its zenith with King Konrad I , the only Conradin ruler on the German (East Franconian) throne. On his deathbed, according to the chronicler Widukind, Konrad showed statesmanlike greatness when he asked his brother to deliver the imperial insignia to his bitter opponent, the Saxon Duke Heinrich , the so-called Weilburg Testament.
Limburg at the intersection of important old roads (including castle and monastery bailiwick) came to the Lords of Ysenburg at the beginning of the 13th century , half of them in 1344, and all of them in 1420 to the Electorate of Trier and remained Trierian and thus Catholic until the secularization in 1803. In 1803 it went to Nassau-Weilburg , 1806 to the Duchy of Nassau and with it in 1866 by annexation to Prussia .
While the part ruled by Trier was Catholic, the House of Nassau converted to the Protestant faith.
The religious turmoil of the 17th century can be illustrated particularly well in the Nassau-Hadamar house . Johann VI. von Nassau-Dillenburg was first a Lutheran , then a staunch Calvinist and had his fifth son, Johann Ludwig, born in this sense on August 12, 1590 in his third marriage with Johannetta von Sayn-Wittgenstein . Johann Ludwig von Nassau-Hadamar , raised to the rank of imperial prince in 1650 , converted to Catholicism in 1629 and, with great zeal and with the help of the Jesuits he brought into the country, carried out the re-Catholicization of the county. The grammar school, which he initiated in 1652, was run by Jesuits until 1773. He continued to tolerate the reformed faith of his wife, Countess Ursula von Lippe-Detmold . As the imperial envoy in 1638 in Cologne, Münster and Osnabrück in the negotiations on the Peace of Westphalia , he demonstrated his diplomatic skills. However, the candidacy of the now widowed prince for the bishopric of Münster (1650) failed.
The Duchy of Nassau (1806) emerged from the territorial changes in the German states at the beginning of the 19th century , whose government was initially jointly owned by Duke Friedrich August von Nassau-Usingen and Prince Friedrich Wilhelm von Nassau-Weilburg . After their two deaths in 1816, the sole reign passed to the Nassau-Weilburg house. The magnificent castle in Weilburg , which today provides the setting for the Weilburg castle concerts, has now stepped back behind the Biebrich castle in Wiesbaden . Nassau, which fought on Austria's side in 1866, became spoils of war and officially annexed by Prussia on September 20, 1866 . Duke Adolph went to Luxembourg and became Grand Duke of Luxembourg . Nassau continued as the administrative district of Wiesbaden in the province of Hesse-Nassau (with Kassel).
When Hessen-Nassau was divided into districts in 1867 , the Limburg district was not yet on the map. It was not until April 1, 1886 that the Limburg Office (until then in the Unterlahnkreis ), the Hadamar Office (until then in the Oberlahnkreis ) and the Camberg District Court district belonging to the Idstein Office in the Untertaunuskreis were formed into a separate Limburg district. The two communities Niedertiefenbach and Waldernbach were separated from the Hadamar office and remained with the Oberlahnkreis.
In 1932 the communities of Hasselbach and Haintchen, which belong to the Usingen district, were incorporated into the Limburg district. After several parish mergers, the district comprised 51 parishes since the late 1930s, including the three towns of Camberg , Hadamar and Limburg an der Lahn.
From 1943 to 1945 the Limburg district was united with the Unterlahnkreis. The seat of this double circle was Limburg. In 1961 the proportion of displaced persons was 19%. Most of these settled in the cities (Camberg 28%, Limburg 23%, Hadamar 22%). The proportion in the rural villages was between 8% and 16%. The reason for this was the better opportunity to earn a living, as this population group had hardly any agricultural land.
The community of Hasselbach left the district on August 1, 1972 and was incorporated into the new community of Weilrod in the Hochtaunus district. Overall, the Hessian regional reform reduced the number of municipalities in the district to 26 by June 1974.
After 88 years of existence, the Limburg district merged with the Oberlahnkreis formed in 1867 to form the Limburg-Weilburg district through a voluntary change of territory. The two districts thus came before a forced merger. At the same time, on July 1, 1974, other parishes were merged.
As the first circular wide association, the closed circle Firefighters Association Limburg together with the neighboring county firefighters association Oberlahnstein in the newly formed district. The delegates of the two associations decided on September 20, 1975 in Obertiefenbach to unite with immediate effect to form the Limburg-Weilburg District Fire Brigade Association.
Population development
| year | Residents | source |
|---|---|---|
| 1890 | 48.187 | |
| 1900 | 49,997 | |
| 1910 | 55,393 | |
| 1925 | 59,156 | |
| 1933 | 63,269 | |
| 1939 | 61,610 | |
| 1950 | 81,737 | |
| 1960 | 82,700 | |
| 1970 | 92,000 | |
| 1973 | 94,500 |
politics
District administrators
- 1886–1905: Wilhelm Rabe
- 1905–1919: Robert Büchting ( NLP )
- 1919–1921: Karl Schellen
- 1921–1924: Max Huesker
- 1924–1934: Gerhard von Breitenbach ( center )
- 1934–1945: Karl Uerpmann ( NSDAP )
- 1945–1948: Walter Dannhausen ( CDU )
- 1948–1964: Eduard Jäger (CDU)
- 1964–1974: Heinz Wolf (CDU)
coat of arms
Description : in blue a continuous cross nested in two rows of red and silver (white).
The coat of arms is a combination of the coat of arms of Kurtrier : in silver a red, continuous cross, and the coat of arms of the Isenburg-Limburg rulership : in blue two red and silver bars, accompanied by golden shingles.
The coat of arms was approved on June 28, 1957 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior .
Communities
The following table contains all municipalities that belonged to the Limburg district, as well as the data for all incorporations.
Attractions
- The Lahn flowed through the middle of the district
- The Westerwald in the northern part of the district
- The Taunus in the southern part of the district
- Limburg Cathedral of St. Georg (inaugurated in 1235) on Lahnfelsen
- Limburg old town with half-timbered houses (built from 1289)
- Bad Camberg Kneipp bath (since 1927) with natural and medicinal springs
- Blasius Chapel (first mentioned around 803) in Frickhofen
- Waldmannshausen Castle (built 1486) in Elbgrund
- Castle in Hadamar (built in 1629) with renaissance architecture
- Well temple (first mentioned in source 772) in Niederselters
The Lahn in the district
The Westerwald in the district
The Taunus in the district
Typical half-timbered houses in Limburg's old town
Amthof Bad Camberg
Kreuzkapelle in Bad Camberg
Blasius Chapel in Frickhofen
Remains of the Rödchensmauer, the ring wall of the Dornburg
Waldmannshausen Castle in Elbgrund
Town hall of the municipality of Elz with the tower of the parish church
Stein's house in Kirberg
Well temple in Niederselters
Former barracks of the Electorate of Trier, now Selters / Ts town hall.
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinguishing mark LM when the license plates that are still valid today were introduced . It is still issued in the Limburg-Weilburg district to this day.
literature
- The district committee of the district of Limburg-Weilburg: Limburg-Weilburg - Contributions to the history of the district , Limburg 1986
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Scholz, Wolfgang / Müller, Karl: Heimatbuch for the Limburg district. Limburg 1952, p. 11
- ↑ District order for the province of Hessen-Nassau 1886 (digitized version)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Michael Rademacher: German administrative history. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on January 2, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Limburg-Weilburg district. Historical local dictionary. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 370 .
- ^ Franz-Josef Sehr : District Fire Brigade Association Limburg-Weilburg . In: Freiwillige Feuerwehr Obertiefenbach e. V. (Ed.): 125 years of the Obertiefenbach volunteer fire brigade . Reference 2005, ISBN 978-3-926262-03-5 , pp. 107-113 .
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1972
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1975
- ↑ Staats-Anzeiger für das Land Hessen, No. 28/1957, page 661
The districts in the Wiesbaden administrative region of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau
Biedenkopf | Dill circle | Limburg | Oberlahnkreis | Obertaunuskreis | Oberwesterwaldkreis | Rheingau district | Sankt Goarshausen | Unterlahnkreis | Untertaunuskreis | Unterwesterwaldkreis | Usingen | Wetzlar
Dissolved in 1886 : Mainkreis ; Dissolved in 1910 : Frankfurt ; Disbanded in 1928 : Höchst | Koenigstein | Wiesbaden ; Disbanded in 1933 : Westerburg
1972 dissolved: District Alsfeld | District of Büdingen | District of Erbach | District Friedberg | District of Hersfeld | District of Hofgeismar | District of Hünfeld | Lauterbach district | Obertaunuskreis | Rotenburg district | Usingen district | Wolfhagen district . 1973 dissolved: District of Eschwege | District of Frankenberg | District of Fritzlar-Homberg | District of Melsungen | District of Waldeck | District of Witzenhausen | Ziegenhain district . 1974 dissolved: District Biedenkopf | District of Gelnhausen | District of Hanau | Limburg County | District of Marburg | Oberlahnkreis | District of Schlüchtern . 1976 dissolved: Darmstadt district | District of Dieburg | Dill circle | Rheingau district | Untertaunuskreis | Wetzlar district .